Low-density lipoprotein-lowering strategies: Target versus maximalist versus population percentile

Current Opinion in Cardiology

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 405-411

  Sniderman, Allan D ^a   De Graaf, Jacqueline ^b   Couture, Patrick ^c  

^a ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

apolipoprotein B; cardiovascular guidelines; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol; prevention; targets statin

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; ATORVASTATIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ATHEROGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

APOLIPOPROTEINS B; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84862290498     PISSN: 02684705     EISSN: 15317080     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328353fed5     Document Type: Review

References (29)

1. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: A meta-Analysis of data from 170000 participants in 26 randomized trials. Lancet 2010; 376:1670-1681.
2. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285:2486-2497.
3. Grundy SM, Cleeman JL, Merz CN, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110:229-239.
4. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1425-1435.
5. Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJP, et al. High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. The IDEAL Study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 294:2437-2445.
6. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2195-2207.
7. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Multicentre randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2004; 364:685-696.
8. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:7-22.
9. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1495-1504.
10. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:720-732.
11. Genest J, McPherson R, Frohlich J, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult - 2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol 2009; 25:567-579.
12. Davidson MH, Ballantyne CM, Jacobson TA, et al. Clinical utility of inflammatory markers and advanced lipoprotein testing: Advice from an expert panel of lipid specialists. J Clin Lipidol 2011; 5:338-367.
13. Catapano AL, Reiner Z, De Backer G, et al. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:3-46.
14. Hayward RA, Krumholz H. Three reasons to abandon low-density lipoprotein targets: An open letter to the adult treatment panel IV of the National Institutes of Health. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012; 5:2-5.
15. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Papageorgiou AA, et al. Relationship between LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels and clinical outcome in the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study. Curr Med Res Opin 2004; 20:1385-1392.
16. De Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD, et al. Early intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Phase Z of the A to Z Trial. JAMA 2004; 292:1307-1316.
17. Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH) Collaborative Group. Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with 80mg versus 20mg simvastatin daily in 12064 survivors of myocardial infarction: A double-blind randomized trial. Lancet 2010; 376:1658-1669.
18. Rasmussen JN, Chong A, Alter DA. Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2007; 297:177-186.
19. Simpson RJ, Mendys P. The effects of adherence and persistence on clinical outcomes in patients treated with statins: A systematic review. J Clin Lipidol 2010; 4:462-471.
20. Cannon CP, Giugliano RP, Blazing MA, et al., IMPROVE-IT Investigators. Rationale and design of IMPROVE-IT (IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial): Comparison of ezetimbe/simvastatin versus simvastatin monotherapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 2008; 156:826-832.
21. Contois JH, McConnell JP, Sethi AA, et al. Apolipoprotein B and cardiovascular disease risk: Position statement from the AACC Lipoproteins and Vascular Diseases Division Working Group on Best Practices. Clin Chem 2009; 55:407-419.
22. Contois JH, Warnick GR, Sniderman AD. Reliability of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B measurement. J Clin Lipidol 2011; 5:264-272.
23. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, et al. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease. JAMA 2009; 302:1993-2000.
24. Sniderman AD, Williams K, Contois JH, et al. A meta-Analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B as markers of cardiovascular risk. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2011; 4:337-345.
25. Sniderman AD, deGraaf JP, Couture P. ApoB and the apoB atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias. In:. Kwiterovich PO, editor. The Johns Hopkins textbook of dyslipidemia. China: Wolters Kluwer; 2009. pp. 196-210.
26. NHANES Investigators. NHANES analytic Guidelines: 2003-2004. Available at http:www.cdc.gov.nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes-03-04/nhanes-Analytic-guidelines-dec- 2005.pdf. [Accessed 16 February 2009]
27. Cromwell WC, Otvos JD, Keyes MJ, et al. LDL particle number and risk of future cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study - implications for LDL management. J Clin Lipidol 2007; 1:583-592.
28. Otvos JD, Mora S, Shalaurova I, et al. Clinical implications of discordance between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle number. J Clin Lipidol 2011; 5:105-113.
29. Sniderman AD. Differential response of cholesterol and particle measures of atherogenic lipoproteins to LDL-lowering therapy: Implications for clinical practice. J Clin Lipidol 2008; 2:36-42.