Can Social Network Analysis be Effective at Improving the Intelligence Community While Ensuring Civil Rights?

Information Security Journal

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 115-126

  Gumm, Kenneth Earl ^a  

^a K4 CSR Transportation Security Administration Contact Center   (United States)

Author keywords

DARPA; intelligence community; social network analysis; terrorism

Indexed keywords

HISTORY; NETWORK SECURITY; SOCIAL NETWORKING (ONLINE);

ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS; CIVIL RIGHTS; DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY; INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS; INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITIES; INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM; PRIVACY PROTECTION; SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS; TERRORIST ACTS; US GOVERNMENT;

TERRORISM;

EID: 84862160139     PISSN: 19393555     EISSN: 19393547     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19393555.2011.647251     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Backus, G., & Glass, R. (2005). An agent-based model component to a framework for the analysis of terrorist-group dynamics. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories. htpp://citeseerx.ist.psu eduviewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.9584&rep
2. Best, R. (2009). Intelligence issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33539.pdf (http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33539.pdf)
3. Block, F. (2007). Swimming against the current: The hidden developmental state in the U.S. Politics and Society. 36, pp. 169-206. http://sociology.ucdavis.edu/people/fzblock/pdf/swimming.pdf (http://sociology.ucdavis.edu/people/fzblock/pdf/swimming.pdf)
4. Carley, K. (2009). Dynamic network analysis for counter-terrorism. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Melon University. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12083&page=169
5. Carley, K., Diesner, J., Reminga, J., & Tsvetovat, M. (2006). Toward an interoperable dynamic network analysis toolkit. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Melon University. http://https://community.bus.emory.edu/dept/ISOM/Shared%20Documents/Hightower%20Speaker%20Papers/KathleenCarley.pdf
6. Cate, F. (2008). Government data mining: The need for a legal framework. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 43(2), pp. 435-489. http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/crcl/vol43_2/435-490_Cate.pdf (http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/crcl/vol43_2/435-490_Cate.pdf)
7. Crenshaw, M. 2005. Terrorism in context, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
8. DeRosa, M. (2004). Data mining and data analysis for counterterrorism. Washington, DC: The CSIC Press. http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/040301_data_mining_report.pdf (http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/040301_data_mining_report.pdf)
9. Deshpande, S. P., & Thakare, V. M. (2010, September). Data mining system and applications: A review. International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems, 1(1), pp. 32-44. http://airccse.org/journal/ijdps/papers/0910ijdps03.pdf (http://airccse.org/journal/ijdps/papers/0910ijdps03.pdf)
10. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (2009). Strategic plan May 2009. Arlington, VA: Author. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15833928/Defense-Advanced-Research-Projects-Agencys-DARPA-Strategic-Plan-May-2009 (http://www.scribd.com/doc/15833928/Defense-Advanced-Research-Projects-Agencys-DARPA-Strategic-Plan-May-2009)
11. Duval, R., Christenson, K., & Spahiu, A. (2010). Bootstrapping a terrorist network. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/pnconfs (http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/pnconfs)
12. Fuchs, E. (2010). Rethinking the role of the state in technology development: DARPA and the case for embedded network governance. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University. http://repository.cmu.edu/epp/3 (http://repository.cmu.edu/epp/3)
13. Hanneman, R., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California. http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/nettext/C1_Social_Network_Data.html (http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/nettext/C1_Social_Network_Data.html)
14. The privacy implications of government data mining programs: Hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, (2007) (testimony of Kim Taipale). http://data-mining-testimony.info/ (http://data-mining-testimony.info/)
15. Heuer, R. (1999). Psychology of intelligence analysis. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Center for the Study of Intelligence. http://https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/psychology-of-intelligence-analysis/index.html (http://https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/psychology-of-intelligence-analysis/index.html)
16. Hulst, R. (2009). Introduction to social network analysis as an investigative tool. The Hague, the Netherlands: Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=10&sid=d013775abb12405cb8dd70f6c135091f%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=tsh&AN=40529769.
17. Huisman, M., & van Duijn, M. (2003). Software for social network analysis. Groningen, the Netherlands: University of Groningen. http://stat.gamma.rug.nl/Software%20for%20Social%20Network%20Analysis%20CUP_ch13_Oct2003.pdf (http://stat.gamma.rug.nl/Software%20for%20Social%20Network%20Analysis%20CUP_ch13_Oct2003.pdf)
18. Jensen, D., Rattigan, M., & Blau, H. (2003). Information awareness: A prospective technical assessment. http://kdl.cs.umass.edu/papers/jensen-et-al-kdd2003.pdf (http://kdl.cs.umass.edu/papers/jensen-et-al-kdd2003.pdf)
19. Katz, v. 1967. U.S. 347,361: United States. 389.
20. Koltko-Rivera, M. (2004). Detection of terrorist preparations by an artificial intelligence expert system employing fuzzy signal detection theory. London, England: RTO SCI Symposium on Systems, Concepts and Integration Methods and Technologies for Defence Against Terrorism. http://psg-fl.com/downloads/NATO%20-%20Detection%20of%20Terrorist%20Preparations.pdf (http://psg-fl.com/downloads/NATO%20-%20Detection%20of%20Terrorist%20Preparations.pdf)
21. Koschade, S. (2006). A social network analysis of Jemaah Islamiyah: The applications to counter-terrorism and intelligence. Queensland, Australia: Queensland University of Technology. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/6074/ (http://eprints.qut.edu.au/6074/)
22. Krebs, V. (2002). Uncloaking terrorist networks. First Monday, 7(4). http://131.193.153.231/www/issues/issue7_4/krebs/ (http://131.193.153.231/www/issues/issue7_4/krebs/)
23. Krueger, A., & Maleckova, J. (2002). Education, poverty, violence, and terrorism: Is there a causal connection? (Working Paper 9074). Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research. www.nber.org/papers/W9074 (http://www.nber.org/papers/W9074)
24. Kutcher, C. (2008). Social network analysis-linking foreign terrorist organizations. International Analyst Network. http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=1590 (http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=1590)
25. Lia, B., & Skjolberg, K. (2004). Causes of terrorism: An expanded and updated review of the literature (FFI/RAPPORT-2004/04307). Kjeller, Norway: Norwegian Defense Research Establishment. http://rapporter.ffi.no/rapporter/2004/04307.pdf (http://rapporter.ffi.no/rapporter/2004/04307.pdf)
26. Markle Foundation. (2003). Creating a trusted network for homeland security. New York, NY: Author. http://www.markle.org/publications/666-creating-trusted-network-homeland-security (http://www.markle.org/publications/666-creating-trusted-network-homeland-security)
27. Memon, N., & Larsen, H. (2006). Investigative data mining toolkit: A software prototype for visualizing, analyzing and destabilizing terrorist networks. Esbjerg, Denmark: Aalborg University. http://www.dtic.mil/cgibin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA477075
28. Perliger, A., & Pedahzur, A. (2010). Social network analysis in the study of terrorism and political violence. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University. http://utexas.academia.edu/AmiPedahzur/Papers/290973/Social_Network_Analysis_in_the_Study_of_Terrorism_and_Political_Violence (http://utexas.academia.edu/AmiPedahzur/Papers/290973/Social_Network_Analysis_in_the_Study_of_Terrorism_and_Political_Violence)
29. Reid, E., & Chen, H. (2006). Mapping the contemporary terrorism research domain. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona. http://ai.arizona.edu/intranet/papers/paper-Reid-terrorism-researcher.pdf (http://ai.arizona.edu/intranet/papers/paper-Reid-terrorism-researcher.pdf)
30. Safire, W. (2002, November 14). You are a suspect. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/14/opinion/you-are-a-suspect.html (http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/14/opinion/you-are-a-suspect.html)
31. Seifert, J. (2008). Data mining and homeland security: An overview. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL31798.pdf (http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL31798.pdf)
32. Skillicorn, D. B. (2004). Social network analysis via matrix decomposition: al Qaeda. Ontario, Canada: Queen's University. http://research.cs.queensu.ca/~skill/alqaeda.pdf (http://research.cs.queensu.ca/~skill/alqaeda.pdf)
33. Smith, B., Damphouse, K., & Paxton, R. (2006). Pre-incident indicators of terrorist incidents: The identification of behavioral, geographic, and temporal patterns of preparatory conduct (Document number 214217). Washington, DC: Department of Justice. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/222909.pdf (http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/222909.pdf)
34. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2007). 2007 report to Congress on the impact of data mining technologies on privacy and civil liberties. Washington, DC: Author. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_rpt_datamining_2008.pdf (http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/privacy_rpt_datamining_2008.pdf)
35. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2010). 2010 data mining report to Congress. Washington, DC: Author. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/2010-dhs-data-mining-report.pdf (http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/privacy/2010-dhs-data-mining-report.pdf)
36. Van Atta, R. (2008). Fifty years of innovation and discovery. Washington, DC: DARPA. www.darpa.mil/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2553 (http://www.darpa.mil/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2553)
37. Watts, D. J. (1999). Networks, dynamics, and the small world phenomenon. American Journal of Sociology, 13(2), pp. 493-527. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~mihail/D.8802readings/watts-swp.pdf (http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~mihail/D.8802readings/watts-swp.pdf)
38. Xu, K., Tang, C., Ali, G., Li, C., Tang, R., & Zhu, J. (2010). A comparative study of six software packages for complex network research. Cheng Du, China: Sichuan University. http://cs.scu.edu.cn/~tangchangjie/paper_doc/2010/XKKcomparision.pdf (http://cs.scu.edu.cn/~tangchangjie/paper_doc/2010/XKKcomparision.pdf)
39. Zegart, A. B. (2005). September 11 and the adaptation failure of U.S. intelligence agencies. International Security, 29(4), 78-111. http://faculty.spa.ucla.edu/zegart/pdf/29.4zegart.pdf (http://faculty.spa.ucla.edu/zegart/pdf/29.4zegart.pdf)