Design and implementation of a thermoelectric-photovoltaic hybrid energy source for hybrid electric vehicles

World Electric Vehicle Journal

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 271-281

  Zhang, Xiaodong ^a   Chau, K T ^a   Chan, C C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Energy recovery; HEV; Hybrid energy source; Renewable energy

Indexed keywords

FUEL ECONOMY; SOLAR ENERGY; SOLID WASTES; WASTE HEAT; WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION;

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATIONS; ENERGY RECOVERY; HEAT ENERGY; HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (HEVS); HYBRID ENERGY SOURCES; PHOTOVOLTAIC; RENEWABLE ENERGIES; RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE;

HYBRID VEHICLES;

EID: 84862339636     PISSN: 20326653     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/wevj3020271     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. K. T. Chau and C. C. Chan, Emerging energy-efficient technologies for hybrid electric vehicles, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 95, No. 4, Apr. 2007, pp. 821-835.
2. C. C. Chan, The state of the art of the electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 95, No. 4, Apr. 2007, pp. 704-718.
3. C. Yu, K. T. Chau and C. C. Chan, Thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery for hybrid electric vehicles, Proceedings of 23rd International Electric Vehicle Symposium, Dec. 2007, PaperNo. 21.
4. K. T. Chau, Y. S. Wong and C. C. Chandra, Overview of energy sources for electric vehicles, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 40, No. 10, July 1999, pp. 1021-1039.
5. K. T. Chau and Y. S. Wong, Hybridization of energy sources in electric vehicles, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 42,No. 9,June2001,pp. 1059-1069.
6. X. Zhang, K. T. Chau and C. C. Chan, Overview of thermoelectric generation for hybrid vehicles, Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, Vol. 6, No. 2, Dec. 2008, pp. 1119-1124.
7. D. M. Rowe, Thermoelectrics, an environmentally-friendly source of electrical power, Renewable Energy, Vol. 16,No. 1-4,Jan./Apr. 1999, pp. 1251-1256.
8. J. Eakburanawat and I. Boonyaroonate, Development of a thermoelectric battery-charger with microcontroller-based maximum power point tracking technique, Applied Energy, Vol. 83, No. 7, July 2006, pp. 687-704.
9. Y. Fan, K. T. Chau and M. Cheng, A new three-phase doubly salient permanent magnet machine for wind power generation, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 42, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 2006, pp. 53-60.
10. Y. Fan, K. T. Chau and S. Niu, Development of a new brushless doubly fed doubly salient machine for wind power generation, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 42, No. 10, Oct. 2006, pp. 3455-3457.
11. K. T. Chau, Y. B. Li, J. Z. Jiang and S. Niu, Design and control of a PM brushless hybrid generator for wind power application, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 42, No. 10, Oct. 2006, pp. 3497-3499.
12. S. Niu, K. T. Chau, J. Z. Jiang and C. Liu, Design and control of a new double-stator cup-rotor permanent-magnet machine for windpowergeneration, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 43, No. 6, June 2007, pp. 2501-2503.
13. C. Yu, K. T. Chau and J. Z. Jiang, A flux-mnemonic permanent magnet brushless machine for wind power generation, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, No. 7, Apr. 2009, PaperNo. 07F114, pp. 1-3.
14. L. Jian, K. T. Chau and J. Z. Jiang, A magnetic-geared outer-rotor permanent-magnet brushless machine for wind power generation, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 45, No. 3, May/June 2009.
15. K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan and C. Liu, Overview of permanent-magnet brushless drives for electric and hybrid electric vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 6, June 2008, pp. 2246-2257.
16. J. Schaefer, Review of photovoltaic power plant performance and economics, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC-5, June 1990, pp. 232-238.
17. H. S. H. Chung, K. K. Tse, S. Y. R. Hui, C. M. Mok and M. T. Ho, A novel maximum power point tracking technique for solar panels using a SEPIC or Cuk converter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 18, No. 3, May 2003, pp. 717-724.
18. F. Stabler, Automotive applications of high efficiency thermoelectrics, Proceedings of DARPA/ONR Program Review and DOE High Efficiency Thermoelectric Workshop, Mar. 2002, pp. 1-26.
19. J. Yang, Potential applications of thermoelectric waste heat recovery in the automotive industry, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Jun.2005,pp. 155-159.
20. X. Zhang, K. T. Chau, C. Yu and C. C. Chan, An optimal solar-thermoelectric hybrid energy system for hybrid electric vehicles, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Sep. 2008, pp. 1-6.
21. C. Liu, K. T. Chau, J. Z. Jiang and L. Jian, Design of a new outer-rotor permanent magnet hybrid machine for wind power generation, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 44, No. 6, June 2008, pp. 1494-1497.
22. S. Niu, K. T. Chau and J. Z. Jiang, Analysis of eddy-current loss in a double-stator cup-rotor PM machine, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 44, No. 11, Nov. 2008, pp. 4401-4404.
23. C. Liu, K.T. Chau, J.Z. Jiang and S. Niu, Comparison of stator-permanent-magnet brushless machines, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 44, No. 11, Nov. 2008, pp. 4405-4408.
24. S. Niu, K.T. Chau and C. Yu, Quantitative comparison of double-stator and traditional permanent magnet brushless machines, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, No. 7, Apr. 2009, PaperNo. 07F105, pp. 1-3.
25. Y. Xue, L. Chang, S. B. Kjar, J. Bordonau, and T. Shimizu, Topologies of single-phase inverters for small distributed power generators: an overview, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, No. 5, Sep. 2004, pp. 1305-1314.
26. K. T. Chau, New constant-frequency multi-resonant boost convertor, IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 2, Jan. 1994, pp. 101-102.
27. M. S. W. Chan, K. T. Chau and C. C. Chan, A new switched-capacitor inverter for electric vehicles, Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, Vol. 4, No. 2, Dec. 2006, pp. 905-909.
28. K. T. Chau, A new class of pulsewidth-modulated multi-resonant converters using resonant inductor freewheeling, International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 77, No. 5, Nov. 1994, pp. 703-714.
29. M. S. W. Chan and K. T. Chau, switched-capacitor boost-multilevel inverter using partial charging, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, Vol. 54, No. 12, Dec. 2007,pp. 1145-1149.
30. K. T. Chau, J. M. Yao and C. C. Chan, A new soft-switching vector control approach for resonant snubber inverters, International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 86, No. 1, Jan. 1999, pp. 101-115.
31. R. Y. Kim and J. S. Lai, A seamless mode transfer maximum power point tracking controller for thermoelectric generator applications, Proceedings of IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Sep. 2007, pp. 977-984.
32. R. Y. Kim and J. S. Lai, Aggregated modeling and control of a boost-buck cascade converter for maximum power point tracking of a thermoelectric generator, Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Feb. 2008, pp. 1754-1760.
33. K. Khouzam, Optimum load matching in direct-coupled photovoltaic power systems-application to resistive loads, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 1990, pp. 265-271.
34. A. Kislovski and R. Redl, Maximum-power-tracking using positive feedback, Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1994, pp. 1065-1068.
35. Y. C. Kuo, T. J. Liang and J. F. Chen, Novel maximum-power-point tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 48, No. 3, June 2001, pp. 594-601.
36. D. Shmilovitz, On the control of photovoltaic maximum power point tracker via output parameters, IEE Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, Vol. 152, No. 2, Mar. 2005, pp. 239-248.
37. N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo and M. Vitelli, Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 20, No. 4, July 2005, pp. 963-973.
38. M. Veerachary, T. Senjyu and K. Uezato, Neural-network-based maximum-power-point tracking of coupled-inductor interleaved-boost converter-supplied PV system using fuzzy controller, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 4, Aug. 2003, pp. 749-758.
39. N. S. D'Souza, L. A. C. Lopes and X. Liura, Intelligent maximum power point tracker using peak current control, Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 2005, pp. 172-177.
40. K. Qiu and A. C. S. Hayden, Integrated thermoelectric generator and application to self-powered heating systems, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2006, pp. 198-203.
41. L. E. Bell, High power density thermoelectric systems, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, July 2004, pp. 1-5.
42. L. I. Anatychuk, V. V. Razinkov, Y. Y. Rozver and V. Y. Mikhailovsky, Thermoelectric generator modules and blocks, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics,Aug. 1997, pp. 592-594.
43. T. Plevyak, A 160-Watt experimental thermoelectric power plant for telephone microwave equipment, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 15, No. 4, Aug. 1967, pp. 571-578.
44. R. C. Chu, K. Kadotani, T. Shintani, T. Tanimura, T. Hatanaka and S. Nishio, Thermoelectric generator utilizing boiling-condensation (experiment and modeling), Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2003, pp. 546-549.
45. J. Esarte, G. Min and D. M. Rowe, Modeling heat exchangers for thermoelectric generators, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 93, No. 1-2, Feb. 2001, pp. 72-76.
46. J. G. Haidar and J. I. Ghojel, Optimization of the thermal regime of thermoelectric generators in waste heat recovery applications, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2002, pp. 427-430.
47. M. Hasebe, Y. Kamikawa and S. Meiarashi, Thermoelectric generators using solar thermal energy in heated road pavement, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2006, pp. 697-700.
48. R. Y. Nuwayhid and R. Hamade, Design and testing of a locally made loop-type thermosyphonic heat sink for stove-top thermoelectric generators, Renewable Energy, Vol. 30, No. 7, June 2005, pp. 1101-1116.
49. D. W. Auckland, R. Shuttleworth, A. C. Luff, B. P. Axcell and M. Rahman, Design of a semiconductor thermoelectric generator for remote subsea wellheads, IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, Vol. 142, No. 2, Mar. 1995, pp. 65-70.
50. J. G. Haidar and J. I. Ghojel, Waste heat recovery from the exhaust of low-power diesel engine using thermoelectric generators, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2001, pp.413-418.
51. Z. Zhang, X. P. Xie and Y. T. Luo, Research on the novel high-intensity thermoelectric generator and its application on HEV, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2005, pp. 517-520.
52. M. D. Rowe, G. Min, S. G. K. Williams, A. Aoune, K. Matsuura, V. L. Kuznetsov and L. W. Fu, Thermoelectric recovery of waste heat-case studies, Proceedings of Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, July 1997, Vol. 2, pp. 1075-1079.
53. B. C. Woo, D. Y. Lee, H. W. Lee and I. J. Kim, Characteristic of maximum power with temperature difference for thermoelectric generator, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2001,pp.431-434.
54. K. Yoshida, S. Tanaka, S. Tomonari, D. Satoh and M. Esashi, High-energy density miniature thermoelectric generator using catalytic combustion, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 15, No. 1, Feb. 2006, pp. 195-203.
55. R. Y. Nuwayhid, A. Shihadeh and N. Ghaddar, Development and testing of a domestic woodstove thermoelectric generator with natural convection cooling, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 46, No. 9-10,June2005,pp. 1631-1643.
56. R. Y. Nuwayhid, F. Moukalled and N. Noueihed, On entropy generation in thermoelectric devices, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 41, No. 9, June 2000, pp. 891-914.
57. S. J. S. Borelli and S. O. Junior, Exergy-based method for analyzing the composition of the electricity cost generated in gas-fired combined cycle plants, Energy, Vol. 33, No. 2, Feb.2008, pp. 153-162.
58. M. Nedelcu, O. Stoican and J. G. Stockholm, Thermoelectric generators with electric pulsed output, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 2002, pp. 439-441.
59. D. M. Rowe, Recent developments in the thermoelectric recovery of low temperature waste heat, Fourth International Conference on New Energy Systems and Conversions, June 1999, pp. 307-315.
60. H. Y. Yu, Y. Q. Li, Y. H. Shang and B. Su, Design and investigation of photovoltaic and thermoelectric hybrid power source for wireless sensor networks, IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, Jan. 2008, pp. 196-201.
61. Y. Li, H. Yu, B. Su and Y. Shang, Hybrid micropower source for wireless sensor network, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 8, No. 6, June 2008, pp. 678-681.
62. A. Muhtaroglu, A. Yokochi and A. Jouanne, Integration of thermoelectrics and photovoltaics as auxiliary power sources in mobile computing applications, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 177, No. 1, Feb. 2008, pp. 239-246.
63. A. Muhtaroglu, A. Yokochi and A. Jouanne, A sustainable, Power architecture for mobile computing systems, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 178, No. 1, Mar. 2008, pp. 467-475.
64. W. Roth, R. Kugele, A. Steinhuser, W. Schulz and G. Hille, Grid-independent power supply for repeaters in mobile radio networks using photovoltaic/thermoelectric hybrid systems, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Aug. 1997, pp. 582-585.
65. A. Steinhuser, G. Hille, R. Kugele, W. Roth and W. Schulz, Photovoltaic-hybrid power supply for radio network components, Proceedings of International Telecommunications Energy Conference, June 1999, pp. 1-9.
66. R. Kugele, W. Roth, W. Schulz and A. Steinhuser, Thermoelectric generators in photovoltaic hybrid systems, Proceedings of International Conference on Thermoelectrics, Mar. 1996, pp. 352-356.
67. D. Maksimovic and S. Cuk, A unified analysis of PWM converters in discontinuous modes, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1991, pp. 476-490.
68. K. K. Tse, M. T. Ho, Henry S. H. Chung and Ron S. Y. Hui novel maximumpower point tracker for PV panels using switching frequency modulation, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 6, Nov. 2002, pp. 980-989.