What do you want to do next: A novel approach for intent prediction in gaze-based interaction

Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 83-90

  Bednarik, Roman ^a   Vrzakova, Hana ^a   Hradis, Michal ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^b BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

activity detection; gaze based interaction; machine learning; Midas touch

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY DETECTION; DATA SETS; EVALUATION METRICS; EYE-TRACKING; FEATURE SETS; GAZE-BASED INTERACTION; LEARNING APPROACH; MIDAS TOUCH; MULTIPLE FEATURES; NORMALIZATION METHODS; OFFLINE; PERSON AUTHENTICATION; PROBLEM-SOLVING SESSIONS;

BIOMETRICS; LEARNING SYSTEMS; RESEARCH;

FORECASTING;

EID: 84862699286     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1145/2168556.2168569     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (32)

1. AJANKI, A., HARDOON, D. R., KASKI, S., PUOLAMÄKI, K., AND SHAWE-TAYLOR, J. 2009. Can eyes reveal interest? implicit queries from gaze patterns. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 19, 4, 307-339.
2. BAILEY, B. P., AND IQBAL, S. T. 2008. Understanding changes in mental workload during execution of goal-directed tasks and its application for interruption management. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 14, 4 (Jan.), 1-28.
3. BEATTY, J., AND LUCERO-WAGONER, B. 2000. The pupillary system. Cambridge University Press, ch. 6.
4. BEATTY, J. 1982. Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. Psychol Bull 91, 2 (Mar.), 276-292.
5. BEDNARIK, R., KINNUNEN, T., MIHAILA, A., AND FRÄNTI, P. 2005. Eye-movements as a biometric. In 14th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, SCIA 2005, Springer, 780-789.
6. BEDNARIK, R., GOWASES, T., AND TUKIAINEN, M. 2009. Gaze interaction enhances problem solving: Effects of dwelltime based, gaze-augmented, and mouse interaction on problemsolving strategies and user experience. Journal of Eye Movement Research 3, 1, 3-10.
7. BOGERT, B., HEALY, M., AND TUKEY, J. 1963. The quefrency alanysis of time series for echoes: Cepstrum, Pseudo-Autocovariance, Cross-Cepstrum and Saphe Cracking. In Proc. Symp. on Time Series Analysis, 209-243.
8. CHANG, C.-C., AND LIN, C.-J. 2011. LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 2, 27:1-27:27. Software available at http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm.
9. CORTES, C., AND VAPNIK, V. 1995. Support-vector networks. Machine Learning 20, 273-297. 10.1007/BF00994018.
10. DUGGAN, G. B., AND PAYNE, S. J. 2011. Skim reading by satisficing: evidence from eye tracking. In Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI '11, 1141-1150.
11. EGAN, J. P. 1975. Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis. Academic Press.
12. EIVAZI, S., AND BEDNARIK, R. 2011. Predicting Problem-Solving Behavior and Performance Levels from Visual Attention Data. In 2nd Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction at ACM IUI 2011, 9-16.
13. HUPÉ, J.-M., LAMIREL, C., AND LORENCEAU, J. 2009. Pupil dynamics during bistable motion perception. Journal of vision 9, 7 (Jan.), 10.
14. IQBAL, S. T., ZHENG, X. S., AND BAILEY, B. P. 2004. Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in humancomputer interaction. In CHI '04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, CHI EA '04, 1477-1480.
15. ISTANCE, H., BATES, R., HYRSKYKARI, A., AND VICKERS, S. 2008. Snap clutch, a moded approach to solving the midas touch problem. In Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ETRA '08, 221-228.
16. JACOB, R. J. K., AND KARN, K. S. 2003. Commentary on section 4. eye tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: Ready to deliver the promises. In The Mind's Eye: Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research. Elsevier Science, 573-605.
17. JACOB, R. J. K. 1991. The Use of Eye Movements in Interaction Techniques: What You Look At is What You Get. Human-Computer Interaction 9, 152-169.
18. JONES, E., OLIPHANT, T., PETERSON, P., ET AL., 2001-. SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python.
19. KAHNEMAN, D. 1973. Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, Nj: Prentice-Hall.
20. KANDEMIR, M., SAARINEN, V.-M., AND KASKI, S. 2010. Inferring object relevance from gaze in dynamic scenes. In ETRA '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications, 105-108.
21. KASPROWSKI, P., AND OBER, J. 2004. Eye movements in biometrics. In Biometric Authentication, D. Maltoni and A. Jain, Eds., vol. 3087 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 248-258.
22. KINNUNEN, T., SEDLAK, F., AND BEDNARIK, R. 2010. Towards task-independent person authentication using eye movement signals. In ETRA '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications, 187-190.
23. KLINGNER, J. 2010. Fixation-aligned pupillary response averaging. In Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications - ETRA '10, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, vol. 1, 275.
24. MAJARANTA, P., AND RÄIHÄ, K.-J. 2002. Twenty years of eye typing: systems and design issues. In Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ETRA '02, 15-22.
25. MIERSWA, I., WURST, M., KLINKENBERG, R., SCHOLZ, M., AND EULER, T. 2006. Yale: Rapid prototyping for complex data mining tasks. In KDD '06: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 935-940.
26. OPPENHEIM, A. V., SCHAFER, R. W., AND BUCK, J. R. 1999. Discrete-time signal processing (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
27. PROVOST, F. J., FAWCETT, T., AND KOHAVI, R. 1998. The case against accuracy estimation for comparing induction algorithms. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, ICML '98, 445-453.
28. RICHER, F., AND BEATTY, J. 1985. Pupillary dilations in movement preparation and execution. Psychophysiology 22, 2, 204-207.
29. SAKOE, H., AND CHIBA, S. 1990. Readings in speech recognition. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, ch. Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition, 159-165.
30. SALOJÄRVI, J., PUOLAMÄKI, K., SIMOLA, J., KOVANEN, L., KOJO, I., AND KASKI, S. 2005. Inferring relevance from eye movements: Feature extraction. In Helsinki University of Technology, No, 2005.
31. SIMOLA, J., SALOJÄRVI, J., AND KOJO, I. 2008. Using hidden markov model to uncover processing states from eye movements in information search tasks. Cognitive Systems Research 9, 4, 237-251.
32. TOBII TECHNOLOGY AB, 2008. Clearview 2.7 eye gaze analysis software. http://www.tobii.com/scientific-research/.