Pyrolyzed phthalocyanines as surrogate carbon catalysts: Initial insights into oxygen-transfer mechanisms

Fuel

Volumn 99, Issue , 2012, Pages 106-117

  Vallejos Burgos, Fernando ^a,e   Utsumi, Shigenori ^a,f   Hattori, Yoshiyuki ^b   García, Ximena ^a   Gordon, Alfredo L ^a   Kanoh, Hirofumi ^c   Kaneko, Katsumi ^b,c   Radovic, Ljubisa R ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONCEPCIÓN   (Chile)

^b SHINSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c CHIBA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY AT QATAR   (Qatar)

^f TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Heat treatment; Metal carbon; Moiety; Oxygen transfer; Phthalocyanine

Indexed keywords

CARBON CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL CHANGE; COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE; DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE; ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS; FINE STRUCTURES; HETEROATOMS; INERT ATMOSPHERES; INTERMEDIATE HEAT TREATMENT; METAL PARTICLE; METAL-CARBON; METAL-FREE PHTHALOCYANINE; METALPHTHALOCYANINES; MICROPORES; MOIETY; NITROGEN CONTENT; NO REDUCTION REACTIONS; NONISOTHERMAL; OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; OXYGEN TRANSFER; PHTHALOCYANINE; POROSITY CHANGES; SURFACE AREA; XAFS;

ADSORPTION; CARBON DIOXIDE; COBALT; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION; ENERGY CONVERSION; GASIFICATION; METALS; OXYGEN; PHOTOELECTRONS; PLATINUM; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84862236439     PISSN: 00162361     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.055     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. C.W.B. Bezerra, L. Zhang, K. Lee, H. Liu, A.L.B. Marques, and E.P. Marques A review of Fe-N/C and Co-N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction Electrochim Acta 53 2008 4937 4951
2. E.A. Lawton The thermal stability of copper phthalocyanine J Phys Chem 62 1958 384
3. I. Souma Carbonization of copper phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1972 1059 1064
4. I. Souma, and K. Kotsuka Pyrolysis of cobalt phthalocyanine and nickel phthalocyanine Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1974 1249 1252
5. I. Souma, and K. Kotsuka Pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1 1974 1811 1813
6. R. Jasinski A new fuel cells cathode catalyst Nature 201 1964 1212 1213
7. R. Jasinski Cobalt phthalocyanine as a fuel cell cathode J Electrochem Soc 112 1965 526 528
8. 2 reduction of some heat-treated polyacrylonitrile and phthalocyanine cobalt compounds adsorbed on carbon black as probed by electrochemistry and X-ray absorption-spectroscopy J Phys Chem 96 1992 10898 10905
9. R. Baker, D.P. Wilkinson, and J.J. Zhang Electrocatalytic activity and stability of substituted iron phthalocyanines towards oxygen reduction evaluated at different temperatures Electrochim Acta 53 2008 6906 6919
10. A. Biloul, O. Contamin, G. Scarbeck, M. Savy, D. van den Ham, and J. Riga Oxygen reduction in acid media: effect of iron substitution by cobalt on heat-treated naphthalocyanine impregnations supported on preselected carbon blacks J Electroanal Chem 335 1992 163 186
11. L. Dignard-Bailey, M.L. Trudeau, A. Joly, R. Schulz, G. Lalande, and D. Guay Graphitization and particle size analysis of pyrolyzed cobalt phthalocyanine/carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells J Mater Res 9 1994 3203 3209
12. F. Harnisch, N.A. Savastenko, F. Zhao, H. Steffen, V. Brusser, and U. Schroder Comparative study on the performance of pyrolyzed and plasma-treated iron(II) phthalocyanine-based catalysts for oxygen reduction in pH neutral electrolyte solutions J Power Sources 193 2009 86 92
13. S. Kim, and G. Kwag Increased catalytic activity of iron phthalocyanine on the electrochemical nitrite reduction upon heat-treatment probed by x-ray absorption fine structure Bull Korean Chem Soc 23 2002 25 26
14. M. Ladouceur, G. Lalande, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, L. Dignard-Bailey, and M.L. Trudeau Pyrolyzed cobalt phthalocyanine as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction J Electrochem Soc 140 1993 1974 1981 (Pubitemid 23676811)
15. G. Lalande, G. Faubert, R. Côté, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, and L.T. Weng Catalytic activity and stability of heat-treated iron phthalocyanines for the electroreduction of oxygen in polymer electrolyte fuel cells J Power Sources 61 1996 227 237 (Pubitemid 126358059)
16. Y. Nabae, S. Moriya, K. Matsubayashi, S.M. Lyth, M. Malon, and L.B. Wu The role of Fe species in the pyrolysis of Fe phthalocyanine and phenolic resin for preparation of carbon-based cathode catalysts Carbon 48 2010 2613 2624
17. G. Tamizhmani, J.P. Dodelet, D. Guay, and G. Lalande Electrocatalytic activity of Nafion-impregnated pyrolyzed cobalt phthalocyanine J Electrochem Soc 141 1994 41 45
18. J.A.R. van Veen, H.A. Colijn, and J.F. van Baar On the effect of a heat treatment on the structure of carbon-supported metalloporphyrins and phthalocyanines Electrochim Acta 33 1988 801 804 (Pubitemid 18624159)
19. L. Wu, Y. Nabae, S. Moriya, K. Matsubayashi, N.M. Islam, and S. Kuroki Pt-free cathode catalysts prepared via multi-step pyrolysis of Fe phthalocyanine and phenolic resin for fuel cells Chem Commun 46 2010 6377 6379
20. F. Zhao, F. Harnisch, U. Schroder, F. Scholz, P. Bogdanoff, and I. Herrmann Application of pyrolysed iron(II) phthalocyanine and CoTMPP based oxygen reduction catalysts as cathode materials in microbial fuel cells Electrochem Commun 7 2005 1405 1410 (Pubitemid 41660204)
21. S. Huang, and L. Dai Microscopic and macroscopic structures of carbon nanotubes produced by pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine J Nanopart Res 4 2002 145 155 (Pubitemid 135713412)
22. S. Huang, L. Dai, and A. Mau Synthesis and structures of aligned branched carbon nanotubes produced by pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine Physica B: Condensed Matter 323 2002 336 338 (Pubitemid 35019077)
23. N.S. Kim, Y.T. Lee, J. Park, J.B. Han, Y.S. Choi, and S.Y. Choi Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown by pyrolysis of iron, cobalt, and nickel phthalocyanines J Phys Chem B 107 2003 9249 9255
24. B.C. Liu, T.J. Lee, S.H. Lee, C.Y. Park, and C.J. Lee Large-scale synthesis of high-purity well-aligned carbon nanotubes using pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine and acetylene Chem Phys Lett 377 2003 55 59
25. S.A. Mamuru, and K.I. Ozoemena Heterogeneous electron transfer and oxygen reduction reaction at nanostructured iron(ii) phthalocyanine and Its MWCNTs nanocomposites Electroanalysis 22 2010 985 994
26. J. Song, M. Sun, Q. Chen, J. Wang, G. Zhang, and Z. Xue Field emission from carbon nanotube arrays fabricated by pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine J Phys D: Appl Phys 37 2004 5 9
27. X. Wang, W. Hu, Y. Liu, C. Long, Y. Xu, and S. Zhou Bamboo-like carbon nanotubes produced by pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine Carbon 39 2001 1533 1536 (Pubitemid 32605545)
28. X.B. Wang, Y.Q. Liu, and D.B. Zhu Honeycomb-like alignments of carbon nanotubes synthesized by pyrolysis of a metal phthalocyanine Appl Phys A: Mater Sci Process 71 2000 347 348
29. M. Yudasaka, R. Kikuchi, Y. Ohki, and S. Yoshimura Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotube growth from Ni phthalocyanine by chemical vapor deposition Carbon 35 1997 195 201 (Pubitemid 127379720)
30. L.J. Zhi, T. Gorelik, R. Friedlein, J.S. Wu, U. Kolb, and W.R. Salaneck Solid-state pyrolyses of metal phthalocyanines: a simple approach towards nitrogen-doped CNTs and metal/carbon nanocables Small 1 2005 798 801 (Pubitemid 43951703)
31. A.J. Appleby Oxygen reduction on oxide-free platinum in 85% orthophosphoric acid: temperature and impurity dependence J Electrochem Soc 117 1970 328 335
32. M.J. Illán-Gómez, A. Linares-Solano, L.R. Radovic, and C. Salinas-Martínez de Lecea NO reduction by activated carbons. 7. Some mechanistic implications of catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction Energy Fuels 10 1996 158 168 (Pubitemid 126515291)
33. D.W. McKee The catalyzed gasification reactions of carbon P.L. Walker Jr. P.A. Thrower, Chemistry and physics of carbon 1981 Marcel Dekker New York 1 118
34. L.R. Radovic Reactivity of carbons and graphites K.H.J. Buschow, R.W. Cahn, M.C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E.J. Kramer, S. Mahajan, Encyclopedia of materials: science and technology 2001 Pergamon Press Oxford 975 985
35. F.J. Long, and K.W. Sykes The catalysis of the oxidation of carbon J Chim Phys 47 1950 361 378
36. L.R. Radovic, M. Karra, K. Skokova, and P.A. Thrower The role of substitutional boron in carbon oxidation Carbon 36 1998 1841 1854 (Pubitemid 128425326)
37. E. Rideal, and W. Wright Low temperature oxidation at charcoal surfaces. Part II. The behaviour of charcoal in the presence of promoters J Chem Soc 1926 1813 1821
38. H.F. Stoeckli Microporous carbons and their characterization: the present state of the art Carbon 28 1990 1 6
39. H.F. Stoeckli, P. Rebstein, and L. Ballerini On the assessment of microporosity in active carbons, a comparison of theoretical and experimental data Carbon 28 1990 907 909
40. B. Lanson Decomposition of experimental x-ray diffraction patterns (profile fitting): a convenient way to study clay minerals Clay Clay Min 45 1997 132 146
41. Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, et al., Gaussian 03, Revision C.02, in, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2004.
42. R. Withnall, B.Z. Chowdhry, S. Bell, and T.J. Dines Computational Chemistry Using Modern Electronic Structure Methods J Chem Educ 84 2007 1364 1370 (Pubitemid 47208728)
43. A.S. Gow, and J. Phillips Calorimetric study of oxygen adsorption on a high surface area polymer-derived carbon Energy Fuels 6 1992 184 188
44. P. Ehrburger, O.P. Mahajan, and P.L. Walker Jr Adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen on surface-modified carbons J Colloid Interface Sci 57 1976 233 239
45. Y. Lu, and R.G. Reddy The electrochemical behavior of cobalt phthalocyanine/platinum as methanol-resistant oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts for DMFC Electrochim Acta 52 2007 2562 2569 (Pubitemid 46123287)
46. K. Kaneko, C. Ishii, M. Ruike, and H. Kuwabara Origin of superhigh surface area and microcrystalline graphitic structures of activated carbons Carbon 30 1992 1075 1088
47. P.J.M. Carrott, R.A. Roberts, and K.S.W. Sing Adsorption of nitrogen by porous and non-porous carbons Carbon 25 1987 59 68
48. J. Garrido, A. Linares-Solano, J.M. Martin-Martinez, M. Molina-Sabio, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, and R. Torregrosa Use of nitrogen vs. carbon dioxide in the characterization of activated carbons Langmuir 3 1987 76 81 (Pubitemid 17517063)
49. A.C. Ferrari, and J. Robertson Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon Phys Rev B 61 2000 14095 14107
50. F. Vallejos-Burgos, N. Díaz-Pérez, A. Silva-Villalobos, R. Jiménez, X. García, and A.L. Gordon On the structural and reactivity differences between biomass- and coal-derived chars, in: extended abstracts, 22nd biennial conf on carbon 2010 American Carbon Society, Clemson University SC, USA
51. R.E. Franklin Crystallite growth in graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons Proc R Soc Lond A 209 1951 196 218
52. D. Cai, and M. Song Preparation of fully exfoliated graphite oxide nanoplatelets in organic solvents J Mater Chem 17 2007 3678 3680 (Pubitemid 47330696)
53. W.S. Hummers Jr, and R.E. Offeman Preparation of graphitic oxide J Am Chem Soc 80 1958 1339
54. G. Lalande, R. Côté, G. Tamizhmani, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, and L. Dignard-Bailey Physical, chemical and electrochemical characterization of heat-treated tetracarboxylic cobalt phthalocyanine adsorbed on carbon black as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells Electrochim Acta 40 1995 2635 2646
55. T. Kyotani, Z. Ma, and A. Tomita Template synthesis of novel porous carbons using various types of zeolites Carbon 41 2003 1451 1459
56. N.S. Murthy, S.O. Dantas, Z. Iqbal, and R.H. Baughman X-ray diffraction evidence for the formation of a discotic phase during graphitization Carbon 39 2001 809 813 (Pubitemid 32303062)
57. S. Kundu, A.K. Naskar, A.A. Ogale, D.P. Anderson, and J.R. Arnold Observations on a low-angle X-ray diffraction peak for AR-HP mesophase pitch Carbon 46 2008 1166 1169
58. H. Fujimoto Theoretical X-ray scattering intensity of carbons with turbostratic stacking and AB stacking structures Carbon 41 2003 1585 1592
59. G.A. Williams, B.N. Figgis, R. Mason, S.A. Mason, and P.E. Fielding Structure of phthalocyanatocobalt(II) at 4.3 K: a neutron-diffraction study J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 9 1980 1688 1692
60. J.P.A. Heuts, E.T.W.M. Schipper, P. Piet, and A.L. German Molecular mechanics calculations on cobalt phthalocyanine dimers J Mol Struct: THEOCHEM 333 1995 39 47
61. B.N. Figgis, E.S. Kucharski, and P.A. Reynolds Electronic structure of cobalt phthalocyanine: a charge density study J Am Chem Soc 111 1989 1683 1692
62. J. Giber, R. Drube, and V. Dose Critical point energies in hcp and fcc cobalt from appearance potential spectra Appl Phys A: Mater Sci Process 52 1991 167 170 (Pubitemid 21685436)
63. A.M. Saib, A. Borgna, J. van de Loosdrecht, P.J. van Berge, and J.W. Niemantsverdriet XANES study of the susceptibility of nano-sized cobalt crystallites to oxidation during realistic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Appl Catal A: General 312 2006 12 19 (Pubitemid 44382636)
64. T. Shi, Y. Wang, Z. Yin, Y. Zhang, and S. Yan Study of the O K-edge XANES of Cobalt-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors J Phys: Conf Ser 193 2009 012099
65. J. Shirakawa, M. Nakayama, Y. Uchimoto, and M. Wakihara Multiple scattering calculation for Co K-Edge XANES spectra of nanometer-scale metal deposited during Li insertion into LiCoVO4 Electrochem Solid-State Lett 9 2006 A200 A202
66. S. Kera, M.B. Casu, K.R. Bauchspieß, D. Batchelor, T. Schmidt, and E. Umbach Growth mode and molecular orientation of phthalocyanine molecules on metal single crystal substrates: a NEXAFS and XPS study Surf Sci 600 2006 1077 1084
67. B. Brena, Y. Luo, M. Nyberg, S. Carniato, K. Nilson, and Y. Alfredsson Equivalent core-hole time-dependent density functional theory calculations of carbon 1s shake-up states of phthalocyanine Phys Rev B 70 2004 195214
68. T. Enokida, and R. Hirohashi Cobalt phthalocyanine crystal synthesized at low temperature Chem Mater 3 1991 918 921
69. E. Paez-Mozo, N. Gabriunas, F. Lucaccioni, D.D. Acosta, P. Patrono, and A. La Ginestra Cobalt phthalocyanine encapsulated in Y zeolite: a physicochemical study J Phys Chem 97 1993 12819 12827
70. L. Ottaviano, S. Di Nardo, L. Lozzi, M. Passacantando, P. Picozzi, and S. Santucci Thin and ultra-thin films of nickel phthalocyanine grown on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite: an XPS, UHV-AFM and air tapping-mode AFM study Surf Sci 373 1997 318 332 (Pubitemid 127380128)
71. N. Papageorgiou, Y. Ferro, E. Salomon, A. Allouche, J.M. Layet, and L. Giovanelli Geometry and electronic structure of lead phthalocyanine: quantum calculations via density-functional theory and photoemission measurements Phys Rev B 68 2003 235105
72. B.A. Sexton, A.E. Hughes, and T.W. Turney An XPS and TPR study of the reduction of promoted cobalt-kieselguhr Fischer-Tropsch catalysts J Catal 97 1986 390 406
73. Y. Niwa, H. Kobayashi, and T. Tsuchiya X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of tetraphenylporphin and phthalocyanine J Chem Phys 60 1974 799 807
74. A.C. Lua, F.Y. Lau, and J. Guo Influence of pyrolysis conditions on pore development of oil-palm-shell activated carbons J Anal Appl Pyrol 76 2006 96 102 (Pubitemid 43233926)
75. A.M. Youssef Heat of wetting in relation to some surface properties of charcoals Carbon 13 1975 449 450
76. R.G. Jenkins, S.P. Nandi, and P.L. Walker Jr Reactivity of heat-treated coals in air at 500 °C Fuel 52 1973 288 293
77. L.R. Radovic, P.L. Walker Jr, and R.G. Jenkins Importance of carbon active sites in the gasification of coal chars Fuel 62 1983 849 856
78. B. Stöhr, H.P. Boehm, and R. Schlögl Enhancement of the catalytic activity of activated carbons in oxidation reactions by thermal treatment with ammonia or hydrogen cyanide and observation of a superoxide species as a possible intermediate Carbon 29 1991 707 720 (Pubitemid 21684529)
79. M.C. dos Santos, and F. Alvarez Nitrogen substitution of carbon in graphite: structure evolution toward molecular forms Phys Rev B 58 1998 13918 13924 (Pubitemid 128480424)
80. I. Aarna, and E.M. Suuberg A review of the kinetics of the nitric oxide-carbon reaction Fuel 76 1997 475 491 (Pubitemid 127423605)
81. H. Teng, E.M. Suuberg, and J.M. Calo Studies on the reduction of nitric oxide by carbon: the nitric oxide-carbon gasification reaction Energy Fuels 6 1992 398 406
82. M.J. Illan-Gomez, A. Linares-Solano, C. Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, and J.M. Calo Nitrogen oxide (NO) reduction by activated carbons. 1. The role of carbon porosity and surface area Energy Fuels 7 1993 146 154 (Pubitemid 23670286)
83. J.A. Moulijn, and F. Kapteijn Towards a unified theory of reactions of carbon with oxygen-containing molecules Carbon 33 1995 1155 1165
84. R. Phillips, F.J. Vastola, and P.L. Walker Jr. The effect of oxygen pressure and carbon burn-off on the product ratio of the carbon-oxygen reaction Carbon 7 1969 479 485
85. R. Phillips, F.J. Vastola, and P.L. Walker Jr Factors affecting the product ratio of the carbon-oxygen reaction-II. Reaction temperature Carbon 8 1970 205 210
86. 2 formation in carbon oxidation J Am Chem Soc 131 2009 17166 17175
87. S.G. Chen, R.T. Yang, F. Kapteijn, and J.A. Moulijn A new surface oxygen complex on carbon: toward a unified mechanism for carbon gasification reactions Ind Eng Chem Res 32 1993 2835 2840
88. L.R. Radovic, A.B. Silva-Tapia, and F. Vallejos-Burgos Oxygen migration on the graphene surface. 1. Origin of epoxide groups Carbon 49 2011 4218 4225
89. T. Inui, T. Otowa, and Y. Takegami Complete conversion of nitric oxide over the composite catalyst supported on active carbon Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Develop 21 1982 56 59 (Pubitemid 12089590)
90. S. Utsumi, F.E. Vallejos-Burgos, C.M. Campos, X. García, A.L. Gordon, and G. Pecchi Preparation and characterization of inexpensive heterogeneous catalysts for air pollution control: two case studies Catal Today 123 2007 208 217 (Pubitemid 46756171)
91. P.L. Walker Jr, R.L. Taylor, and J.M. Ranish An update on the carbon-oxygen reaction Carbon 29 1991 411 421