Sacral sparing in SCI: Beyond the S4-S5 and anorectal examination

Spine Journal

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 389-400.e3

  Zariffa, José ^a   Kramer, John L K ^a   Jones, Linda A T ^b   Lammertse, Daniel P ^c   Curt, Armin ^d   Steeves, John D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b GERON CORPORATION   (United States)

^c CRAIG HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d BALGRIST UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

AIS grade; Prediction; Sacral sparing; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DERMATOME; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SACRAL SPINAL CORD; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

EID: 84862200933     PISSN: 15299430     EISSN: 18781632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.03.028     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. J.D. Steeves, D. Lammertse, and A. Curt Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury (SCI) as developed by the ICCP panel: clinical trial outcome measures Spinal Cord 45 2007 206 221 (Pubitemid 46340849)
2. J.W. Fawcett, A. Curt, and J.D. Steeves Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials Spinal Cord 45 2007 190 205 (Pubitemid 46340848)
3. J.D. Steeves, J.K. Kramer, and J.W. Fawcett Extent of spontaneous motor recovery after traumatic cervical sensorimotor complete spinal cord injury Spinal Cord 49 2011 257 265
4. J. Zariffa, J.L. Kramer, and J.W. Fawcett Characterization of neurological recovery following traumatic sensorimotor complete thoracic spinal cord injury Spinal Cord 49 2011 463 471
5. R.J. Marino, S. Burns, and D.E. Graves Upper- and lower-extremity motor recovery after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: an update from the national spinal cord injury database Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92 2011 369 375
6. American Spinal Injury Association International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury, revised 2000, reprinted 2002 2002 American Spinal Injury Association Chicago, IL
7. American Spinal Injury Association. ISNCSCI Form. Available at: http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org/publications/59544-sc-Exam-Sheet-r4.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2012.
8. R.L. Waters, R.H. Adkins, and J.S. Yakura Definition of complete spinal cord injury Paraplegia 29 1991 573 581
9. S.C. Schrader, T.B. Sloan, and J.R. Toleikis Detection of sacral sparing in acute spinal cord injury Spine 12 1987 533 535 (Pubitemid 17150973)
10. R.J. Marino, J.F. Ditunno Jr., W.H. Donovan, and F. Maynard Jr. Neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: data from the model spinal cord injury systems Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80 1999 1391 1396 (Pubitemid 29526635)
11. S. Kirshblum, A. Botticello, and D.P. Lammertse The impact of sacral sensory sparing in motor complete spinal cord injury Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92 2011 376 383
12. European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury. Available at: www.emsci.org. Accessed November 16, 2011.
13. National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center database. Available at: www.nscisc.uab.edu/public-content/nscisc-database.aspx. Accessed November 16, 2011.
14. F.H. Geisler, W.P. Coleman, G. Grieco, D. Poonian Sygen Study Group Measurements and recovery patterns in a multicenter study of acute spinal cord injury Spine 26 2001 S68 S86
15. W.P. Coleman, and F.H. Geisler Injury severity as primary predictor of outcome in acute spinal cord injury: retrospective results from a large multicenter clinical trial Spine J 4 2004 373 378 (Pubitemid 38986977)
16. American Spinal Injury Association Standards for neurological classification of spinal injury patients 1989 American Spinal Injury Association Chicago, IL
17. G. Savic, E.M. Bergstrom, and H.L. Frankel Inter-rater reliability of motor and sensory examinations performed according to American Spinal Injury Association standards Spinal Cord 45 2007 444 451 (Pubitemid 46878149)
18. R.J. Marino, L. Jones, and S. Kirshblum Reliability and repeatability of the motor and sensory examination of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury J Spinal Cord Med 31 2008 166 170 (Pubitemid 351951351)
19. L. Vogel, A. Samdani, and R. Chafetz Intra-rater agreement of the anorectal exam and classification of injury severity in children with spinal cord injury Spinal Cord 47 2009 687 691
20. A. Samdani, R.S. Chafetz, and L.C. Vogel The international standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: relationship between S4-5 dermatome testing and anorectal testing Spinal Cord 49 2011 352 356
21. J.J. van Middendorp, A.J. Hosman, A.R. Donders EM-SCI Study Group A clinical prediction rule for ambulation outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury: a longitudinal cohort study Lancet 377 2011 1004 1010