메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 777-794

Selection on flowering time in Mediterranean high-mountain plants under global warming

Author keywords

Alpine plants; Altitudinal gradients; Flowering phenology; Phenotypic selection

Indexed keywords

MAGNOLIOPHYTA;

EID: 84862532835     PISSN: 02697653     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9440-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0031399004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to simulated climatic change in an alpine and subarctic pollen-risk strategist, Silene acaulis
    • Alatalo JM, Totland Ø (2003) Response to simulated climatic change in an alpine and subarctic pollen-risk strategist, Silene acaulis. Glob Change Biol 3:74-79
    • (2003) Glob Change Biol , vol.3 , pp. 74-79
    • Alatalo, J.M.1    Totland, Ø.2
  • 2
    • 38749149554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting components of flowering pattern: Size effects on female fitness
    • Albert MJ, Iriondo JM, Escudero A et al (2008) Dissecting components of flowering pattern: size effects on female fitness. Bot J Linn Soc 156:227-236
    • (2008) Bot J Linn Soc , vol.156 , pp. 227-236
    • Albert, M.J.1    Iriondo, J.M.2    Escudero, A.3
  • 4
    • 0021538334 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of natural and sexual selection: Applications
    • Arnold SJ, Wade MJ (1984a) On the measurement of natural and sexual selection: Applications. Evolution 38:720-734
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 720-734
    • Arnold, S.J.1    Wade, M.J.2
  • 5
    • 0021570111 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of natural and sexual selection: Theory
    • Arnold SJ, Wade MJ (1984b) On the measurement of natural and sexual selection: Theory. Evolution 38:709-719
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 709-719
    • Arnold, S.J.1    Wade, M.J.2
  • 6
    • 8544234983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic change at high elevation sites: An overview
    • Beniston M, Diaz HF, Bradley RS (1997) Climatic change at high elevation sites: an overview. Clim Change 36:233-251
    • (1997) Clim Change , vol.36 , pp. 233-251
    • Beniston, M.1    Diaz, H.F.2    Bradley, R.S.3
  • 7
    • 33745005950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary response to rapid climate change
    • Bradshaw WE, Holzapfel CM (2006) Evolutionary response to rapid climate change. Science 312:1477-1478
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 1477-1478
    • Bradshaw, W.E.1    Holzapfel, C.M.2
  • 8
    • 0030613588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pollinators, herbivores and seed predators on flowering phenology
    • Brody AK (1997) Effects of pollinators, herbivores and seed predators on flowering phenology. Ecology 78:1624-1631
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1624-1631
    • Brody, A.K.1
  • 9
    • 36348960772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial selection shifts flowering phenology and other correlated traits in an autotetraploid herb
    • Burgess KS, Etterson JR, Galloway LF (2007) Artificial selection shifts flowering phenology and other correlated traits in an autotetraploid herb. Heredity 99:641-648
    • (2007) Heredity , vol.99 , pp. 641-648
    • Burgess, K.S.1    Etterson, J.R.2    Galloway, L.F.3
  • 10
    • 1542424574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding natural selection: An approach integrating selection gradients, multiplicative fitness components, and path analysis
    • Conner JK (1996) Understanding natural selection: an approach integrating selection gradients, multiplicative fitness components, and path analysis. Ethol Ecol Evol 8:387-397
    • (1996) Ethol Ecol Evol , vol.8 , pp. 387-397
    • Conner, J.K.1
  • 11
    • 0027950818 scopus 로고
    • Experimental control of floral reversion in isolated shoot apices of the longday plant Silene coeli-rosa
    • Donnison IS, Francis D (1994) Experimental control of floral reversion in isolated shoot apices of the longday plant Silene coeli-rosa. Physiol Plant 92:329-335
    • (1994) Physiol Plant , vol.92 , pp. 329-335
    • Donnison, I.S.1    Francis, D.2
  • 12
    • 15944417886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niche construction through phenological plasticity: Life history dynamics and ecological consequences
    • Donohue K (2005) Niche construction through phenological plasticity: life history dynamics and ecological consequences. New Phytol 166:83-92
    • (2005) New Phytol , vol.166 , pp. 83-92
    • Donohue, K.1
  • 13
    • 0037325081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subalpine meadow flowering phenology responses to climate change: Integrating experimental and gradient methods
    • Dunne JA, Harte J, Taylor KJ (2003) Subalpine meadow flowering phenology responses to climate change: integrating experimental and gradient methods. Ecol Monogr 73:69-86
    • (2003) Ecol Monogr , vol.73 , pp. 69-86
    • Dunne, J.A.1    Harte, J.2    Taylor, K.J.3
  • 14
    • 0037202179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability and trends in the annual snow cover cycle in Northern Hemisphere land areas, 1972-2000
    • Dye DG (2002) Variability and trends in the annual snow cover cycle in Northern Hemisphere land areas, 1972-2000. Hydrol Proc 16:3065-3077
    • (2002) Hydrol Proc , vol.16 , pp. 3065-3077
    • Dye, D.G.1
  • 15
    • 67650233942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of flowering: Opposed selection on different fitness components and trait covariation
    • Ehrlén J, Munzbergová Z (2009) Timing of flowering: Opposed selection on different fitness components and trait covariation. Am Nat 173:819-830
    • (2009) Am Nat , vol.173 , pp. 819-830
    • Ehrlén, J.1    Munzbergová, Z.2
  • 16
    • 34447340645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time after time: Flowering phenology and biotic interactions
    • Elzinga JA, Atlan A, Biere A et al (2007) Time after time: flowering phenology and biotic interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 22:432-439
    • (2007) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 432-439
    • Elzinga, J.A.1    Atlan, A.2    Biere, A.3
  • 17
    • 0027385714 scopus 로고
    • Short-term responses of alpine buttercups to experimental manipulations of growing season length
    • Galen C, Stanton ML (1993) Short-term responses of alpine buttercups to experimental manipulations of growing season length. Ecology 74:1052-1058
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1052-1058
    • Galen, C.1    Stanton, M.L.2
  • 18
    • 0028975224 scopus 로고
    • Responses of snowbed plant species to changes in growing season length
    • Galen C, Stanton ML (1995) Responses of snowbed plant species to changes in growing season length. Ecology 76:1546-1557
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1546-1557
    • Galen, C.1    Stanton, M.L.2
  • 19
    • 67650497791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproduction of an early-flowering Mediterranean mountain narrow endemic (Armeria caespitosa) in a contracting mountain island
    • García-Camacho R, Escudero A (2009) Reproduction of an early-flowering Mediterranean mountain narrow endemic (Armeria caespitosa) in a contracting mountain island. Plant Biol 11:515-525
    • (2009) Plant Biol , vol.11 , pp. 515-525
    • García-Camacho, R.1    Escudero, A.2
  • 20
    • 70349653968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollination context effects in the high-mountain dimorphic Armeria caespitosa (Plumbaginaceae): Neighborhood is something more than density
    • García-Camacho R, Méndez M, Escudero A (2009) Pollination context effects in the high-mountain dimorphic Armeria caespitosa (Plumbaginaceae): neighborhood is something more than density. Am J Bot 96:1620-1626
    • (2009) Am J Bot , vol.96 , pp. 1620-1626
    • García-Camacho, R.1    Méndez, M.2    Escudero, A.3
  • 21
    • 34548040678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalist diurnal pollination provides greater fitness in a plant with nocturnal pollination syndrome: Assessing the effects of a Silene-Hadena interaction
    • Giménez-Benavides L, Dotterl S, Jurgens A et al (2007a) Generalist diurnal pollination provides greater fitness in a plant with nocturnal pollination syndrome: assessing the effects of a Silene-Hadena interaction. Oikos 116:1461-1472
    • (2007) Oikos , vol.116 , pp. 1461-1472
    • Giménez-Benavides, L.1    Dotterl, S.2    Jurgens, A.3
  • 22
    • 33845627040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive limits of a late-flowering highmountain Mediterranean plant along an elevational climate gradient
    • Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Iriondo JM (2007b) Reproductive limits of a late-flowering highmountain Mediterranean plant along an elevational climate gradient. New Phytol 173:367-382
    • (2007) New Phytol , vol.173 , pp. 367-382
    • Giménez-Benavides, L.1    Escudero, A.2    Iriondo, J.M.3
  • 23
    • 34249936529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local adaptation enhances seedling recruitment along an altitudinal gradient in a high mountain Mediterranean plant
    • Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Iriondo JM (2007c) Local adaptation enhances seedling recruitment along an altitudinal gradient in a high mountain Mediterranean plant. Ann Bot 99:723-734
    • (2007) Ann Bot , vol.99 , pp. 723-734
    • Giménez-Benavides, L.1    Escudero, A.2    Iriondo, J.M.3
  • 24
    • 58549114868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What shapes the altitudinal range of a high mountain Mediterranean plant? Recruitment probabilities from ovule to seedling stage
    • Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Iriondo JM (2008) What shapes the altitudinal range of a high mountain Mediterranean plant? Recruitment probabilities from ovule to seedling stage. Ecography 31:731-740
    • (2008) Ecography , vol.31 , pp. 731-740
    • Giménez-Benavides, L.1    Escudero, A.2    Iriondo, J.M.3
  • 25
    • 84894906680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic processes of upward range contraction in a long-lived Mediterranean high mountain plant
    • in press
    • Giménez-Benavides L, Albert MJ, Iriondo JM et al. (2010) Demographic processes of upward range contraction in a long-lived Mediterranean high mountain plant. Ecography (in press)
    • (2010) Ecography
    • Giménez-Benavides, L.1    Albert, M.J.2    Iriondo, J.M.3
  • 26
    • 40449088880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential conflicting selection due to multispecific interactions triggers evolutionary trade-offs in a monocarpic herb
    • Gómez JM (2008) Sequential conflicting selection due to multispecific interactions triggers evolutionary trade-offs in a monocarpic herb. Evolution 62:668-679
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 668-679
    • Gómez, J.M.1
  • 27
    • 0034022087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in the selective scenarios of Hormathophylla spinosa (Cruciferae)
    • Gómez JM, Zamora R (2000) Spatial variation in the selective scenarios of Hormathophylla spinosa (Cruciferae). Am Nat 155:657-668
    • (2000) Am Nat , vol.155 , pp. 657-668
    • Gómez, J.M.1    Zamora, R.2
  • 28
    • 66149096222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geographic selection mosaic in a generalized plant-pollinatorherbivore system
    • Gómez JM, Perfectti F, Bosch J et al (2009) A geographic selection mosaic in a generalized plant-pollinatorherbivore system. Ecol Monogr 79:245-263
    • (2009) Ecol Monogr , vol.79 , pp. 245-263
    • Gómez, J.M.1    Perfectti, F.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 29
    • 0028237912 scopus 로고
    • Climate effects on mountain plants
    • Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (1994) Climate effects on mountain plants. Nature 369:448
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 448
    • Grabherr, G.1    Gottfried, M.2    Pauli, H.3
  • 31
    • 58249105086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does global warming affect plant-pollinator interactions?
    • Hegland SJ, Nielsen A, Lázaro A et al (2009) How does global warming affect plant-pollinator interactions? Ecol Lett 12:184-195
    • (2009) Ecol Lett , vol.12 , pp. 184-195
    • Hegland, S.J.1    Nielsen, A.2    Lázaro, A.3
  • 32
    • 0001488412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The performance of ML, GLS, and WLS estimation in structural equation modeling under conditions of misspecification and nonnormality
    • Henning Olson U, Foss T, Troye SW et al (2000) The performance of ML, GLS, and WLS estimation in structural equation modeling under conditions of misspecification and nonnormality. Struct Equ Model 7:557-595
    • (2000) Struct Equ Model , vol.7 , pp. 557-595
    • Henning, O.U.1    Foss, T.2    Troye, S.W.3
  • 33
    • 42249114531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change on phenology, frost damage and floral abundance of montane wildflowers
    • Inouye D (2008) Effects of climate change on phenology, frost damage and floral abundance of montane wildflowers. Ecology 89:353-362
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 353-362
    • Inouye, D.1
  • 34
    • 0036934301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in timing and abundance of flowering by Delphinium barbeyi Huth (Ranunculaceae), the roles of snowpack, frost and La Niña, in the context of climate change
    • Inouye DW, Morales MA, Dodge GJ (2002) Variation in timing and abundance of flowering by Delphinium barbeyi Huth (Ranunculaceae), the roles of snowpack, frost and La Niña, in the context of climate change. Oecologia 130:543-550
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.130 , pp. 543-550
    • Inouye, D.W.1    Morales, M.A.2    Dodge, G.J.3
  • 35
    • 24344479539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Running to stand still: Adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climate change
    • Jump AS, Peñuelas J (2005) Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climate change. Ecol Lett 8:1010-1020
    • (2005) Ecol Lett , vol.8 , pp. 1010-1020
    • Jump, A.S.1    Peñuelas, J.2
  • 36
    • 50149112399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change
    • Kelly AE, Goulden ML (2008) Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:11823-11826
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 11823-11826
    • Kelly, A.E.1    Goulden, M.L.2
  • 37
    • 0037238690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants
    • Klanderud K, Birks HJ (2003) Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants. Holocene 13:1-6
    • (2003) Holocene , vol.13 , pp. 1-6
    • Klanderud, K.1    Birks, H.J.2
  • 38
    • 0026273809 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods to partition selection acting via components of fitness: Do larger male bullfrogs have greater hatching success?
    • Koenig WD, Albano SS, Dickinson JL (1991) A comparison of methods to partition selection acting via components of fitness: do larger male bullfrogs have greater hatching success? J Evol Biol 4:309-320
    • (1991) J Evol Biol , vol.4 , pp. 309-320
    • Koenig, W.D.1    Albano, S.S.2    Dickinson, J.L.3
  • 39
    • 36248950165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of 'altitude' in ecological research
    • Korner C (2007) The use of 'altitude' in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol 22:569-574
    • (2007) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 569-574
    • Korner, C.1
  • 40
    • 0026314192 scopus 로고
    • Effects of snow-free period on the phenology of alpine plants inhabiting snow patches
    • Kudo G (1991) Effects of snow-free period on the phenology of alpine plants inhabiting snow patches. Arct Antarct Alp Res 23:436-443
    • (1991) Arct Antarct Alp Res , vol.23 , pp. 436-443
    • Kudo, G.1
  • 41
    • 0027332997 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between flowering time and fruit set of the entomophilous alpine shrub, Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae), inhabiting snow patches
    • Kudo G (1993) Relationship between flowering time and fruit set of the entomophilous alpine shrub, Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae), inhabiting snow patches. Am J Bot 80:1300-1304
    • (1993) Am J Bot , vol.80 , pp. 1300-1304
    • Kudo, G.1
  • 42
    • 31544434554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat-specific responses in the flowering phenology and seed set of alpine plants to climate variation: Implications for global-change impacts
    • Kudo G, Hirao AS (2006) Habitat-specific responses in the flowering phenology and seed set of alpine plants to climate variation: implications for global-change impacts. Popul Ecol 48:49-58
    • (2006) Popul Ecol , vol.48 , pp. 49-58
    • Kudo, G.1    Hirao, A.S.2
  • 43
    • 0001214721 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of selection on correlated characters
    • Lande R, Arnold SJ (1983) The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37:1210-1226
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1210-1226
    • Lande, R.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 44
    • 0001685062 scopus 로고
    • The effect of gibberellin upon flower formation
    • Lang A (1957) The effect of gibberellin upon flower formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 43:709-717
    • (1957) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.43 , pp. 709-717
    • Lang, A.1
  • 45
    • 0027332931 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between flowering phenology and life-history strategies in tundra plants
    • Molau U (1993) Relationships between flowering phenology and life-history strategies in tundra plants. Arct Alp Res 25:391-402
    • (1993) Arct Alp Res , vol.25 , pp. 391-402
    • Molau, U.1
  • 46
    • 14644394329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland
    • Molau U, Nordenhall U, Eriksen B (2005) Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland. Am J Bot 92:422-431
    • (2005) Am J Bot , vol.92 , pp. 422-431
    • Molau, U.1    Nordenhall, U.2    Eriksen, B.3
  • 47
    • 34250658393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of global mountain systems to climate change during the 21st century
    • Nogués-Bravo D, Araújo MB, Martinez-Rica JP et al (2007) Exposure of global mountain systems to climate change during the 21st century. Glob Environ Change 17:420-428
    • (2007) Glob Environ Change , vol.17 , pp. 420-428
    • Nogués-Bravo, D.1    Araújo, M.B.2    Martinez-Rica, J.P.3
  • 48
    • 84894900368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change in Mediterranean mountains during the XXIst century
    • Nogués-Bravo D, Araújo MB, Lasanta T et al (2008) Climate change in Mediterranean mountains during the XXIst century. Ambio 37:380-385
    • (2008) Ambio , vol.37 , pp. 380-385
    • Nogués-Bravo, D.1    Araújo, M.B.2    Lasanta, T.3
  • 49
    • 0033951530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivory and natural selection on flowering phenology in wild sunflower, Helianthus annuus
    • Pilson D (2000) Herbivory and natural selection on flowering phenology in wild sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Oecologia 122:72-82
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.122 , pp. 72-82
    • Pilson, D.1
  • 50
    • 0031870414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in a subalpine meadow
    • Price MV, Waser NM (1998) Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in a subalpine meadow. Ecology 79:1261-1271
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1261-1271
    • Price, M.V.1    Waser, N.M.2
  • 51
    • 64749106924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinator-mediated selection on floral display and flowering time in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata
    • Sandring S, Agren J (2009) Pollinator-mediated selection on floral display and flowering time in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata. Evolution 63:1292-1300
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 1292-1300
    • Sandring, S.1    Agren, J.2
  • 52
    • 33847012074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection on flowering time and floral display in an alpine and a lowland population of Arabidopsis lyrata
    • Sandring S, Riihimäki M, Savolainen O et al (2007) Selection on flowering time and floral display in an alpine and a lowland population of Arabidopsis lyrata. J Evol Biol 20:558-567
    • (2007) J Evol Biol , vol.20 , pp. 558-567
    • Sandring, S.1    Riihimäki, M.2    Savolainen, O.3
  • 54
    • 1542280010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves
    • Schär C, Vidale PL, Luthi et al (2004) The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature 427:332-336
    • (2004) Nature , vol.427 , pp. 332-336
    • Schär, C.1    Vidale, P.L.2    Luthi3
  • 55
  • 57
    • 0034067849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution in stressful environments. I. Phenotypic variability, phenotypic selection and response to selection in five distinct environmental stresses
    • Stanton ML, Roy BA, Thiede DA (2000) Evolution in stressful environments. I. Phenotypic variability, phenotypic selection and response to selection in five distinct environmental stresses. Evolution 54:93-111
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 93-111
    • Stanton, M.L.1    Roy, B.A.2    Thiede, D.A.3
  • 58
    • 0027036314 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive ecology of Saxifraga oppositifolia: Phenology, mating system and reproductive success
    • Stenstrom M, Molau U (1992) Reproductive ecology of Saxifraga oppositifolia: phenology, mating system and reproductive success. Arct Antarct Alp Res 24:337-343
    • (1992) Arct Antarct Alp Res , vol.24 , pp. 337-343
    • Stenstrom, M.1    Molau, U.2
  • 59
    • 4544363388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection favors rapid reproductive phenology in Potentilla pulcherrima (Rosaceae) at opposite ends of a subalpine snowmelt gradient
    • Stinson KA (2004) Natural selection favors rapid reproductive phenology in Potentilla pulcherrima (Rosaceae) at opposite ends of a subalpine snowmelt gradient. Am J Bot 91:531-539
    • (2004) Am J Bot , vol.91 , pp. 531-539
    • Stinson, K.A.1
  • 60
    • 3543020519 scopus 로고
    • Gibberelins and stem growth as related to photoperiod in Silene armeria L
    • Talon M, Zeewaart JAD (1990) Gibberelins and stem growth as related to photoperiod in Silene armeria L. Plant Physiol 92:1094-1100
    • (1990) Plant Physiol , vol.92 , pp. 1094-1100
    • Talon, M.1    Zeewaart, J.A.D.2
  • 61
    • 84855726604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
    • R Development Core Team, Available from, Accessed July 2010
    • R Development Core Team (2010) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria. Available from http://www.R-project.org (Accessed July 2010)
    • (2010) R Foundation For Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria
  • 62
    • 0034923809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: A review
    • Theurillat JP, Guisan A (2001) Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: a review. Clim Change 50:77-109
    • (2001) Clim Change , vol.50 , pp. 77-109
    • Theurillat, J.P.1    Guisan, A.2
  • 63
    • 20444364191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe
    • Thuiller W, Lavorel S, Araújo MB et al (2005) Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:8245-8250
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 8245-8250
    • Thuiller, W.1    Lavorel, S.2    Araújo, M.B.3
  • 64
    • 0028180940 scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal variation in pollination intensity and seed set in an alpine population of Ranunculus acris in southwestern Norway
    • Totland Ø (1994) Intraseasonal variation in pollination intensity and seed set in an alpine population of Ranunculus acris in southwestern Norway. Ecography 17:159-165
    • (1994) Ecography , vol.17 , pp. 159-165
    • Totland, Ø.1
  • 65
    • 0030847341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of flowering time and temperature on growth and reproduction in Leontodon autumnalis var. taraxaci a late-flowering alpine plant
    • Totland Ø (1997) Effects of flowering time and temperature on growth and reproduction in Leontodon autumnalis var. taraxaci a late-flowering alpine plant. Arct Alp Res 29:285-290
    • (1997) Arct Alp Res , vol.29 , pp. 285-290
    • Totland, Ø.1
  • 66
    • 0032791891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature on performance and phenotypic selection on plant traits in alpine Ranunculus acris
    • Totland Ø (1999) Effects of temperature on performance and phenotypic selection on plant traits in alpine Ranunculus acris. Oecologia 120:242-252
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , pp. 242-252
    • Totland, Ø.1
  • 67
    • 0034891677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment-dependent pollen limitation and selection on floral traits in an alpine species
    • Totland Ø (2001) Environment-dependent pollen limitation and selection on floral traits in an alpine species. Ecology 82:2233-2244
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 2233-2244
    • Totland, Ø.1
  • 68
    • 0037541788 scopus 로고
    • The additive partitioning of selection gradients
    • Wade MJ, Kalisz S (1989) The additive partitioning of selection gradients. Evolution 43:1567-1569
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1567-1569
    • Wade, M.J.1    Kalisz, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.