The chimpanzee GH locus: Composition, organization, and evolution

Mammalian Genome

Volumn 23, Issue 5-6, 2012, Pages 387-398

  Pérez Maya, Antonio A ^a   Rodríguez Sánchez, Irám P ^a   De Jong, Pieter ^b   Wallis, Michael ^c   Barrera Saldaña, Hugo A ^a  

^a Medicina UANL   (Mexico)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OAKLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENOMIC DNA; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE LIKE PROTEIN; PLACENTA LACTOGEN; PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE;

ARTICLE; CHIMPANZEE; CSH A1 GENE; CSH A2 GENE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENE; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE CLUSTER; GENE CONTROL; GENE CONVERSION; GENE DUPLICATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LOCUS; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; GH GENE; HCSH L GENE; HETEROZYGOSITY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PROMOTER REGION; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CSH L GENE; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENETIC SCREENING; GH N GENE; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PSEUDOGENE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; CLASSIFICATION; GENETICS; MALE; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PAN TROGLODYTES; PHYLOGENY; PRIMATE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;

MAMMALIA; PAN; PRIMATES;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENETIC LOCI; GROWTH HORMONE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; MALE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PAN TROGLODYTES; PHYLOGENY; PRIMATES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;

EID: 84862591269     PISSN: 09388990     EISSN: 14321777     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9392-4     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403-410
2. Barrera-Saldaña HA, Seeburg PH, Saunders GF (1983) Two structurally different genes produce the same secreted human placental lactogen hormone. J Biol Chem 258:3787-3793
3. Chen EY, Liao YC, Smith DH, Barrera-Saldana HA, Gelinas RE, Seeburg PH (1989) The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and evolution. Genomics 4:479-497
4. de Vos AM, Ultsch M, Kossiakoff AA (1992) Human growth hormone and extracellular domain of its receptor: crystal structure of the complex. Science 255:306-312
5. Eberhardt NL, Jiang SW, Shepard AR, Arnold AM, Trujillo MA (1996) Hormonal and cell-specific regulation of the human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 54:127-163
6. Elefant F, Su Y, Liebhaber SA, Cooke NE (2000) Patterns of histone acetylation suggest dual pathways for gene activation by a bifunctional locus control region. EMBO J 19:6814-6822
7. Forsyth IA, Wallis M (2002) Growth hormone and prolactin - molecular and functional evolution. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 7:291-312
8. Frankenne F, Closset J, Gomez F, Scippo ML, Smal J, Hennen G (1988) The physiology of growth hormones (GHs) in pregnant women and partial characterization of the placental GH variant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66:1171-1180
9. Glass CK, Franco C, Weinberger C, Albert VR, Evans RM, Rosenfeld MG (1987) A c-erb-A binding-site in rat growth hormone gene mediates trans-activation by thyroid-hormone. Nature 329:738-741
10. Golos TG, Durning M, Fisher JM, Fowler PD (1993) Cloning of four GH/chorionic somatomammotropin-related complementary deoxyribonucleic acids differentially expressed during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey placenta. Endocrinology 133:1744-1752
11. González Alvarez R, Revol de Mendoza A, Esquivel Escobedo D, Corrales Félix G, Rodríguez Sánchez I, González V, Dávila G, Cao Q, de Jong P, Fu YX, Barrera Saldaña HA (2006) Growth hormone locus expands and diverges after the separation of New and Old World Monkeys. Gene 380:38-45
12. Higgins DG, Sharp PM (1988) CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer. Gene 73:237-244
13. Ho Y, Liebhaber SA, Cooke NE (2004) Activation of the human GH gene cluster: roles for targeted chromatin modification. Trends Endocrinol Metab 15:40-45
14. Jacquemin P, Oury C, Peers B, Morin A, Belayew A, Martial JA (1994) Characterization of a single strong tissue-specific enhancer downstream from the three human genes encoding placental lactogen. Mol Cell Biol 14:93-103
15. Jacquemin P, Alsat E, Oury C, Belayew A, Muller M, Evain-Brion D, Martial JA (1996) The enhancers of the human placental lactogen B, A, and L genes: progressive activation during in vitro trophoblast differentiation and importance of the DF-3 element in determining their respective activities. DNA Cell Biol 15:845-854
16. Jiang SW, Shepard AR, Eberhardt NL (1995) An initiator element is required for maximal human chorionic somatomammotropin gene promoter and enhancer function. J Biol Chem 270:3683-3692
17. Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Cooper DN (2007) Understanding the recent evolution of the human genome: insights from human-chimpanzee genome comparisons. Human Mutat 28:99-130
18. Kent WJ (2002) BLAT - the BLAST-like alignment tool. Genome Res 12:656-664
19. Krawczak M, Chuzhanova NA, Cooper DN (1999) Evolution of the proximal promoter region of the mammalian growth hormone gene. Gene 237:143-151
20. Lacroix MC, Guibourdenche J, Frendo JL, Muller F, Evain-Brion D (2002) Human placental growth hormone - a review. Placenta 23(Suppl A):S87-S94
21. Leidig F, Shepard AR, Zhang W, Stelter A, Cattini PA, Baxter JD, Eberhardt NL (1992) Thyroid hormone responsiveness in human growth hormone-related genes. Possible correlation with receptor-induced DNA conformational changes. J Biol Chem 267:913-921
22. Lemaigre FP, Courtois SJ, Lafontaine DA, Rousseau GG (1989) Evidence that the upstream stimulatory factor and the Spl transcription factor bind in vitro to the promoter of the human-growth-hormone gene. Eur J Biochem 181:555-561
23. Li Y, Ye C, Shi P, Zou XJ, Xiao R, Gong YY, Zhang YP (2005) Independent origin of the growth hormone gene family in New World monkeys and Old World monkeys/hominoids. J Mol Endocrinol 35:399-409
24. Liu JC, Makova KD, Adkins RM, Gibson S, Li WH (2001) Episodic evolution of growth hormone in primates and emergence of the species specificity of human growth hormone receptor. Mol Biol Evol 18:945-953
25. Lytras A, Surabhi RM, Zhang JF, Jin Y, Cattini PA (1996) 'Repair' of the chorionic somatomammotropin-A 'enhancer' region reveals a novel functional element in the chorionic somatomammotropin-B enhancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 119:1-10
26. Männik J, Vaas P, Rull K, Teesalu P, Rebane T, Laan M (2010) Differential expression profile of growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin genes in placenta of small- and large-for-gestational-age newborns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:2433-2442
27. Mikkelsen TS et al (2005) Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. Nature 437:69-87
28. Misra-Press A, Cooke NE, Liebhaber SA (1994) Complex alternative splicing partially inactivates the human chorionic somatomammotropin-like (hCS-L) gene. J Biol Chem 269:23220-23229
29. Norquay LD, Yang X, Jin Y, Detillieux KA, Cattini PA (2006) Hepatocyte nuclear factor-3a binding at P sequences of the human growth hormone locus is associated with pituitary repressor function. Mol Endocrinol 20:598-607
30. Papper Z, Jameson NM, Romero R, Weckle AL, Mittal P, Benirschke K, Santolaya-Forgas J, Uddin M, Haig D, Goodman M, Wildman DE (2009) Ancient origin of placental expression in the growth hormone genes of anthropoid primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:17083-17088
31. Reséndez-Pérez D, Ramirez-Solís R, Varela-Echavarría A, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Barrera-Saldaña HA (1990) Coding potential of transfected human placental lactogen genes. Nucl Acids Res 18:4665-4670
32. Revol de Mendoza A, Esquivel Escobedo D, Santiago Alarcón D, Barrera Saldaña H (2001) Independent duplication of the growth hormone gene in three anthropoidean lineages. J Endocr Gen 2:151-159
33. Revol de Mendoza A, Esquivel Escobedo D, Martínez Dávila I, Barrera Saldaña H (2004) Expansion and divergence of the GH locus between spider monkey and chimpanzee. Gene 336:185-193
34. Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Tejero ME, Cole SA, Comuzzie AG, Nathanielsz PW, Wallis M, Barrera-Saldaña HA (2010) Growth hormone-related genes from baboon (Papio hamadryas): characterization, placental expression and evolutionary aspects. Gene 450:1-7
35. Rogers BL, Sobnosky MG, Saunders GF (1986) Transcriptional enhancer within the human placental-lactogen and growth-hormone multigene cluster. Nucl Acids Res 14:7647-7659
36. Sawyer SA (1999) GENECONV: a computer package for the statistical detection of gene conversion. Distributed by the author, Department of Mathematics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO. Available at: http://www.math.wustl.edu/~sawyer/geneconv. Accessed 20 Jan 2012
37. Slater EP, Rabenau O, Karin M, Baxter JD, Beato M (1985) Glucocorticoid receptor binding and activation of a heterologous promoter by dexamethasone by the first intron of the human growth hormone gene. Mol Cell Biol 5(11):2984-2992
38. Smit AFA, Hubley R, Green P (1996-2010) RepeatMasker Open-3.0. Available at http://www.repeatmasker.org
39. Swofford DL (1998) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and Other Methods), ver. 4. Sinauer, Sunderland
40. Theill LE, Karin M (1993) Transcriptional control of GH expression and anterior pituitary development. Endocr Rev 14:670-689
41. Walker WH, Fitzpatrick SL, Saunders GF (1990) Human placental-lactogen transcriptional enhancer-tissue-specificity and binding with specific proteins. J Biol Chem 265:12940-12948
42. Wallis M (1996) The molecular evolution of vertebrate growth hormones: a pattern of near-stasis interrupted by sustained bursts of rapid change. J Mol Evol 43:93-100
43. Wallis M (2008) Mammalian genome projects reveal new growth hormone (GH) sequences. Characterization of the GH-encoding genes of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), bat (Myotis lucifugus), hyrax (Procavia capensis), shrew (Sorex araneus), ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), elephant (Loxodonta africana), cat (Felis catus) and opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 155:271-279
44. Wallis OC, Wallis M (2002) Characterisation of the GH gene cluster in a new-world monkey, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Mol Endocrinol 29:89-97
45. Wallis OC, Wallis M (2006) Evolution of growth hormone in primates: the GH gene clusters of the New World monkeys marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons). J Mol Evol 63:591-601
46. Wallis OC, Zhang YP, Wallis M (2001) Molecular evolution of GH in primates: characterization of the GH genes from slow loris and marmoset defines an episode of rapid evolutionary change. J Mol Endocrinol 26:249-258
47. Yang Z (2007) PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol Biol Evol 24:1586-1591
48. Ye C, Li Y, Shi P, Zhang YP (2005) Molecular evolution of growth hormone gene family in old world monkeys and hominoids. Gene 350:183-192