The impact of rapid early- to mid-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes on Neolithic settlement at Nea Nikomideia, Thessaloniki Plain, Greece

Quaternary International

Volumn 266, Issue , 2012, Pages 47-61

  Ghilardi, Matthieu ^a   Psomiadis, David ^b   Cordier, Stéphane ^c   Delanghe Sabatier, Doriane ^a   Demory, François ^a   Hamidi, Fatiha ^d   Paraschou, Theodoros ^e   Dotsika, Elissavet ^b   Fouache, Eric ^f  

^a CEREGE   (France)

^b INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Greece)

^c LABORATOIRE DE GÉOGRAPHIE PHYSIQUE   (France)

^d SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^e ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^f UNIVERSITÉ PARIS OUEST NANTERRE LA DÉFENSE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; FACIES ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; NEOLITHIC; PALEOENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENT CORE; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SETTLEMENT HISTORY; SETTLEMENT PATTERN;

BALKANS; CENTRAL MACEDONIA; GREECE; THESSALONIKI [CENTRAL MACEDONIA];

THESSALONIKI;

EID: 84862509887     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.016     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Alley R.B., Mayewski P.A., Sowers T., Stuiver M., Taylor K.C., Clark P.U. Holocene climatic instability: a prominent widespread event 8200 years ago. Geology 1997, 25:483-486.
2. Ancel J., 1930. La Macédoine, étude de la colonisation contemporaine. Delagrave, Paris, p. 352, Phd thesis.
3. Andreou S., Fotiadis M., Kotsakis K. Review of Aegean Prehistory V : the Neolithic and Bronze Age of Northern Greece. American Journal of Archaeology 1996, 100:537-597.
4. Andrews J.E., Pedley H.M., Dennis P.F. Stable isotope records of palaeoclimatic change in a British Holocene tufa. Holocene 1994, 4:349-355.
5. Bar-Matthews M., Ayalon A., Kaufman A., Wasserburg G.J. The Eastern Mediterranean paleoclimate as a reflection of regional events: Soreq cave, Israel. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 166(1-2):85-95.
6. Bengtsson L., Enell M. Chemical analysis. Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology 1986, 423-451. John Wiley & Sons Ldt, Chichester. B.E. Berglund (Ed.).
7. Berger J.-F., Guilaine J. The 8200 cal BP abrupt environmental change and the Neolithic transition: a Mediterranean perspective. Quaternary International 2009, 200(1-3):31-49.
8. Bintliff J. The Plain of Western Macedonia and the Neolithic Site of Nea Nikomedeia 1976, vol. 42. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, pp. 241-62.
9. Blott S.J., Croft D.J., Pye K., Saye S.E., Wilson H.E. Particle size analysis by laser diffraction. Forensic Geoscience: Principles, Techniques and Applications 2004, vol. 232:63-73. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. K. Pye, D.J. Croft (Eds.).
10. Boutton T.W. Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials: II. Atmospheric, terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments. Carbon Isotope Techniques 1991, 173-486. Academic Press, New York. C. Coleman, B. Fry (Eds.).
11. Buurman P., Pape T., Muggler R.C.C. Laser grain-size determination in soil genetic studies: Practical problems. Soil Science 1996, 162:211-218.
12. Buurman P., de Boer K., Pape Th. Laser Diffraction grain-size characteristics of Andisols in perhumid Costa Rica: the aggregate size of allophane. Geoderma 1997, 78:71-91.
13. Casford J.S.L., Rohling E.J., Abu-Zied R.H., Cooke S., Fontanier C., Leng M., Lykousis V. Circulation changes and nutrient concentrations in the late quaternary Aegean Sea: a nonsteady state concept for sapropel formation. Paleoceanography 2002, 17:1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000601.
14. Casford J.S.L., Rohling E.J., Abu-Zied R.H., Jorissen F.J., Leng M., Thomson J. A dynamic concept for eastern Mediterranean circulation and oxygenation during sapropel formation. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 2003, 190:103-119.
15. Casson S. Note on the ancient sites in the area occupied by the British Salonika force during the campaign 1916-1918. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 1917, 40:293-297.
16. Cerling T.E. The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1984, 71(2):229-240.
17. Cerling T.E., Harris J.M. Carbon isotope fractionation between diet and bioapatite in ungulate mammals and implications for ecological and paleocogical studies. Oecologia 1999, 120:347-363.
18. Chrysostomou P. Oi Neolithikes Erevnes Stin Poli Kai Tin Eparchia Giannitson Kata to 1991 (In Greek) 1994, vol. 5. To Archaiologiko Ergo stin Makedonia kai Thraki, 111-125.
19. Chrysostomou P. O Neolithikos Oikismos Giannitson B. Nea Anaskafika Dedomena (1992-1993), in Greek 1997, vol. 7. To Archaiologiko Ergo stin Makedonia kai Thraki, 135-146.
20. Cousinéry E.M. Voyage dans la Macédoine 1831, vol. 2. Imprimerie Royale, Paris.
21. Cramp A., Collins M.B., West R. Late Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentation in the NW Aegean Sea: a palaeoclimatic paleoceanographic reconstruction. Paleogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology 1988, 68:61-77.
22. Dansgaard W. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus 1964, 16:436-468.
23. De Rijk S., Hayes A., Rohling E.J. Eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1 interruption: an expression of the onset of climatic deterioration around 7 ka BP. Marine Geololgy 1999, 153:337-343.
24. Dean W.E. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1974, 44:242-248.
25. Dearing J.A., Dann R.J.L., Hay K., Lees J.A., Loveland P.J., Maher Barbara A., O'Grady K. Frequency-dependent susceptibility measurements of environmental materials. Geophysical Journal International 1996, 124(1):228-240.
26. Delacoulonche A. Mémoire sur le berceau de la puissance macédonienne des bords de l'Haliacmon à ceux de l'Axius, Archives des missions scientifiques et littéraires 1859.
27. Demory F., Oberhänsli H., Nowaczyk N.R., Gottschalk M., Wirth R., Naumann R. Detrital input and early diagenesis in sediments from Lake Baikal revealed by rock magnetism. Global and Planetary Change 2005, 46(1-4):145-166.
28. Demoule J.P., Perlès C. The Greek Neolithic: a new review. Journal of World Prehistory 1993, 7(4):355-416.
29. Dotsika E., Lykoudis S., Poutoukis D. Spatial distribution of the isotopic composition of precipitation and spring water in Greece. Global and Planetary Change 2010, 71:141-149.
30. Drysdale R., Zanchetta G., Hellstrom J., Maas R., Fallick A., Pickett M., Cartwright I., Piccini L. Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of old world civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone. Geology 2006, 34(2):101-104.
31. Ehrmann W., Schmiedl G., Hamann Y., Kuhnt T., Hemleben C., Siebel W. Clay minerals in lateglacial and Holocene sediments of the northern and southern Aegean Sea. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 2007, 249:36-57.
32. Faugères L. Recherches géomorphologiques en Grèce septentrionale: Macédoine centrale et occidentale. Service de reproduction des thèses de l'Université de Lille 1978, 2 vol:p. 849.
33. Fouache E. L'Alluvionnement historique en Grèce occidentale et au Péloponnèse: géomorphologie, archéologie et histoire. BCH Supplément 35, Editions De Boccard 1999, p. 235.
34. Fouache E., Ghilardi M., Vouvalidis K., Syrides G., Kunesch S., Styllas M., Stiros S. Contribution on the Holocene reconstruction of Thessaloniki plain, north central Greece. Journal of Coastal Research 2008, 24(5):1161-1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06-0786.1.
35. French D.H. Index of Prehistoric Sites in Central Macedonia and Catalogue of Sherd Material in the University of Thessaloniki 1967, University of Thessaloniki, Greece, p. 68.
36. Fritz P., Morgan A.V., Eicher U., McAndrews J.H. Stable isotope, fossil Coleoptera and pollen stratigraphy in late quaternary sediments from Ontario and New York state. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 1987, 58:183-202.
37. Fronval T., Jensen N.B., Buchardt B. Oxygen isotope disequilibrium precipitation of calcite in Lake Arreso, Denmark. Geology 1995, 23(5):463-466.
38. Fullen M.A., Zheng Y., Brandsma R.T. Comparison of soil and sediment properties of a loamy sand soil. Soil Technology 1996, 10:35-45.
39. Gasse F. Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the last glacial maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:189-211.
40. Geraga M., Tsaila-Monopolis S., Ioakim C., Papatheodorou G., Ferentinos G. Evaluation of palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 18,000 years in the Myrtoon Basin, SW Aegean Sea. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 2000, 156(1-2):1-17.
41. Ghilardi M., 2007. Dynamiques spatiales et reconstitutions paléogéographiques de la plaine de Thessalonique (Grèce) à l'holocène récent. University of Paris 12 Val-de-Marne, p. 475, Phd thesis.
42. Ghilardi M., Genç A., Syrides G., Bloemendal J., Psomiadis D., Paraschou T., Kunesch S., Fouache E. Reconstruction of the landscape history around the remnant arch of the Klidhi Roman Bridge, Thessaloniki plain, north central Greece. Journal of Archaeological Science 2010, 37(1):178-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.030.
43. Ghilardi M., Fouache E., Queyrel F., Syrides G., Vouvalidis K., Kunesch S., Styllas M., Stiros S. Human occupation and geomorphological evolution of the Thessaloniki plain (Greece) since mid Holocene. Journal of Archaeological Science 2008, 35(1):111-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.02.017.
44. Ghilardi M., Kunesch S., Styllas M., Fouache E. Reconstruction of Mid-Holocene sedimentary environments in the central part of the Thessaloniki Plain (Greece) based on microfaunal identification, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size analyses. Geomorphology 2008, 97(3-4):617-630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.09.007.
45. Godwin H., Willis E.H. Cambridge University natural radiocarbon measurements V. Radiocarbon 1962, 4:57-70.
46. Grammenos D.V. Neolithiki Makedonia 1997, Ministry of Culture, Archaeological Receipts Fund, Athens.
47. Grammenos D.V. Recent Research in the Prehistory of the Balkans 2003, Archaeological Institute of Northern Greece, Athens, Archaeological Receipts Fund, p. 537.
48. Gray A.B., Pasternack G.B., Watson E.B. Hydrogen peroxide treatments effects on the particle size distribution of alluvial and marsh sediments. The Holocene 2010, 20:293.
49. Hammond N.G.L. A history of Macedonia, vol I.: Historical geography and prehistory 1972, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 493.
50. Harrison S.P., Saarse L., Digerfeldt G. Holocene changes in lake levels as climate proxy in Europe. Evaluation of Climate Proxy Data in Relation to the European Holocene 1991, 159-169. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. B. Frenzel (Ed.).
51. Hays P.D., Grossman F.I. Oxygen isotopes in meteoric calcite cements as indicators of continental palaeoclimate. Geology 1991, 19:441-444.
52. Hochstetter A. Kastanas. Ausgrabungen in einem Siedlungshógel der Bronze- und Eisenzeit Makedoniens, 1975-1979. Die Handgemachte Keramik. Schichten 19 bis 1. Prähistorische Archaeologie in Südosteuropa 1984, Band 3. Volker Spiess, Berlin.
53. Hughen K.A., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Bertrand C., Blackwell P.G., Buck C.E., Burr G., Cutler K.B., Damon P.E., Edwards R.L., Fairbanks R.G., Friedrich M., Guilderson T.P., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., Manning S., Bronk Ramsey C., Reimer P.J., Reimer R.W., Remmele S., Southon J.R., Stuiver M., Talamo S., Taylor F.W., Van der Plicht J., Weyhenmeyer C.E. Marine04 Marine radiocarbon age calibration, 26-0 ka BP. Radiocarbon 2004, 46:1059-1086.
54. Jones R.T., Marshall J.D. Lacustrine oxygen isotopic records from temperate marl lakes. Pages News 2002, 10(2):17-19.
55. Lambeck K., Purcell A. Sea-level change in the Mediterranean Sea since the LGM: model predictions for tectonically stable areas. Quaternary Science Reviews 2005, 24:1969-1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.025.
56. Lawson I., Frogley M., Bryant C., Preece R., Tzedakis P. The lateglacial and Holocene environmental history of the Ioannina basin, north-west Greece. Quaternary Science Reviews 2004, 23(14-15):1599-1625.
57. Lovley D.R., Stolz J.F., Nord G.L., Phillips E.J.P. Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism. Nature 1987, 330:252-254.
58. Lykousis V., Karageorgis A.P., Chronis G.T. Delta progradation and sediment fluxes since the last glacial in the Thermaikos Gulf and the Sporades basin, NW Aegean Sea, Greece. Marine Geology 2005, 222-223:381-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.06.026.
59. Makhnach N., Zernitskaja V., Kolosov I., Simakova G. Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in late glacial-Holocene freshwater carbonates from Belarus and their palaeoclimatic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2004, 209(1-4):73-101.
60. Marino G., Rohling E.J., Sangiorgi F., Hayes A., Casford J.L., Lotter A.F., Kucera M., Brinkhuis H. Early and middle Holocene in the Aegean Sea: interplay between high and low latitude climate variability. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28(27-28):3246-3262.
61. Marriner N., Morhange C., Saghieh-Beydoun M. Geoarchaeology of Beirut's ancient harbour, Phoenicia. Journal of Archaeological Science 2008, 35:2495-2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.03.018.
62. Mayewski P.A., Rohling E.J., Stager J.C., Karlen W., Maasch K.A., Meeker L.D., Meyerson E.A., Gasse F., van Kreveld S., Holmgren K., Lee-Thorp J., Rosqvist G., Rack F., Staubwasser M., Schneider R.R., Steig E. Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research 2004, 62:243-255.
63. Mikutta R., Kleber M., Kaiser K., Jahn R. Review: organic matter removal from soils using hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and disodium peroxodisulfate. Soil Science Society of America 2005, 69:120-135.
64. Regional Development Project of the Salonika (Thessaloniki) Plain 1970, NEDECO Co., Netherlands Engineering Consultants, Land Reclamation Service (YEB) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Athens, The Hague, Netherlands.
65. Perlès C. The Early Neolithic in Greece, the First Farming Communities in Europe. Cambridge World Archaeology 2001, Cambridge University Press, p. 356.
66. Pirazzoli P.A. A review of possible eustatic, isostatic and tectonic contributions in eight late-Holocene relative sea-level histories from the Mediterranean area. Quaternary Science Reviews 2005, 24:1989-2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.06.026.
67. Pross J., Kotthoff U., Müller U.C., Peyron O., Dormoy I., Schmiedl G., Kalaitzidis S., Smith A.M. Massive perturbation in terrestrial ecosystems of the eastern Mediterranean region associated with the 8.2 ka climatic event. Geology 2009, 37:887-890.
68. Psomiadis D., Dotsika E., Zisi N., Pennos C., Pechlivanidou S., Albanakis K., Syros A., Vaxevanopoulos M. Geoarchaeological study of Katarraktes cave system (Macedonia, Greece): isotopic evidence for environmental alterations. Special Issue on Geoarchaeology: Human-environment Connectivity. Geomorphologie Relief, Processus, Environnement 2009, vol. 4:229-240. Ghilardi (Ed.).
69. Pyke G., Youni P. The excavation and the ceramic assemblage. Nea Nikomideia I. the Excavation of an Early Neolithic Village in Northern Greece 1961-1981 1996, vol. 25. BSA, Supplementary, British School at Athens, Athens. R.J. Rodden, K.A. Wardle (Eds.).
70. Reimer P.J., McCormac F.G. Marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections for the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. Radiocarbon 2002, 44:159-166.
71. Reimer P.J., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Bertrand C., Blackwell P.G., Buck C.E., Burr G., Cutler K.B., Damon P.E., Edwards R.L., Fairbanks R.G., Friedrich M., Guilderson T.P., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., Manning S., Bronk Ramsey C., Reimer R.W., Remmele S., Southon J.R., Stuiver M., Talamo S., Taylor F.W., Van der Plicht J., Weyhenmeyer C.E. IntCal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0-26 Cal Kyr BP. Radiocarbon 2004, 46:1029-1058.
72. Rey L. Observations sur les premiers habitats de la Macédoine recueillies par le Service Archéologique de l'Armée d'Orient, 1916-1919 (région de Salonique). Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 1917, 40:257-292.
73. Ritchie J.C., Eyles C.H., Haynes C.V. Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara. Nature 1985, 314:352-355.
74. Rodden R.J. Excavations at the Early Neolithic Site at Nea Nikomedeia, Greek Macedonia (1961 Season) 1962, vol. 28. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, pp. 267-88.
75. Rodden R.J. Recent discoveries from prehistoric Macedonia (an interim report). Balkan Studies 1964, 5:110-124.
76. Rodden R.J., Wardle K.A. Nea Nikomideia I: The Excavation of An Early Neolithic Village in Northern Greece 1961-1964 1996, Vol. 25. (suppl.), The British School at Athens, p. 212.
77. Rohling E.J., Hilgen F.J. The eastern Mediterranean climate at times of sapropel formation: a review. Geologie en Mijnbouw 1991, 70:253-264.
78. Rohling E.J., Pälike H. Centennial-scale climate cooling with a sudden cold event around 8,200 years ago. Nature 2005, 434:975-979.
79. Rohling E.J., Jorissen F.J., De Stigter H.C. 200 year interruption of Holocene sapropel formation in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Micropalaeontology 1997, 16:97-108.
80. Rohling E.J., Mayewski P.A., Hayes A., Abu-Zied R.H., Casford J.S.L. Holocene atmosphere-ocean interactions: records from Greenland and the Aegean Sea. Climate Dynamics 2002, 18:587-593.
81. Rohling E.J., Sprovieri M., Cane T.R., Casford J.S.L., Cooke S., Bouloubassi I., Emeis K.C., Schiebel R., Hayes A., Jorissen F.J., Kroon D. Reconstructing past planktic foraminiferal habitats using stable isotope data: a case history for Mediterranean sapropel S5. Marine Micropaleontology 2004, 50:89-123.
82. Rohling E.J., Abu-Zied R.H., Casford J.S.L., Hayes A., Hoogakker B.A.A. The marine environment: present and past. The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean 2009, 33-67. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. J.C. Woodward (Ed.).
83. Rossignol-Strick M., Nesteroff V., Olive P., Vergnaud-Grazzini C. After the deluge; Mediterranean stagnation and sapropel formation. Nature 1982, 295:105-110.
84. Scott-Jackson J.E., Walkington H. Methodological issues raised by laser particle size analysis of deposits mapped as Clay-with-flints from the Palaeolithic site of Dickett's Field, Yarnhams Farm, Hampshire, UK. ournal of Archaeological Science 2005, 32:969-980.
85. Shackleton N. Stable isotope study of the palaeoenvironment of the Neolithic site of Nea Nikomedeia, Greece. Nature 1970, 227:943-944. London.
86. Siani G., Paterne M., Arnold M., Bard E., Metivie B., Tisnerat N., Bassinot F. Radiocarbon reservoir ages in the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Radiocarbon 2000, 42:271-280.
87. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J. Radiocarbon 1993, 35:215-230.
88. Stuckenrath R. University of Pennsylvania radiocarbon dates X. Radiocarbon 1967, 9:333-345.
89. Syrides G., Albanakis K., Vouvalidis K., Pilali A., Papasteriou A., Papaefthimiou-Papanthimou A., Ghilardi M., Fouache E., Paraschou T., Psomiadis D. Holocene palaeogeography of the northern margins of Giannitsa plain in relation to the prehistoric site of Archontiko (Macedonia-Greece). Zeichrift für Geomorphologie 2009, 53(Suppl. 1):71-82.
90. Triantaphyllou M., Antonarakou A., Kouli K., Dimiza M., Kontakiotis G., Papanikolaou M., Lianou V., Ziveri P., Mortyn G., Lykousis V., Dermitzakis M.D. Late glacial-Holocene ecostratigraphy of the southeastern Aegean Sea, based on plankton and pollen assemblages. Geo Marine Letters 2009, 29:249-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-009-0139-5.
91. Turner J.V., Fritz P., Karrow P.F., Warner B.G. Isotopic and geochemical composition of marl lake waters and implications for radiocarbon dating of marl lake sediment. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1983, 20:599-615.
92. Tzedakis P.C. Long-term tree populations in northwest Greece through multiple quaternary climatic cycles. Nature 1993, 364:437-440.
93. Tzedakis P.C., Lawson I.T., Frogley M.R., Hewitt G.M., Preece R.C. Buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications. Science 2002, 297:2044-2047.
94. Vött A. Relative sea level changes and regional tectonic evolution of seven coastal areas in NW Greece since the mid-Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:894-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.004.
95. Vouvalidis K., Syrides G., Albanakis K. Holocene morphology of the Thessaloniki Bay: impact of sea level rise. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 2005, Suppl. 137:147-158.
96. Wang S., Jin X., Bu Q., Zhou X., Wu F. Effects of particle size, organic matter and ionic strength on the phosphate sorption in different trophic lake sediments. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2006, A128:95-105.
97. Weninger B., Alram-Stern E., Bauer E., Clare L., Danzeglocke U., Jöris O., Kubatzki C., Rollefson G., Todorova H., van Andel T. Climate forcing due to the 8200 cal BP event observed at early Neolithic sites in the eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary Research 2006, 66(3):401-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.009.
98. Weninger B., Clare L., Rohling E., Bar-Yosef O., Boehner U., Budja M., Bundschuh M., Feurdean A., Gebe H.G., Joeris O., Lindstaedter J., Mayewski P., Muehlenbruch T., Reingruber A., Rollefson G., Schyle D., Thissen L., Todorova H., Zielhofer C. The impact of rapid climate change on prehistoric societies during the Holocene in the Eastern Mediterranean. Documenta Praehistorica 2009, 36:7-59. 10.4312/dp.36.2.
99. Wijmstra T.A. Palynology of the first 30 m of a 120 m deep section in northern Greece. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 1969, 18:511-527.
100. Zervakis V., Georgopoulos D., Karageorgis A.P., Theocharis A. On the response of the Aegean Sea to climatic variability: a review. International Journal of Climatology 2004, 24:1845-1858.
101. Zhornyak L., Regattieri E., Zanchetta G., Drysdale R.N., Hellstrom J.C., Fallick A.E., Piccini L., Dotsika E., Isola I. Stable Isotopes and Holocene Paleoclimate Evolution from Renella Cave Speleothems (Apuan Alps, Central Italy). ESFMedCLIVAR Workshop: Oxygen Isotopes as Tracers of Mediterranean Climate Variability: Linking Past, Present and Future 2008, Pisa, Italy, pp. 11-3.