Creativity in Its Social Context: The Interplay of Organizational Norms, Situational Threat, and Gender

Creativity Research Journal

Volumn 24, Issue 2-3, 2012, Pages 208-219

  Walton, Andre P ^a   Kemmelmeier, Markus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862315163     PISSN: 10400419     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2012.677345     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Amabile, T. M. (1982). Children's artistic creativity: Detrimental effects of competition in a field setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 573-578.
2. Amabile, T. M., & Conti, R. (1999). Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 630-640.
3. Anderson, C. A., Lindsay, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (1999). Research in the psychological laboratory: Truth or triviality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 3-9.
4. Baer, J. &. (2008). Gender differences in creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 42, 75-105.
5. Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
6. Balthazard, P. A., Cooke, R. A., & Potter, R. E. (2006). Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioral norms that form organizational culture and drive performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 709-732.
7. Baumeister, R. F. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 177, 497-529.
8. Branscombe, N. R., Wann, D. L., Noel, J. G., & Coleman, J. (1993). In-group or out-group extremity: Importance of the threatened social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 381-388.
9. Caldwell, D. F., & O'Reilly, C. A. (2003). The determinants of team-based Spears R., editorsOakes P. J., editorsEllemers N., editorsHaslam influence. Small Group Research, 34, 497-517.
10. Cascio, W. (1993). Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned? Academy of Management Executive, 7, 95-104.
11. Castilla, E. J., & Benard, S. (2010). The paradox of meritocracy in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 55 (4), 543-576.
12. Choi, J. N. (2005). Person-environment fit and creative behavior: Differential impacts of supplies-values and demands-abilities versions of fit. Human Relations, 57, 531-552.
13. Christian, J., Gadfield, N. J., Giles, H., & Taylor, D. M. (1976). The multidimensional and dynamic nature of ethnic identity. International Journal of Psychology, 11, 281-291.
14. Cooke, R., & Szurnal, J. (2000). Using the organizational culture inventory to understand the operating cultures of organizations. In N. W. Ashkanasy (Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
15. Correll, S. J. (2001). Gender and the career choice process: The role of biased self-assessments. American Journal of Sociology, 106, 1691-1730.
16. Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
17. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Motivation and creativity: Toward a synthesis of structural and energistic approaches to cognition. New Ideas in Psychology, 6, 159-176.
18. Davis, G., & Belcher, T. L. (1971). How shall creativity be measured? Torrance tests, RAT, alpha biographical and IQ. Journal of Creative Behavior, 5, 153-161.
19. Di Scipio, W. J. (1971). Divergent thinking: A complex function of interacting dimensions of extraversion-introversion and neuroticism-stability. British Journal of Psychology, 62, 545-550.
20. Doosje, B., & Ellemers, N. (1997). Stereotyping under threat: The role of group identification. In R. Spears, P. J. Oakes, N. Ellemers & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The social psychology of stereotyping and group life (pp. 257-272). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
21. Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intergroup variability as a function of group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410-436.
22. Eagley, A. (2009). The his and hers of prosocial behavior: An examination of the social psychology of gender. American Psychologist, 64, 644-658.
23. Earley, P. C. (1993). East meets West meets Mideast: Further explorations of collectivistic and individualistic work groups. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 319-348.
24. Earley, P. C. (1989). Social loafing and collectivism: A comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 565-581.
25. Earley, P. C., & Gibson, C. B. (1998). Taking stock in our progress on individualism-collectivism: 100 years of solidarity and community. Journal of Management, 24, 265-304.
26. Easterbrook. (1959). The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66, 183-201.
27. Eisenberg, R., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Incremenal effects of reward on creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 728-741.
28. Elder, G. H., & Clipp, E. C. (1988). Wartime losses and social bonding: Influence across 40 years in men's lives. Psychiatry, 51, 177-198.
29. Gabriel, S., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Are there "his" and "hers" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective versus relational interdependence for affect, behavior and cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 642-655.
30. George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don't: The role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 687-697.
31. Gherardi, S. (2003). Feminist theory and organization theory: a dialogue on new bases. In H. H. Tsoukas & C. Knudsen (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of organization theory: Metatheoretical perspectives (pp. 210-236). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Goldberg, J. (2004). James Lovell: The Rescue of Apollo 13 (Library of Astronaut Biographies). New York, NY: Rosen.
33. Goncalo, J. A., & Staw, B. (2006). Individualism-collectivism and group creativity. Organizayional Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100, 96-109.
34. Hertel, G., Kerr, N., & Messé, L. (2000). Motivatin gains in performance groups: Paradigmatic and theoretical developments on the Kohler effect. Journal of Personailtyu and Social Psychology, 79, 580-601.
35. Hocevar, D., & Batchelor, P. (1989). A taxonomy and critique of measurements used in the study of creativity. In J. A. Glover, R. R. Ronning & C. R. Reynolds (Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 53-75). New York, NY: Plenum.
36. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London, UK: McGraw Hill.
37. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38. Hornsey, M. J., & Jetten, J. (2004). The individual within the group: Balancing the need to belong with the need to be different. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 248-264.
39. Hurst, D., Rush, J., & White, R. (1996). In K. Starkey (Ed.), How organizations learn (pp. 381-409). London, UK: International Thomson Business Press.
40. Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122-1131.
41. Janis, I. L. (1972). Victims of groupthink. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
42. Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & McAuliffe, B. J. (2002). 'We're all individuals': Group norms of individualism and collectivism, levels of identification and identity threat. European Journal of Social Psychology, 107-189.
43. Jetten, J., Spears, R., Hogg, M. A., & Manstead, A. S. (2000). Discrimination constrained and justified: The variable effects of group variability and ingroup identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 329-356.
44. Kanter, R. M. (1988). In B. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), When a thousand Xowers bloom: Structural, collective and social conditions for innovation in organizations. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
45. Kaufman, J. C., & Baer, J. (2002). I bask in dreams of suicide: Mental illness, poetry, and women. Review of General Psychology, 6, 271-286.
46. Kaufman, J. C., Baer, J., Agars, M. D., & Loomis, D. (2010). Creativity stereotypes and the consensual assessment technique. Creativity Research Journal, 22, 200-205.
47. Klein, K. J., & Hodges, S. D. (2001). Gender differences, motivation, and empathic accuracy: When it pays to understand. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 720-730.
48. Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: "Seizing and "freezing." Psychological Review, 103 (2), 263-283.
49. Leith, G. (1972). The relationships between intelligence, personality and creativity under two conditions of stress. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 42, 240-247.
50. Livingstone, L. P., Nelson, D. L., & Barr, S. H. (1997). (1997). Person-environment fit and creativity: An examination of supply-value and demand-ability versions of fit. Journal of Management, 23, 119-146.
51. Locke, E. A., Tirnauer, D., Roberson, Q., Goldman, B., Latham, M. E., & Weldon, E. (2001). The importance of the individual in an age of groupism. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 501-528). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
52. Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
53. Matthews, G. (1986). The effects of anxiety on intellectual performance: When and why are they found? Journal of Research in Personality, 20, 385-401.
54. McAuliffe, B. J., Jetten, J., Hornsey, M. J., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). Individualist and collectivist group norms: When it's OK to go your own way. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 57-70.
55. Miller, L. C., Cooke, L. L., & Tsang, J. (1992). Should I brag? Nature and impact of positive and boastful disclosures for women and men. Human Communication Research, 18, 364-399.
56. Mullen, B. (1991). Group composition, salience and cognitive representations: The phenomenology of being in a group. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 297-323.
57. Nelson, M. R., & Shavitt, S. (2002). Horizontal and vertical individualism and achievement values: A multimethod examination of Denmark and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 439-458.
58. Oyserman, D., & Markus, H. (1990). Possible selves and delinquency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 112-125.
59. Piirto, J. (1991). Why are there so few? (Creative women: Visual artists, mathematicians, musicians). Roeper Review, 13, 142-147.
60. Porras, J. I., & Robertson, P. J. (1992). Organizational development: Theory, practice, and research. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 2nd edition (Vol. 3, pp. 719-822). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
61. Postmes, T., Branscombe, N. R., Spears, R., & Young, H. (1999). Personal and group judgments of discrimination and privilege: Resolving the discrepancy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 320-338.
62. Roccas, S., & Schwartz, S. H. (1993). Effects of intergroup similarity on intergroup relations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 581-595.
63. Roethisberger, F. J., Dickson, W. J., & Wright, H. A. (1939). Management and the worker: An account of a research program conducted by the Western Electric Company, Hawthorne Works, Chicago. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
64. Rofe, Y. (1984). Stress and affiliation: A utility theory. Psychological Review, 91, 235-250.
65. Rossman, B. B., & Gollob, H. F. (1975). Comparison of social judgments of creativity and intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 271-281.
66. Runco, M. A. (1994). Creativity and its discontents. In M. P. Shaw & M. A. Runco (Eds.), Creativity and affect. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
67. Runco, M. A., Cramond, B., & Pagnani, A. R. (2010). Gender research in general and experimental psychology. In J. C. Chrisler & D. R. McCreary (Eds.), Handbook of gender research in psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 343-357). New York, NY: Springer.
68. Simonton, D. S., & Ting, S.-S. (2010). Creativity in Eastern and Western civilizations: The lessons of historiometry. Management and Organization Review, 6, 329-350.
69. Smith, G. J., & Van der Meer, G. (1994). Creativity through psychosomatics. Creativity Research Journal, 7, 159-170.
70. Smith, K. L., Michael, W. B., & Hocevar, D. (1990). Performance on creativity measures with examination-taking intended to induce high or low levels of test anxiety. Creativity Research Journal, 3, 265-280.
71. Spears, R., Doosje, B., & Ellemers, N. (1997). Self-stereotyping in the face of threats to group status and distinctiveness: The role of group identification. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 538-553.
72. Staw, B. M., Sandelands, L. E., & Dutton, J. E. (1981). Threat rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 501-524.
73. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
74. Tapasak, R. C., Roodin, P. A., & Vaught, G. M. (1978). Effects of extraversion, anxiety, and sex on children's verbal fluency and coding task performance. Journal of Psychology, 100, 49-55.
75. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
76. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
77. Upmanyu, V. V., Gill, P. S., & Singh, S. (1982). Nature of unusual responses in Kent-Rosanoff Word Association Test and Torrance test of creativity. Personality Study and Group Behaviour, 2, 44-53.
78. Van Vugt, M., De Cremer, D., & Janssen, D. (2007). Gender differences in cooperation and competition: The male-warrior hypothesis. Psychological Science, 18, 19-23.
79. Warsitz, L. (2009). The first test pilot: The story of German test pilot Erich Warsitz. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword Books.
80. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
81. White, K. (1968). Anxiety, extraversion-intraversion, and divergent thinking ability. Journal of Creative Behavior, 2, 119-127.
82. Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18, 293-321.
83. Wright, T. A., & Walton, A. P. (2003). Affect, psychological well-being and creativity: Results of a field study. Journal of Business and Management, 9, 21-32.
84. Zajonc, R. B. (1966). Social psychology: An experimental approach. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.