Reproductive competition and fecal testosterone in wild male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 721-730

  Nie, Yonggang ^a,b   Swaisgood, Ronald R ^c   Zhang, Zejun ^a,d   Liu, Xiaobin ^e   Wei, Fuwen ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c INSTITUTE FOR CONSERVATION RESEARCH   (United States)

^d CHINA WEST NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^e Foping National Nature Reserve   (China)

Author keywords

Aggression; Challenge hypothesis; Competition; Fecal testosterone; Giant panda; Reproductive behavior

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; BEAR; BIOASSAY; BODY SIZE; CONTEST COMPETITION; FECES; GPS; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MATE GUARDING; MATE LOCATION; NUTRITION; REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; TESTOSTERONE;

AILUROPODA; AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA;

EID: 84862777174     PISSN: 03405443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1320-9     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49: 227-267.
2. e. Biol Conserv 95: 303-315.
3. Archer J (1988) The behavioural biology of aggression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Barrett GM, Shimizu K, Bardi M, Asaba S, Mori A (2002) Endocrine correlates of rank, reproduction, and female-directed aggression in male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Horm Behav 42: 85-96.
5. Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Whitten PT (2006) Testosterone predicts future dominance rank and mating activity among male chacma baboons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 59: 469-479.
6. Briffa M, Sneddon LU (2007) Physiological constraints on contest behaviour. Funct Ecol 21: 627-637.
7. Charlton BD, Keating JL, Li R, Yan H, Swaisgood RR (2010) Female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) chirps advertise the caller's fertile phase. Proc R Soc Lond B 277: 1101-1106.
8. Clutton-Brock TH (1989) Mammalian mating systems. Chamba: Proc R Soc Lond B 236: 339-372.
9. Clutton-Brock TH, Albon SD (1979) The roaring of red deer and the evolution of honest advertising. Behaviour 69: 145-170.
10. Costello CM, Creel SR, Kalinowski ST, Vu NV, Quigley HB (2009) Determinants of male reproductive success in American black bears. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64: 125-134.
11. Cox C, Le Boeuf JB (1977) Female incitation of male competition, a mechanism in sexual selection. Am Nat 111: 318-335.
12. Cristobal-Azkarate J, Chavira R, Boeck L, Rodriguez-Luna E, Veal JJ (2006) Testosterone levels of free-ranging resident mantled howler monkey males in relation to the number and density of solitary males: a test of the challenge hypothesis. Horm Behav 49: 261-267.
13. Emlen ST, Oring LW (1977) Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197: 215-223.
14. Fisher DO, Lara MC (1999) Effects of body size and home range on access to mates and paternity in male bridled nailtail wallabies. Anim Behav 58: 121-130.
15. Fisher HS, Swaisgood RR, Fitch-Snyder H (2003) Odor familiarity and female preferences for males in a threatened primate, the pygmy loris, Nycticebus pygmaeus: applications for genetic management of small populations. Naturwissenschaften 90: 509-512.
16. Hirschenhauser K, Oliveira RF (2006) Social modulation of androgens in male vertebrates: meta-analyses of the challenge hypothesis. Anim Behav 71: 265-277.
17. Huntingford F, Turner A (1987) Animal conflict. Chapman & Hall, London.
18. Kersey DC (2009) Reproductive and adrenal endocrinology of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Environmental science and public policy. PhD thesis, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
19. Kersey DC, Wildt DE, Brown JL, Huang Y, Snyder RJ, Monfort SL (2010) Parallel and seasonal changes in gonadal and adrenal hormones in male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). J Mamm 91: 1496-1507.
20. Kleiman DG (1983) Ethology and reproduction of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Z Tierpsychol 62: 1-46.
21. Kleiman DG, Peters G (1990) Auditory communication in the giant panda: motivation and function. In: Asakura S, Nakagawa S (eds) Second international symposium on the giant panda. Tokyo Zoological Park Society, Tokyo, Japan, pp 107-122.
22. Kovach AI, Powell RA (2003) Effects of body size on male mating tactics and paternity in black bears, Ursus americanus. Can J Zool 81: 1257-1268.
23. Li C, Jiang Z, Jiang G, Fang J (2001) Seasonal changes of reproductive behavior and fecal steroid concentrations in Pe're David's deer. Horm Behav 40: 518-525.
24. Lynch JW, Ziegler TE, Strier KB (2002) Individual and seasonal variation in fecal testosterone and cortisol levels of wild male tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus paella nigritus. Anim Behav 41: 275-287.
25. Marler CA, Moore MC (1988) Evolutionary costs of aggression revealed by testosterone manipulations in free-living male lizards. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 23: 21-26.
26. McElligott AG, Gammell MP, Harty HC, Paini DR, Murphy DT, Walsh JT, Hayden TJ (2001) Sexual size dimorphism in fallow deer (Dama dama): do larger, heavier males gain greater mating success? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 29: 266-272.
27. Mehlman PT, Higley JD, Fernald BJ, Sallee FR, Suomi SJ, Linnoila M (1997) CSF 5-HIAA, testosterone and sociosexual behaviors in free-ranging male rhesus macaques in the mating season. Psychiat Res 72: 89-102.
28. Mills SC, Grapputo A, Koskela E, Mappes T (2007) Quantitative measure of sexual selection with respect to the operational sex ratio: a comparison of selection indices. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 274: 143-150.
29. Muller MN, Wrangham RW (2004) Dominance, aggression and testosterone in wild chimpanzees: a test of the "challenge hypothesis". Anim Behav 67: 113-123.
30. Nie Y, Zhang Z, Swaisgood RR, Wei F (2011) Effects of season and social interaction on fecal testosterone metabolites in wild male giant pandas: implications for energetics and mating strategies. Eur J Wildl Res. doi: 10. 1007/s10344-011-0569-z.
31. Oyegbile TO, Marler CA (2005) Winning fights elevates testosterone levels in California mice and enhances future ability to win fights. Horm Behav 48: 259-267.
32. Pan W, Lu Z, Zhu X, Wang D, Wang H, L Y, Fu D, Zhou X (2001) A chance for lasting survival. Peking University Press, Beijing (In Chinese).
33. Parker GA (1974) Courtship persistence and female-guarding as male time investment strategies. Behaviour 48: 157-184.
34. Parker GA, Rubenstein DI (1981) Role assessment, reserve strategy, and acquisition of information in asymmetric animal contests. Anim Behav 29: 221-240.
35. Poole JH (1989) Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants. Anim Behav 37: 842-849.
36. Ros AFH, Dieleman SJ, Groothuis TGG (2002) Social stimuli, testosterone, and aggression in gull chicks: support for the challenge hypothesis. Horm Behav 41: 334-342.
37. Rutte C, Taborsky M, Brinkhof MWG (2006) What sets the odds of winning and losing? Trends Ecol Evol 21: 16-21.
38. Sandell M (1989) The mating tactics and spacing patterns of solitary carnivores. In: Gittleman JL (ed) Carnivore behaviour, ecology, and evolution. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, pp 164-182.
39. Schaller GB, Hu J, Pan W, Zhu J (1985) The giant panda of Wolong. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
40. Schwagmeyer PL (1995) Searching today for tomorrow's mates. Anim Behav 50: 759-767.
41. State Forestry Administration, P. R. China (2006) The third national survey report on giant panda in China. Science Press Beijing (In Chinese).
42. Swaisgood RR, Lindburg DG, Zhou X, Owen MA (2000) The effects of sex, reproductive condition and context on discrimination of conspecific odours by giant pandas. Anim Behav 60: 227-237.
43. Swaisgood RR, Lindburg DG, Zhang H (2002) Discrimination of oestrous status in giant pandas via chemical cues in urine. J Zool (Lond) 257: 381-386.
44. Swaisgood RR, Lindburg DG, White AM, Zhang H, Zhou X (2004) Chemical communication in giant pandas: experimentation and application. In: Lindburg D, Baragona K (eds) Giant pandas: biology and conservation. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp 106-120.
45. Swaisgood RR, Wei F, Wildt DE, Kouba AJ, Zhang Z (2010) Giant panda conservation science: how far we have come. Biol Lett 6: 143-145.
46. Swaisgood RR, Wei F, McShea WJ, Wildt DE, Kouba AJ, Zhang Z (2011) Can science save the giant panda? Unifying science and policy in an adaptive management paradigm. Integr Zool 6: 290-296.
47. Wasser SK, Monfort SL, Southers J, Wildt DE (1994) Excretion rates and metabolites of oestradiol and progesterone in baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) faeces. J Reprod Fertil 101: 213-220.
48. Wedekind C (2002) Sexual selection and life-history decisions: implications for supportive breeding and the management of captive populations. Conserv Biol 16: 1204-1211.
49. Wei F, Hu J (1994) Studies on the reproduction of giant panda in Wolong nature reserve. Acta Theriol Sin 14: 243-248 (In Chinese).
50. Wiley RH, Poston J (1996) Indirect mate choice, competition for mates, and coevolution of the sexes. Evolution 50: 1371-1381.
51. Wingfield JC, Hegner RE, Ball GF, Dufty AM (1990) The "challenge hypothesis": theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies. Am Nat 136: 829-846.
52. Wingfield JC, Jacobs JD, Soma K, Maney DL, Hunt K, Wisti-Peterson D, Meddle SL, Ramenofsky M, Sullivan K (1999) Testosterone, aggression and communication: ecological bases of endocrine phenomena. In: Konishi M, Hauser M (eds) The biology of communication. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 255-284.
53. Yamamura N (1987) A model of correlation between precopulatory guarding and short receptivity to copulation. J Theor Biol 127: 171-180.
54. Yong Y, Wei F, Ye X, Zhang Z, Li Y (2004) Mating behaviors of wild giant panda in Foping Nature Reserve. Acta Theriol Sin 24: 346-349 (In Chinese).
55. Zhan X, Li M, Zhang Z, Goossens B, Chen Y, Wang H, Bruford MW, Wei F (2006) Molecular censusing doubles giant panda population estimate in a key nature reserve. Curr Biol 16: 451-452.