First See, Then Nod: The Role of Temporal Contiguity in Embodied Evaluative Conditioning of Social Attitudes

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 455-461

  Wennekers, Annemarie M ^a   Holland, Rob W ^a   Wigboldus, Daniël H J ^a   van Knippenberg, Ad ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

embodied conditioning; embodiment; head nodding shaking; implicit prejudice; temporal order

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862142768     PISSN: 19485506     EISSN: 19485514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1948550611425862     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Abelson R. P.Psychological status of the script concept.American Psychologist. 1981;36:715-729.
2. Barsalou L. W.Grounded cognition.Annual Review of Psychology. 2008;54:617-645.
3. Bem D. J.Advances in experimental social psychology. Berkowitz L., ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1972:1-62.
4. Bluemke M.,Friese M.Reliability and validity of the single-target IAT (ST-IAT): Assessing automatic affect towards multiple attitude objects.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2008;38:977-997.
5. Briñol P.,Petty R. E.Overt head movements and persuasion: A self-validation analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;84:1123-1139.
6. Briñol P.,Petty R. E.Source factors in persuasion: A self-validation approach.European Review of Social Psychology. 2009;20:49-96.
7. Cacioppo J. T.,Priester J. R.,Berntson G. G.Rudimentary determinants of attitudes II: Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993;65:5-17.
8. De Houwer J.A structural and process analysis of the implicit association test.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2001;37:443-451.
9. De Houwer J.The propositional approach to associative learning as an alternative for association formation models.Learning and Behavior. 2009;37:1-20.
10. De Houwer J.,Thomas S.,Baeyens F.Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning.Psychological Bulletin. 2001;127:853-869.
11. Dotsch R.,Wigboldus D. H. J.Virtual prejudice.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2008;44:1194-1198.
12. Dotsch R.,Wigboldus D. H. J.,Langner O.,Van Knippenberg A.Ethnic out-group faces are biased in the prejudiced mind.Psychological Science. 2008;19:978-980.
13. Field A. P.I like it, but I'm not sure why: Can evaluative conditioning occur without conscious awareness?.Consciousness and Cognition. 2000;9:13-36.
14. Förster J.How body feedback influences consumers' evaluation of products.Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2004;14:416-426.
15. Hofmann W.,De Houwer J.,Perugini M.,Baeyens F.,Crombez G.Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin. 2010;3:390-421.
16. Jones C. R.,Fazio R. H.,Olson M. A.Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;96:933-948.
17. Kawakami K.,Phills C. E.,Steele J. R.,Dovidio J. F.(Close) distance makes the heart grow fonder: Improving implicit racial attitudes and interracial interactions through approach behaviors.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007;92:957-971.
18. Kelley H. H.The process of causal attribution.American Psychologist. 1973;28:107-128.
19. Koch S.,Holland R. W.,Hengstler M.,Van Knippenberg A.Body locomotion as regulatory process: Stepping backward enhances cognitive control.Psychological Science. 2009;20:549-550.
20. Michotte A. E.The perception of causality. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1963:.
21. Mitchell J. P.,Nosek B. A.,Banaji M. R.Contextual variations in implicit evaluation.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2003;132:455-469.
22. Niedenthal P. M.,Barsalou L. W.,Winkielman P.,Krauth-Gruber S.,Ric F.Embodiment in attitudes, social perception and emotion.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2005;9:184-211.
23. Rescorla R. A.Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is.American Psychologist. 1988;43:151-160.
24. Tom G.,Pettersen P.,Lau T.,Burton T.,Cook J.The role over overt head movement in the formation of affect.Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 1991;12:281-289.
25. Verkuyten M.,Zaremba K.Interethnic relations in a changing political context.Social Psychology Quarterly. 2005;68:375-386.
26. Wells G. L.,Petty R. E.The effects of overt head movements on persuasion: Compatibility and incompatibility of responses.Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 1980;1:219-230.
27. Wiers R. W.,Rinck M.,Kordts R.,Houben K.,Strack F.Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers.Addiction. 2010;105:279-287.