PL-30 thromboprophylaxis in non-surgical cancer patients

Thrombosis Research

Volumn 129, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2012, Pages

  Cohen, Alexander T ^a   Gurwith, Meredith M P ^a   Dobromirski, Mark ^a  

^a KING S COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

cancer; Non surgical; Risk assessment model; Thromboprophylaxis; Venous thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; APIXABAN; CERTOPARIN; DABIGATRAN; DALTEPARIN; ENOXAPARIN; GEMCITABINE; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NADROPARIN; RIVAROXABAN; SEMULPARIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WARFARIN; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT;

BLEEDING; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; COLON CANCER; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCER; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FOLLOW UP; GLIOBLASTOMA; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; INTERMITTENT PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION DEVICE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG CANCER; LUNG EMBOLISM; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NEOPLASM; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SKIN CANCER; STOMACH CANCER; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; ARTICLE;

ANTICOAGULANTS; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HEPARIN; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 84862142758     PISSN: 00493848     EISSN: 18792472     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0049-3848(12)70034-8     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (101)

1. WH Geerts, D Bergqvist, GF Pineo, JA Heit, CM Samama, MR Lassen et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition) Chest 133 2008 381S 453S (Pubitemid 351894916)
2. B Lindblad, NH Sternby, D Bergqvist Incidence of venous thromboembolism verified by necropsy over 30 years BMJ 302 1991 709 711
3. DA Sandler, JF Martin Autopsy proven pulmonary embolism in hospital patients: are we detecting enough deep vein thrombosis? J R Soc Med 82 1989 203 205 (Pubitemid 19086881)
4. AT Cohen, RA Edmondson, MJ Phillips, VP Ward, VV Kakkar The changing pattern of venous thromboembolic disease Haemostasis 26 1996 65 71 (Pubitemid 26139622)
5. KL Sperry, CR Key, RE Anderson Toward a population-based assessment of death due to pulmonary embolism in New Mexico Hum Pathol 21 1990 159 165 (Pubitemid 20087158)
6. R Alikhan, F Peters, R Wilmott, AT Cohen Fatal pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients: a necropsy review J Clin Pathol 57 2004 1254 1257 (Pubitemid 39611508)
7. Shojania K, Duncan B, McDonald K, et al. Making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 43 (Prepared by the University of California at San Francisco Stanford Evidence-based Practice Centre under Contract No. 290-97-0013). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, July 2001;332-346; AHRQ Publication No. 01-E058. Available at www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ptsafety/. Accessed February 29 2012.
8. R Alikhan, AT Cohen, S Combe, MM Samama, L Desjardins, A Eldor et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with enoxaparin: a subgroup analysis of the MEDENOX study Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 14 2003 341 346 (Pubitemid 36688187)
9. R Alikhan, AT Cohen, S Combe, MM Samama, L Desjardins, A Eldor et al. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness: analysis of the MEDENOX Study Arch Intern Med 164 2004 963 968 (Pubitemid 38581515)
10. MM Samama, AT Cohen, JY Darmon, L Desjardins, A Eldor, C Janbon et al. A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group N Engl J Med 341 1999 793 800 (Pubitemid 29420474)
11. A Leizorovicz, AT Cohen, AG Turpie, CG Olsson, PT Vaitkus, SZ Goldhaber Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients Circulation 110 2004 874 879 (Pubitemid 39096017)
12. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. International Consensus Statement (guidelines according to scientific evidence) Int Angiol 25 2006 101 161
13. WH Geerts, GF Pineo, JA Heit, D Bergqvist, MR Lassen, CW Colwell et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Chest 126 2004 338S 400S (Pubitemid 39302602)
14. FA Anderson Jr., HB Wheeler, RJ Goldberg, DW Hosmer, A Forcier, NA Patwardhan Physician practices in the prevention of venous thromboembolism Ann Intern Med 115 1991 591 595
15. W Ageno, A Squizzato, F Ambrosini, F Dentali, C Marchesi, V Mera et al. Thrombosis prophylaxis in medical patients: a retrospective review of clinical practice patterns Haematologica 87 2002 746 750 (Pubitemid 34787146)
16. HA Ahmad, A Geissler, DG MacLellan Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis: are guidelines being followed? ANZ J Surg 72 2002 331 334 (Pubitemid 34535384)
17. JF Bergmann, S Mouly Thromboprophylaxis in medical patients: focus on France Semin Thromb Hemost 28 Suppl 3 2002 51 55 (Pubitemid 34971916)
18. JI Arcelus, S Candocia, CI Traverso, F Fabrega, JA Caprini, JH Hasty Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and risk assessment in medical patients Semin Thromb Hemost 17 Suppl 3 1991 313 318
19. AT Cohen, VF Tapson, JF Bergmann, SZ Goldhaber, AK Kakkar, B Deslandes et al. Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): a multinational cross-sectional study Lancet 371 2008 387 394 (Pubitemid 351173321)
20. PA Emerson, P Marks Preventing thromboembolism after myocardial infarction: effect of low-dose heparin or smoking Br Med J 1 1977 18 20 (Pubitemid 8016477)
21. AJ Handley Low-dose heparin after myocardial infarction Lancet 2 1972 623 624
22. MB Donati Cancer and thrombosis Haemostasis 24 1994 128 131 (Pubitemid 24234490)
23. A Falanga, MB Donati Pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with malignancy Int J Hematol 73 2001 137 144 (Pubitemid 33758852)
24. GY Lip, BS Chin, AD Blann Cancer and the prothrombotic state Lancet Oncol 3 2002 27 34 (Pubitemid 34121143)
25. DE Sutherland, IC Weitz, HA Liebman Thromboembolic complications of cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment Am J Hematol 72 2003 43 52 (Pubitemid 36043750)
26. HM Otten, MH Prins, SM Smorenburg, BA Hutten Risk assessment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in non-surgical patients: cancer as a risk factor Haemostasis 30 Suppl 2 2000 72 76 discussion 63. (Pubitemid 32234143)
27. DL Clarke-Pearson, IS Synan, RE Colemen, W Hinshaw, WT Creasman The natural history of postoperative venous thromboemboli in gynecologic oncology: a prospective study of 382 patients Am J Obstet Gynecol 148 1984 1051 1054 (Pubitemid 14136408)
28. LC Marras, WH Geerts, JR Perry The risk of venous thromboembolism is increased throughout the course of malignant glioma: an evidence-based review Cancer 89 2000 640 646 (Pubitemid 30640111)
29. JA Heit, WM O'Fallon, TM Petterson, CM Lohse, MD Silverstein, DN Mohr et al. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study Arch Intern Med 162 2002 1245 1248 (Pubitemid 34595030)
30. AT Cohen, AG Turpie, A Leizorovicz, CG Olsson, PT Vaitkus, SZ Goldhaber Thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin in medical patients: which patients benefit? Vasc Med 12 2007 123 127
31. SZ Goldhaber, A Leizorovicz, AK Kakkar, SK Haas, G Merli, RM Knabb et al. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in medically ill patients N Engl J Med 365 2011 2167 2177
32. Cohen AT, Spiro T, et al. Rivaroxaban compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. 2011.
33. H Halkin, J Goldberg, M Modan, B Modan Reduction of mortality in general medical in-patients by low-dose heparin prophylaxis Ann Intern Med 96 1982 561 565
34. JA Heit, MD Silverstein, DN Mohr, TM Petterson, CM Lohse, WM O'Fallon et al. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community Thromb Haemost 86 2001 452 463 (Pubitemid 32663974)
35. MN Levine, M Gent, J Hirsh, A Arnold, MD Goodyear, W Hryniuk et al. The thrombogenic effect of anticancer drug therapy in women with stage II breast cancer N Engl J Med 318 1988 404 407 (Pubitemid 18044179)
36. T Saphner, DC Tormey, R Gray Venous and arterial thrombosis in patients who received adjuvant therapy for breast cancer J Clin Oncol 9 1991 286 294
37. MM Bern, JJ Lokich, SR Wallach, A Bothe Jr., PN Benotti, CF Arkin et al. Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters. A randomized prospective trial Ann Intern Med 112 1990 423 428 (Pubitemid 20098523)
38. M Monreal, A Alastrue, M Rull, X Mira, J Muxart, R Rosell et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients with venous access devices - prophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) Thromb Haemost 75 1996 251 253 (Pubitemid 26081476)
39. AG Randolph, DJ Cook, CA Gonzales, M Andrew Benefit of heparin in central venous and pulmonary artery catheters: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Chest 113 1998 165 171 (Pubitemid 28044941)
40. GM Joynt, J Kew, CD Gomersall, VY Leung, EK Liu Deep venous thrombosis caused by femoral venous catheters in critically ill adult patients Chest 117 2000 178 183 (Pubitemid 30053638)
41. NZ Mian, R Bayly, DM Schreck, EB Besserman, D Richmand Incidence of deep venous thrombosis associated with femoral venous catheterization Acad Emerg Med 4 1997 1118 1121 (Pubitemid 27520052)
42. SR Kahn, W Lim, AS Dunn, M Cushman, F Dentali, EA Akl et al. Prevention of VTE in Nonsurgical Patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines Chest 141 2012 e195S e226S
43. AA Khorana, NM Kuderer, E Culakova, GH Lyman, CW Francis Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis Blood 111 2008 4902 4907
44. M Levine, J Hirsh, M Gent, A Arnold, D Warr, A Falanga et al. Double-blind randomised trial of a very-low-dose warfarin for prevention of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer Lancet 343 1994 886 889 (Pubitemid 24113632)
45. G Agnelli, G Gussoni, C Bianchini, M Verso, M Mandala, L Cavanna et al. Nadroparin for the prevention of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients with metastatic or locally advanced solid cancer receiving chemotherapy: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Lancet Oncol 10 2009 943 949
46. JR Perry, L Rogers, N Laperriere, J Julian, W Geerts, G Agnelli et al. PRODIGE: A phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial of thromboprophylaxis using dalteparin low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma (Abstract 2001) J Clin Oncol 2011 25
47. SK Haas, M Freund, D Heigener, L Heilmann, B Kemkes-Matthes, GF von Tempelhoff et al. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Placebo for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Metastatic Breast Cancer or Stage III/IV Lung Cancer Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012
48. GH Lyman, AA Khorana, A Falanga, D Clarke-Pearson, C Flowers, M Jahanzeb et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer J Clin Oncol 25 2007 5490 5505 (Pubitemid 350232226)
49. M Mandala, A Falanga, A Piccioli, P Prandoni, EM Pogliani, R Labianca et al. Venous thromboembolism and cancer: guidelines of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 59 2006 194 204 (Pubitemid 44403960)
50. M Mandala, A Falanga, F Roila Management of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: ESMO clinical recommendations Ann Oncol 20 Suppl 4 2009 182 184
51. M Altinbas, HS Coskun, O Er, M Ozkan, B Eser, A Unal et al. A randomized clinical trial of combination chemotherapy with and without low-molecular-weight heparin in small cell lung cancer J Thromb Haemost 2 2004 1266 1271 (Pubitemid 40186120)
52. AK Kakkar, MN Levine, Z Kadziola, NR Lemoine, V Low, HK Patel et al. Low molecular weight heparin, therapy with dalteparin, and survival in advanced cancer: the fragmin advanced malignancy outcome study (FAMOUS) J Clin Oncol 22 2004 1944 1948 (Pubitemid 41095187)
53. CP Klerk, SM Smorenburg, HM Otten, AW Lensing, MH Prins, F Piovella et al. The effect of low molecular weight heparin on survival in patients with advanced malignancy J Clin Oncol 23 2005 2130 2135 (Pubitemid 46218704)
54. EA Akl, FF van Doormaal, M Barba, G Kamath, SY Kim, S Kuipers et al. Parenteral anticoagulation for prolonging survival in patients with cancer who have no other indication for anticoagulation Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007 CD006652
55. A Lazo-Langner, GD Goss, JN Spaans, MA Rodger The effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on cancer survival. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials J Thromb Haemost 5 2007 729 737 (Pubitemid 46563571)
56. NM Kuderer, AA Khorana, GH Lyman, CW Francis A meta-analysis and systematic review of the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants as cancer treatment: impact on survival and bleeding complications Cancer 110 2007 1149 1161 (Pubitemid 47312882)
57. GO Griffiths, S Burns, SI Noble, FR Macbeth, D Cohen, TS Maughan FRAGMATIC: a randomised phase III clinical trial investigating the effect of fragmin added to standard therapy in patients with lung cancer BMC Cancer 9 2009 355
58. H Buller, M Prins, HR Büller, MH Prins Late Breaking Clinical Trial: The effect of the low-molecular-weight heparin nadroparin on the survival in patients with cancer: a randomized trial (for the INPACT Investigators) J Thromb Haemost 7 Suppl 2 2009 4
59. HemOnc Today Nadroparin did not improve survival in patients with cancer Available at http://www.hemonctoday.com/article.aspx?rid=41828 2009 Accessed February 28 2012.
60. ASHP Advantage Highlights from the XXII Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). 2009 Available at http://www.improvingpatientoutcomes.com/docs/xxii-handout.pdf Accessed February 2012.
61. H Riess, U Pelzer, G Deutschinoff, B Opitz, M Stauch, P Reitzig et al. A prospective, randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Results of the CONKO 004 trial J Clin Oncol 27 Suppl 2009 18s Abstract LBA4506
62. A Maraveyas, J Waters, R Roy, D Propper, D Fyfe, F Lofts et al. Gemcitabine with or without prophylactic weight-adjusted dalteparinin patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer (APC): amulticentre, randomised phase IIB trial (the UK FRAGEM study) Thromb Res 125 2010 S161
63. NM Kuderer, TL Ortel, CW Francis Impact of venous thromboembolism and anticoagulation on cancer and cancer survival J Clin Oncol 27 2009 4902 4911
64. N Kuderer, A Khorana, C Francis, G Lyman, A Falanga, O TL Low-molecular-weight heparin for venous thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients: A meta-analysis J Clin Oncol 27 Suppl 2009 15s Abstract 9537.
65. Kuderer N, Ortel T, Khorana AA, Francis CW, Lyman GH. Low Molecular Weight Heparin Thromboprophylaxis in Ambulatory Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Presented at ASH 2009. 51st Annual ASH Meeting. 51st ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition, December 5-8, 2009, New Orleans.
66. G Agnelli, DJ George, AK Kakkar, W Fisher, MR Lassen, P Mismetti et al. Semuloparin for thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer N Engl J Med 366 2012 601 609
67. MM Samama An epidemiologic study of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in medical outpatients: the Sirius study Arch Intern Med 160 2000 3415 3420
68. L Smeeth, C Cook, S Thomas, AJ Hall, R Hubbard, P Vallance Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after acute infection in a community setting Lancet 367 2006 1075 1079
69. AG Turpie Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in stroke patients Semin Thromb Hemost 23 1997 155 157 (Pubitemid 27276102)
70. F Fraisse, L Holzapfel, JM Couland, G Simonneau, B Bedock, M Feissel et al. Nadroparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in acute decompensated COPD. The Association of Non-University Affiliated Intensive Care Specialist Physicians of France Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161 2000 1109 1114
71. W Miehsler, W Reinisch, E Valic, W Osterode, W Tillinger, T Feichtenschlager et al. Is inflammatory bowel disease an independent and disease specific risk factor for thromboembolism? Gut 53 2004 542 548 (Pubitemid 38372979)
72. KA Bauer The thrombophilias: well-defined risk factors with uncertain therapeutic implications Ann Intern Med 135 2001 367 373 (Pubitemid 32823243)
73. M Laffan, E Tuddenham Science, medicine, and the future: assessing thrombotic risk BMJ 317 1998 520 523 (Pubitemid 28379608)
74. GF Gensini, D Prisco, M Falciani, M Comeglio, A Colella Identification of candidates for prevention of venous thromboembolism Semin Thromb Hemost 23 1997 55 67 (Pubitemid 27244207)
75. M Abdollahi, M Cushman, FR Rosendaal Obesity: risk of venous thrombosis and the interaction with coagulation factor levels and oral contraceptive use Thromb Haemost 89 2003 493 498 (Pubitemid 36329240)
76. SZ Goldhaber, F Grodstein, MJ Stampfer, JE Manson, GA Colditz, FE Speizer et al. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women JAMA 277 1997 642 645 (Pubitemid 27097428)
77. G Leone, S Sica, P Chiusolo, L Teofili, V De Stefano Blood cells diseases and thrombosis Haematologica 86 2001 1236 1244
78. E Daly, MP Vessey, MM Hawkins, JL Carson, P Gough, S Marsh Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy Lancet 348 1996 977 980 (Pubitemid 26340751)
79. E Daly, MP Vessey, R Painter, MM Hawkins Case-control study of venous thromboembolism risk in users of hormone replacement therapy Lancet 348 1996 1027 (Pubitemid 26340761)
80. D Grady, NK Wenger, D Herrington, S Khan, C Furberg, D Hunninghake et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Ann Intern Med 132 2000 689 696 (Pubitemid 30244167)
81. S Hulley, C Furberg, E Barrett-Connor, J Cauley, D Grady, W Haskell et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II) JAMA 288 2002 58 66 (Pubitemid 34705519)
82. SM Bates Treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy Thromb Res 108 2002 97 106 (Pubitemid 36184644)
83. M Mandala, A Falanga, F Roila Management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines Ann Oncol 22 Suppl 6 2011 vi85 vi92
84. MB Streiff, PL Bockenstedt, SR Cataland, C Chesney, C Eby, J Fanikos et al. Venous thromboembolic disease J Natl Compr Canc Netw 9 2011 714 777
85. Prevention of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism by low doses of heparin. An international multicentre trial Lancet 2 1975 45 51
86. CO Esquivel, D Bergqvist, CG Bjorck, B Nilsson Comparison between commercial heparin, low molecular weight heparin and pentosan polysulfate on hemostasis and platelets in vivo Thromb Res 28 1982 389 399 (Pubitemid 13254971)
87. CJ Carter, JG Kelton, J Hirsh, A Cerskus, AV Santos, M Gent The relationship between the hemorrhagic and antithrombotic properties of low molecular weight heparin in rabbits Blood 59 1982 1239 1245 (Pubitemid 12074853)
88. AG Turpie, KA Bauer, BI Eriksson, MR Lassen Fondaparinux vs enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in major orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of 4 randomized double-blind studies Arch Intern Med 162 2002 1833 1840
89. AT Cohen, BL Davidson, AS Gallus, MR Lassen, MH Prins, W Tomkowski et al. Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: randomised placebo controlled trial BMJ 332 2006 325 329
90. C Warlow, G Terry, AC Kenmure, AG Beattie, D Ogston, AS Douglas A double-blind trial of low doses of subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after myocardial infarction Lancet 2 1973 934 936
91. JF Cade High risk of the critically ill for venous thromboembolism Crit Care Med 10 1982 448 450
92. JF Cade, JT Andrews, AE Stubbs Comparison of sodium and calcium heparin in prevention of venous thromboembolism Aust N Z J Med 12 1982 501 504 (Pubitemid 13141528)
93. C Ibarra-Perez, E Lau-Cortes, S Colmenero-Zubiate, N Arevila-Ceballos, JH Fong, R Sanchez-Martinez et al. Prevalence and prevention of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in high-risk pulmonary patients Angiology 39 1988 505 513
94. B Gardlund Randomised, controlled trial of low-dose heparin for prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with infectious diseases. The Heparin Prophylaxis Study Group Lancet 347 1996 1357 1361 (Pubitemid 26147931)
95. P Mismetti, S Laporte-Simitsidis, B Tardy, M Cucherat, A Buchmuller, D Juillard-Delsart et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in internal medicine with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparins: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials Thromb Haemost 83 2000 14 19 (Pubitemid 30045469)
96. I Mahe, JF Bergmann, P d'Azemar, JJ Vaissie, C Caulin Lack of effect of a low-molecular-weight heparin (nadroparin) on mortality in bedridden medical in-patients: a prospective randomised double-blind study Eur J Clin Pharmacol 61 2005 347 351 (Pubitemid 41569308)
97. F Dentali, JD Douketis, M Gianni, W Lim, MA Crowther Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients Ann Intern Med 146 2007 278 288 (Pubitemid 351650614)
98. N Kucher, S Koo, R Quiroz, JM Cooper, MD Paterno, B Soukonnikov et al. Electronic alerts to prevent venous thromboembolism among hospitalized patients N Engl J Med 352 2005 969 977
99. N Kucher, M Puck, J Blaser, G Bucklar, E Eschmann, TF Luscher Physician compliance with advanced electronic alerts for preventing venous thromboembolism among hospitalized medical patients J Thromb Haemost 7 2009 1291 1296
100. K Sideras, PL Schaefer, SH Okuno, JA Sloan, L Kutteh, TR Fitch et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with advanced cancer: a phase 3 clinical trial Mayo Clin Proc 81 2006 758 767 (Pubitemid 43839491)
101. AY Lee, FR Rickles, JA Julian, M Gent, RI Baker, C Bowden et al. Randomized comparison of low molecular weight heparin and coumarin derivatives on the survival of patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism J Clin Oncol 23 2005 2123 2129 (Pubitemid 46218703)