Uppermost mantle structure of the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from interstation Pn traveltime difference tomography

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 335-336, Issue , 2012, Pages 195-205

  Li, Zhiwei ^a   Ni, Sidao ^a   Hao, Tianyao ^b   Xu, Yi ^b   Roecker, Steven ^c  

^a Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^c Research Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Eastern Tibetan plateau; Longmenshan Fault Belt; Pn traveltime difference; Traveltime tomography; Uppermost mantle; Wenchuan earthquake

Indexed keywords

EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU; PN TRAVELTIME DIFFERENCE; TRAVEL TIME TOMOGRAPHY; UPPERMOST MANTLE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;

EARTHQUAKES; PLANETARY SURFACE ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONICS;

VELOCITY;

DATA INVERSION; MANTLE STRUCTURE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; SICHUAN EARTHQUAKE 2008; TRAVEL TIME; UPPER MANTLE;

CHINA; LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE; QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU; SICHUAN;

EID: 84862246211     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.005     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Burchfiel B.C., Royden L.H., van der Hilst R.D., et al. A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. GSA Today 2008, 18:4-11.
2. Chen G.G., Ji F.J., Zhou R.J., et al. Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan Fault Zone since Late-Quaternary. Seismol. Geol. 2007, 29(3):657-673.
3. Chen J.H., Liu Q.Y., Li S.C., et al. Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake sequence. Chin. J. Geophys. 2009, 52(2):390-397.
4. Clark M.K., Royden L.H. Topographic ooze: building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow. Geology 2000, 28(8):703-706.
5. Cui Z.X., Pei S.P. Study on Pn velocity and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and surrounding regions. Chin. J. Geophys. 2009, 52(9):2245-2254.
6. England P.C., Molnar P. Active deformation of Asia: from kinematics to dynamics. Science 1997, 278:647-650.
7. Guo B., Liu Q., Chen J., et al. Teleseismic P-wave tomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmen Shan area, west Sichuan. Chin. J. Geophys. 2009, 52(2):346-355.
8. Hearn T.M. Anisotropic Pn tomography in the western United States. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101:8403-8414.
9. Hearn T.M., Wang S., Ni J.F., et al. Uppermost mantle velocities beneath China and surrounding regions. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:B11301.
10. Hole J.A., Zelt B.C. 3-D finite-difference reflection traveltimes. Geophys. J. Int. 1995, 121:427-434.
11. Huang J., Zhao D. High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B09305.
12. Huang Y., Wu J.P., Zhang T.Z., et al. Relocation of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershock sequence. Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. 2008, 51(12):1703-1711.
13. Ji, C., Hayes, G., 2008. Finite fault model: preliminary result of the May 12, 2008 Mw 7.9 eastern Sichuan China earthquake, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2008/.
14. w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the rejuvenated Longmen Shan thrust belt, China. Tectonophysics 2010, 491:174-184.
15. Jiang X., Jin Y. Mapping the deep lithospheric structure beneath the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from gravity anomalies. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:B07407.
16. Jones C.H., Unruh J.R., Sonder L.J. The role of gravitational potential energy in the active deformation of the southwestern United States. Nature 1996, 381:37-41.
17. Klemperer, S.L., 2006. Crustal flow in Tibet: a review of geophysical evidence for the physical state of Tibetan lithosphere. In: Searle, M.P., Law, R.D. (Eds.), Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation of Lower Mid-crust in Continental Collision Zones, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub., 268, pp. 39-70.
18. s 8.0). Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2009, 10:10.
19. Li C., van der Hislt R.D., Toksoz M.N. Constraining spatial variations in the upper mantle beneath SE Asia. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2006, 154:180-195.
20. Li H., Su W., Wang C., et al. Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography in western Sichuan and eastern Tibet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 282:201-211.
21. Li S., Mooney W.D., Fan J. Crustal structure of mainland China from deep seismic sounding data. Tectonophysics 2006, 420:239-252.
22. Li Y., Yao H.J., Liu Q.Y. Phase velocity array tomography of Rayleigh waves in western Sichuan from ambient seismic noise. Chin. J. Geophys. 2010, 53(4):842-852.
23. Li Z.W., Roecker S., Li Z.H., et al. Tomographic image of the crust and upper mantle beneath the western Tien Shan from the MANAS broadband deployment: possible evidence for lithospheric delamination. Tectonophysics 2009, 477:49-57.
24. Li Z.W., Xu Y., Huang R., et al. Crustal P-wave velocity structure of the Longmen Shan region and its tectonic implications for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2011, 54:1386-1393.
25. Li Z.W., Hao T.Y., Xu Y. Uppermost mantle structure of the North China Craton: constraints from interstation Pn traveltime difference tomography. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2011, 56:1691-1699.
26. Liang C., Song X., Huang J. Tomographic inversion of Pn traveltimes in China. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:B11304.
27. Liang C., Song X. A low velocity belt beneath northern and eastern Tibetan Plateau from Pn tomography. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L22306.
28. Liu Q.Y., Li Y., Chen J.H., et al. Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake: preliminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle. Chin. J. Geophys. 2009, 52(2):309-319.
29. Lou H., Wang C.Y., Lv Z.Y., et al. Deep tectonic setting of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in southwestern China-Joint analysis of teleseismic P-wave receiver functions and Bouguer gravity anomalies. Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. 2009, 52:166-179.
30. Luo Y., Ni S.D., Zeng X.F., et al. A shallow aftershock sequence in the north-eastern end of the Wenchuan earthquake aftershock zone. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2010, 53:1655-1664.
31. McNamara D.E., Walter W.R., Owens T.J., et al. Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn traveltime tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(B1):493-505.
32. Molnar P., Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Science 1975, 189:419-426.
33. Molnar P. A review of geophysical constraints on the deep structure of the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalaya and the Karakoram, and their tectonic implications. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 1988, 327:33-88.
34. Paige C.C., Saunders M.A. LSQR: an algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares. TOMS 1982, 8(1):43-71.
35. Pei S., Zhao J., Sun Y., et al. Upper mantle seismic velocities and anisotropy in China determined through Pn and Sn tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B05312.
36. Phillips W.S., Rowe C.A., Steck L.K. The use of interstation P wave arrival time differences to account for regional path variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L11301.
37. Phillips W.S., Begnaud M.L., Rowe C.A., et al. Accounting for lateral variations of the upper mantle gradient in Pn tomography studies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L14312.
38. Roecker S., Thurber C., Roberts K., et al. Refining the image of the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California using a finite difference traveltime computation technique. Tectonophysics 2006, 426:189-205.
39. Roecker S., Baker B., McLaughlin J. A finite-difference algorithm for full waveform teleseismic tomography. Geophys. J. Int. 2010, 181(2):1017-1040.
40. Royden L.H., Burchfiel B.C., King R.W., et al. Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet. Science 1997, 276:788-790.
41. Royden L.H., Burchfiel B.C., van der Hilst R.D. The geological evolution of the Tibetan plateau. Science 2008, 321:1054-1058.
42. Seward A.M., Henderson C.M., Smith E.G.C. Models of the upper mantle beneath the central North Island, New Zealand, from speeds and anisotropy of subhorizontal P waves (Pn). J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:B01301.
43. Sun Y., Kuleli S., Morgan D.F., et al. Location robustness of earthquakes in Sichuan Province, China. Seismol. Res. Lett. 2004, 75(1):54-62.
44. Waldhauser F., Ellsworth W.L. A double-difference earthquake location algorithm: method and application to the northern Hayward Fault. California Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2000, 90:1353-1368.
45. Wang C.Y., Wu J.P., Lou H., et al. P-wave crustal velocity structure in western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region. Sci. China-Ser. D Earth Sci. 2003, 33(Suppl.):181-189.
46. Wang C.Y., Lou H., Lu Z., et al. S-wave crustal and upper mantle's velocity structure in the eastern Tibetan Plateau-deep environment of lower crustal flow. Sci. China Ser. D.-Earth Sci. 2008, 51:263-274.
47. Wang W.M., Zhao L.F., Li J., et al. Rupture process of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan. Chin. J. Geophys. 2008, 51(5):1403-1410.
48. Wang C.Y., Lou H., Silver P.G., et al. Crustal structure variation along 30°N in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 289:367-376.
49. Wen X.Z. Quantitative Assessments of Earthquake Potential on Active Faults 1995, Seismological Press, Beijing.
50. Wu J.P., Huang Y., Zhang T.Z., et al. Aftershock distribution of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and three dimensional P-wave velocity structure in and around source region. Chin. J. Geophys. 2009, 52(2):320-328.
51. Xu L., Rondenay S., van der Hilst R.D. Structure of the crust beneath the southeastern Tibetan Plateau from teleseismic receiver functions. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2007, 165:176-193.
52. Xu X.W., Wen X.Z., Ye J.Q., et al. The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure. Seismol. Geol. 2008, 30(3):597-629.
53. Xu Z., Song X. Joint inversion for crustal and Pn velocities and Moho depth in Eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonophysics 2010, 491:185-193.
54. Xu Y., Li Z., Huang R., et al. Seismic structure of the Longmen Shan region from S-wave tomography and its relationship with the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake on 12 May 2008, sourthwestern China. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L02304.
55. Xu Y., Li Z., Huang R., et al. Pn-wave velocity and anisotropy of the western Sichuan and Longmen Mountain region, China. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2010, 53:1665-1670.
56. Yao H., Beghein C., van der Hilst R.D. Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis: II. Crustal and upper mantle structure. Geophys. J. Int. 2008, 173:205-219.
57. Yang Y., Zheng Y., Chen J., et al. Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps of Tibet and the surrounding regions from ambient seismic noise tomography. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2010, 11:Q08010.
58. Zhang H., Thurber C.H. Double-difference tomography: the method and its application to Hayward Fault. California Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2003, 93:1875-1889.
59. Zhao L., Xie J. Lateral variations in compressional velocities beneath the Tibetan plateau from Pn travel-time tomography. Geophys. J. Int. 1993, 115:1070-1084.
60. Zhang P.Z., Shen Z., Wang M., et al. Continuous deformation of the Tibetan plateau from global positioning system data. Geology 2004, 32:809-812.
61. Zhang P.Z., Xu X.W., Wen X.Z., et al. Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chin. J. Geophys. 2008, 51(4):1066-1073.
62. Zhang Z., Wang Y., Chen Y., et al. Crustal structure across Longmenshan fault belt from passive source seismic profiling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L17310.
63. Zhang Z.J., Yuan X.H., Chen Y., et al. Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010, 2010(292):254-264.
64. Zheng Y., Ma H., Lu Y., et al. Source mechanism of strong aftershocks (Ms≥5.6) of the 2008/05/12 Wenchuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics. Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. 2009, 52:739-753.
65. Zheng Y., Yang Y.J., Ritzwoller M.H., et al. Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau, the Ordos block and the Sichuan Basin from ambient noise tomography. Earthq. Sci. 2010, 23:465-476.