Reactivated memories compete for expression after Pavlovian extinction

Behavioural Processes

Volumn 90, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 20-27

  Laborda, Mario A ^a,b   Miller, Ralph R ^a  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHILE   (Chile)

Author keywords

Exposure therapy; Extinction; Interference; Recovery from extinction; Relapse

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL CUE; EXTINCTION; GENE EXPRESSION; MEMORY;

ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN CORTEX; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; REINFORCEMENT; STIMULUS GENERALIZATION;

ANIMALS; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; CUES; EXTINCTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MEMORY; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY;

EID: 84862778870     PISSN: 03766357     EISSN: 18728308     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2012.01.012     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anderson M.C., Bjork R.A., Bjork E.L. Remembering can cause forgetting: retrieval dynamics in long-term memory. J. Exp. Psychol.: Learn. Mem. Cogn. 1994, 20:1063-1087.
2. Barela P.B. Theoretical mechanisms underlying the trial-spacing effect in Pavlovian fear conditioning. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Process. 1999, 25:177-193.
3. Bouton M.E. Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigm of Pavlovian learning. Psychol. Bull. 1993, 114:80-99.
4. Bouton M.E. The multiple forms of "context" in associative learning theory. The Mind in Context 2010, 233-258. Guilford Press, New York, NY. B. Mesquita, L.F. Barrett, E.R. Smith (Eds.).
5. Bouton M.E., Bolles R.C. Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear. Learn. Motiv. 1979, 10:445-466.
6. Bouton M.E., King D.A. Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: tests for the associative value of the context. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 1983, 9:248-265.
7. Bouton M.E., Ricker S.T. Renewal of extinguished responding in a second context. Anim. Learn. Behav. 1994, 22:317-324.
8. Brooks D.C., Bouton M.E. A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates spontaneous recovery. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 1993, 19:77-89.
9. Brooks D.C., Bouton M.E. A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates response recovery (renewal) caused by a return to the conditioning context. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 1994, 20:366-379.
10. Capaldi E.J., Neath I. Remembering and forgetting as context discrimination. Learn. Mem. 1995, 2:107-132.
11. Denniston J.C., Chang R.C., Miller R.R. Massive extinction attenuates the renewal effect. Learn. Motiv. 2003, 34:68-86.
12. Denniston J.C., Savastano H.I., Miller R.R. The extended comparator hypothesis: learning by contiguity, responding by relative strength. Handbook of Contemporary Learning Theories 2001, 65-117. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. R.R. Mowrer, S.B. Klein (Eds.).
13. Gunther L.M., Denniston J.C., Miller R.R. Conducting exposure treatment in multiple contexts can prevent relapse. Behav. Res. Ther. 1998, 36:75-91.
14. Hill W.F., Wallace W.P. Reward magnitude and number of training trials as joint factors in extinction. Psychon. Sci. 1967, 7:267-268.
15. Holland P.C. Occasion setting in Pavlovian feature positive discriminations. Quantitative Analyses of Behavior: Discrimination Processes 1983, 183-206. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA. M.L. Commons, R.J. Herrnstein, A.R. Wagner (Eds.).
16. Konorski J. Integrative Activity of the Brain: An Interdisciplinary Approach 1967, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
17. Laborda M.A., McConnell B.L., Miller R.R. Behavioral techniques to reduce relapse after exposure therapy: applications of studies of experimental extinction. Associative Learning and Conditioning Theory: Human and Non-human Applications 2011, 79-103. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. T.R. Schachtman, S. Reilly (Eds.).
18. Laborda, M.A., Miguez, G., Miller, R.R. Preventing recovery from extinction in an animal model of anxiety: II. Additive effect of spacing extinction trials and sessions, submitted for publication-a.
19. Laborda M.A., Miller R.R. S-R associations, their extinction, and recovery: a new associative account of phobias without recall of original trauma. Behav. Ther. 2011, 42:153-169.
20. Laborda, M.A., Miller, R.R. Preventing recovery from extinction in an animal model of anxiety: I. Additive effect of massive extinction and extinction in multiple contexts, 2012.
21. Laborda, M.A., Polack, C.W., Miller, R.R. Regarding the behavioral definition and underlying mechanisms of experimental renewa, submitted for publication-b.
22. Laborda M.A., Witnauer J.E., Miller R.R. Contrasting AAC and ABC renewal: the role of contexts associations. Learn. Behav. 2011, 39:46-56.
23. McConnell B.L., Miller R.R. Protection from extinction provided by a conditioned inhibitor. Learn. Behav. 2010, 38:68-79.
24. Miguez G., Cham H.X., Miller R.R. Spontaneous recovery and ABC renewal from retroactive cue interference. Learn. Behav. 2012, 40:42-53.
25. Miller R.R., Escobar M. Associative interference between cues and between outcomes presented together and presented apart: An integration. Behav. Proc. 2002, 57:163-185.
26. Miller R.R., Laborda M.A. Preventing recovery from extinction and relapse: a product of current retrieval cues and memory strengths. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2011, 20:325-329.
27. Nelson J.B., Sanjuan M.C., Vadillo-Ruiz S., Pérez J., León S.P. Experimental renewal in human participants. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 2011, 37:58-70.
28. Pavlov I.P. 1927, (G.V. Anrep., Ed. and Trans.), Oxford University Press, London.
29. Pearce J.M. A model for stimulus generalization in Pavlovian conditioning. Psychol. Rev. 1987, 94:61-73.
30. Polack C.W., Laborda M.A., Miller R.R. Extinction context as a conditioned inhibitor. Learn. Behav. 2012, 40:24-33.
31. Powers M.B., Halpern J.M., Ferenschak M.P., Gillihan S.J., Foa E.B. A meta-analytic review of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2010, 30:635-641.
32. Rauhut A.S., Thomas B.L., Ayres J.J.B. Treatments that weaken Pavlovian conditioned fear and thwart its renewal in rats: Implications for treating human phobias. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 2001, 27:99-114.
33. Rescorla R.A. Conditioned inhibition and facilitation. Information Processing in Animals: Conditioned Inhibition 1985, 299-326. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. R.R. Miller, N.E. Spear (Eds.).
34. Rescorla R.A., Wagner A.R. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory 1972, 64-99. Appleton-Century Crofts, New York, NY. A.H. Black, W.F. Prokasy (Eds.).
35. Rosas J.M., Bouton M.E. Context change and retention interval can have additive, rather than interactive, effects after taste aversion extinction. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 1998, 5:79-83.
36. Rosas J.M., Callejas-Aguilera J.E., Ramos-Álvarez M.M., Abad M.J.F. Revision of retrieval theory of forgetting: What does make information context-specific?. Int. J. Psych. Psychol. Ther. 2006, 6:147-166.
37. Rosas J.M., Vila N.J., Lugo M., López L. Combined effect of context change and retention interval on interference in causality judgment. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 2001, 27:153-164.
38. Sissons H.T., Miller R.R. Spontaneous recovery of excitation and inhibition. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 2009, 35:419-426.
39. Spence K.W., Rutledge E.F., Talbott J.H. Effect of number of acquisition trials and the presence or absence of the UCS on extinction of the eyelid CR. J. Exp. Psychol. 1963, 66:286-291.
40. Stout S.C., Miller R.R. Sometimes-competing retrieval (SOCR): a formalization of the comparator hypothesis. Psychol. Rev. 2007, 114:759-783.
41. Tamai N., Nakajima S. Renewal of formerly conditioned fear in rats after extensive extinction training. Int. J. Comp. Psychol. 2000, 13:137-147.
42. Todd, T.P., Winterbauer, N.E., Bouton, M.E. Effects of the amount of acquisition and contextual generalization on the renewal of instrumental behavior after extinction. Learn. Behav., in press. doi:10.3758/s13420-011-005-5.
43. Urcelay G.P., Wheeler D.S., Miller R.R. Spacing extinction trials alleviates renewal and spontaneous recovery. Learn. Behav. 2009, 37:60-73.
44. Wilton R.N., Strongman K.T. Extinction performance as a function of reinforcement magnitude and number of training trials. Psychol. Rep. 1967, 20:235-238.