메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 100, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 958-968

Tree cover-fire interactions promote the persistence of a fire-sensitive conifer in a highly flammable savanna

Author keywords

Aboriginal landscape burning; Alternative stable states; Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Fire ecology; Fire sensitive species; Habitat complexity; Patch dynamics; Pyrodiversity; Tropical savanna; Vegetation boundaries

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS BURNING; CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; COEXISTENCE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMPLEXITY; CONIFEROUS TREE; EVERGREEN TREE; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FLORISTICS; HETEROGENEITY; OVERSTORY; PERSISTENCE; PLANT COMMUNITY; POPULATION STRUCTURE; REGENERATION; SAVANNA; VEGETATION COVER; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; WOODLAND;

EID: 84862139648     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01970.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0036638567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding pitfalls when using information-theoretic methods
    • Anderson, D.R. & Burnham, K.P. (2002) Avoiding pitfalls when using information-theoretic methods. Journal of Wildlife Management, 66, 912-918.
    • (2002) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.66 , pp. 912-918
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Burnham, K.P.2
  • 2
    • 72449157095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, fire, and feedbacks: a disturbance-mediated model of savannas
    • Beckage, B., Platt, W.J. & Gross, L.J. (2009) Vegetation, fire, and feedbacks: a disturbance-mediated model of savannas. American Naturalist, 174, 805-818.
    • (2009) American Naturalist , vol.174 , pp. 805-818
    • Beckage, B.1    Platt, W.J.2    Gross, L.J.3
  • 4
    • 0028975639 scopus 로고
    • Kill thy neighbor - an individualistic argument for the evolution of flammability
    • Bond, W.J. & Midgley, J.J. (1995) Kill thy neighbor - an individualistic argument for the evolution of flammability. Oikos, 73, 79-85.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.73 , pp. 79-85
    • Bond, W.J.1    Midgley, J.J.2
  • 5
    • 0027331356 scopus 로고
    • Decline of Callitris intratropica R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith in the Northern Territory: implications for pre- and post-European colonization fire regimes
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S. & Panton, W.J. (1993) Decline of Callitris intratropica R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith in the Northern Territory: implications for pre- and post-European colonization fire regimes. Journal of Biogeography, 20, 373-381.
    • (1993) Journal of Biogeography , vol.20 , pp. 373-381
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S.1    Panton, W.J.2
  • 6
    • 0024249111 scopus 로고
    • Fuel characteristics of coastal monsoon forests, Northern Territory, Australia
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S. & Wilson, B.A. (1988) Fuel characteristics of coastal monsoon forests, Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 15, 807-817.
    • (1988) Journal of Biogeography , vol.15 , pp. 807-817
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S.1    Wilson, B.A.2
  • 7
    • 0024197107 scopus 로고
    • Response of Callitris intratropica R.T. Baker & H.G. Smith to fire protection, Murgenella, northern Australia
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S., Wilson, B.A. & Davis, G.W. (1988) Response of Callitris intratropica R.T. Baker & H.G. Smith to fire protection, Murgenella, northern Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology, 13, 147-159.
    • (1988) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 147-159
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S.1    Wilson, B.A.2    Davis, G.W.3
  • 8
    • 0035162392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'wilderness effect' and the decline of Callitris intratropica on the Arnhem Land Plateau, Northern Australia
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S., Price, O., Whitehead, P.J. & Walsh, A. (2001) The 'wilderness effect' and the decline of Callitris intratropica on the Arnhem Land Plateau, Northern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 49, 665-672.
    • (2001) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.49 , pp. 665-672
    • Bowman, D.M.J.S.1    Price, O.2    Whitehead, P.J.3    Walsh, A.4
  • 9
    • 25144451887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which mosaic? A landscape ecological approach for evaluating interactions between fire regimes, habitat and animals
    • Bradstock, R.A., Bedward, M., Gill, A.M. & Cohn, J.S. (2005) Which mosaic? A landscape ecological approach for evaluating interactions between fire regimes, habitat and animals. Wildlife Research, 32, 409-423.
    • (2005) Wildlife Research , vol.32 , pp. 409-423
    • Bradstock, R.A.1    Bedward, M.2    Gill, A.M.3    Cohn, J.S.4
  • 10
    • 34547429967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, invasion and re-invasion: managing the weed-shaped hole in disturbed ecosystems
    • Buckley, Y.M., Bolker, B.M. & Rees, M. (2007) Disturbance, invasion and re-invasion: managing the weed-shaped hole in disturbed ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 10, 809-817.
    • (2007) Ecology Letters , vol.10 , pp. 809-817
    • Buckley, Y.M.1    Bolker, B.M.2    Rees, M.3
  • 11
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
    • Byram, G.M. (1959) Combustion of forest fuels. Forest Fire: Control and Use, pp. 61-89. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
    • (1959) Forest Fire: Control and Use , pp. 61-89
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 12
    • 33845439013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure and fecundity in the putative sterile shrub, Grevillea rhizomatosa Olde & Marriott (Proteaceae)
    • Caddy, H.A.R. & Gross, C.L. (2006) Population structure and fecundity in the putative sterile shrub, Grevillea rhizomatosa Olde & Marriott (Proteaceae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 127, 11-18.
    • (2006) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , vol.127 , pp. 11-18
    • Caddy, H.A.R.1    Gross, C.L.2
  • 13
    • 49949097843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catering for the needs of fauna in fire management: science or just wishful thinking?
    • Clarke, M.F. (2008) Catering for the needs of fauna in fire management: science or just wishful thinking? Wildlife Research, 35, 385-394.
    • (2008) Wildlife Research , vol.35 , pp. 385-394
    • Clarke, M.F.1
  • 14
    • 79954985851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do slow-growing, fire-sensitive conifers survive in flammable eucalypt woodlands?
    • Cohn, J.S., Lunt, I.D., Ross, K.A. & Bradstock, R.A. (2011) How do slow-growing, fire-sensitive conifers survive in flammable eucalypt woodlands? Journal of Vegetation Science, 22, 425-435.
    • (2011) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.22 , pp. 425-435
    • Cohn, J.S.1    Lunt, I.D.2    Ross, K.A.3    Bradstock, R.A.4
  • 15
    • 33747030885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent interaction of fire and grazing on community heterogeneity in tallgrass prairie
    • Collins, S.L. & Smith, M.D. (2006) Scale-dependent interaction of fire and grazing on community heterogeneity in tallgrass prairie. Ecology, 87, 2058-2067.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 2058-2067
    • Collins, S.L.1    Smith, M.D.2
  • 16
    • 0030885222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woody vegetation spatial patterns in a semi-arid savanna of Burkina Faso, West Africa
    • Couteron, P. & Kokou, K. (1997) Woody vegetation spatial patterns in a semi-arid savanna of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Plant Ecology, 132, 211-227.
    • (1997) Plant Ecology , vol.132 , pp. 211-227
    • Couteron, P.1    Kokou, K.2
  • 17
    • 84889398472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
    • Crawley, M.J. (2007) The R Book. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
    • (2007) The R Book
    • Crawley, M.J.1
  • 18
    • 0035135058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing dynamics of two invasive C-4 grasses in seasonally dry Hawaiian woodlands
    • D'Antonio, C.M., Hughes, R.F. & Vitousek, P.M. (2001) Factors influencing dynamics of two invasive C-4 grasses in seasonally dry Hawaiian woodlands. Ecology, 82, 89-104.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 89-104
    • D'Antonio, C.M.1    Hughes, R.F.2    Vitousek, P.M.3
  • 19
    • 0028994990 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and diversity in tropical rain-forests - the density effect
    • Denslow, J.S. (1995) Disturbance and diversity in tropical rain-forests - the density effect. Ecological Applications, 5, 962-968.
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , pp. 962-968
    • Denslow, J.S.1
  • 20
    • 41549102093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand structure and dynamics of sand pine differ between the Florida panhandle and peninsula
    • Drewa, P.B., Platt, W.J., Kwit, C. & Doyle, T.W. (2008) Stand structure and dynamics of sand pine differ between the Florida panhandle and peninsula. Plant Ecology, 196, 15-25.
    • (2008) Plant Ecology , vol.196 , pp. 15-25
    • Drewa, P.B.1    Platt, W.J.2    Kwit, C.3    Doyle, T.W.4
  • 21
    • 84862547373 scopus 로고
    • Report on the North Kimberley District of Western Australia by William R. Easton, LS etc., in Command of Kimberley Expedition, 1921. Publication 3. Government Printer, Perth.
    • Easton, R. (1922) Report on the North Kimberley District of Western Australia by William R. Easton, LS etc., in Command of Kimberley Expedition, 1921. Publication 3. Government Printer, Perth.
    • (1922)
    • Easton, R.1
  • 22
    • 60849093409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological thresholds and the status of fire-sensitive vegetation in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia: implications for management
    • Edwards, A.C. & Russell-Smith, J. (2009) Ecological thresholds and the status of fire-sensitive vegetation in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia: implications for management. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 127-146.
    • (2009) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.18 , pp. 127-146
    • Edwards, A.C.1    Russell-Smith, J.2
  • 23
    • 0035017842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of aggregation, a worked example: numbers of ticks on red grouse chicks
    • Elston, D.A., Moss, R., Boulinier, T., Arrowsmith, C. & Lambin, X. (2001) Analysis of aggregation, a worked example: numbers of ticks on red grouse chicks. Parasitology, 122, 563-569.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.122 , pp. 563-569
    • Elston, D.A.1    Moss, R.2    Boulinier, T.3    Arrowsmith, C.4    Lambin, X.5
  • 24
    • 80051905070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of conifer encroachment and overstory structure on fuels and fire in an oak woodland landscape
    • Engber, E.A., Varner III, J.M., Arguello, L.A. & Sugihara, N.G. (2011) The effects of conifer encroachment and overstory structure on fuels and fire in an oak woodland landscape. Fire Ecology, 7, 32-50.
    • (2011) Fire Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 32-50
    • Engber, E.A.1    Varner III, J.M.2    Arguello, L.A.3    Sugihara, N.G.4
  • 26
    • 0032891160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of disarray amongst granivorous bird assemblages in the savannas of northern Australia, a region of sparse human settlement
    • Franklin, D.C. (1999) Evidence of disarray amongst granivorous bird assemblages in the savannas of northern Australia, a region of sparse human settlement. Biological Conservation, 90, 53-68.
    • (1999) Biological Conservation , vol.90 , pp. 53-68
    • Franklin, D.C.1
  • 28
    • 0003939609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY.
    • Frazer, G.W., Canham, C.D. & Lertzman, K.P. (1999) Gap Light Analyzer (GLA). Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY.
    • (1999) Gap Light Analyzer (GLA)
    • Frazer, G.W.1    Canham, C.D.2    Lertzman, K.P.3
  • 29
    • 65949121401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyric herbivory: rewilding landscapes through the recoupling of fire and grazing
    • Fuhlendorf, S.D., Engle, D.M., Kerby, J. & Hamilton, R. (2009) Pyric herbivory: rewilding landscapes through the recoupling of fire and grazing. Conservation Biology, 23, 588-598.
    • (2009) Conservation Biology , vol.23 , pp. 588-598
    • Fuhlendorf, S.D.1    Engle, D.M.2    Kerby, J.3    Hamilton, R.4
  • 30
    • 34249674876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical savannas and associated forests: vegetation and plant ecology
    • Furley, P.A. (2007) Tropical savannas and associated forests: vegetation and plant ecology. Progress in Physical Geography, 31, 203-211.
    • (2007) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.31 , pp. 203-211
    • Furley, P.A.1
  • 31
    • 0000107297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes of world heritage Kakadu National Park, Australia
    • Gill, A.M., Ryan, P.G., Moore, P.H.R. & Gibson, M. (2000) Fire regimes of world heritage Kakadu National Park, Australia. Austral Ecology, 25, 616-625.
    • (2000) Austral Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 616-625
    • Gill, A.M.1    Ryan, P.G.2    Moore, P.H.R.3    Gibson, M.4
  • 32
    • 0000242014 scopus 로고
    • Oak dome clonal structure and fire ecology in a Florida longleaf pine dominated community
    • Guerin, D.N. (1993) Oak dome clonal structure and fire ecology in a Florida longleaf pine dominated community. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 120, 107-114.
    • (1993) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.120 , pp. 107-114
    • Guerin, D.N.1
  • 33
    • 0022213525 scopus 로고
    • The pattern and ecology of munwag: traditional aboriginal fire regimes of north central Arnhemland
    • Haynes, C. (1985) The pattern and ecology of munwag: traditional aboriginal fire regimes of north central Arnhemland. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, 13, 203-214.
    • (1985) Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia , vol.13 , pp. 203-214
    • Haynes, C.1
  • 34
    • 0030417343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of ecosystems by ungulates
    • Hobbs, N.T. (1996) Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management, 60, 695-713.
    • (1996) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.60 , pp. 695-713
    • Hobbs, N.T.1
  • 36
    • 77952994458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigating old tree mortality in long-unburned, fire-dependent forests: a synthesis
    • 71. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO.
    • Hood, S.M. (2010) Mitigating old tree mortality in long-unburned, fire-dependent forests: a synthesis. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-238, pp. 71. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (2010) General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-238
    • Hood, S.M.1
  • 37
    • 55549083132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders
    • Kane, J.M., Varner, J.M. & Hiers, J.K. (2008) The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.256 , pp. 2039-2045
    • Kane, J.M.1    Varner, J.M.2    Hiers, J.K.3
  • 38
    • 84856546486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreases in fire spread probability with forest age promotes alternative community states, reduced resilience to climate variability and large fire regime shifts
    • Kitzberger, T., Aráoz, E., Gowda, J.H., Mermox, M. & Morales, J.M. (2012) Decreases in fire spread probability with forest age promotes alternative community states, reduced resilience to climate variability and large fire regime shifts. Ecosystems, 15, 97-112.
    • (2012) Ecosystems , vol.15 , pp. 97-112
    • Kitzberger, T.1    Aráoz, E.2    Gowda, J.H.3    Mermox, M.4    Morales, J.M.5
  • 39
    • 41149118187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivores as architects of savannas: inducing and modifying spatial vegetation patterning
    • de Knegt, H.J., Groen, T.A., van de Vijver, C., Prins, H.H.T. & van Langevelde, F. (2008) Herbivores as architects of savannas: inducing and modifying spatial vegetation patterning. Oikos, 117, 543-554.
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 543-554
    • de Knegt, H.J.1    Groen, T.A.2    van de Vijver, C.3    Prins, H.H.T.4    van Langevelde, F.5
  • 40
    • 0026278712 scopus 로고
    • Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands - a viewpoint
    • Laycock, W.A. (1991) Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands - a viewpoint. Journal of Range Management, 44, 427-433.
    • (1991) Journal of Range Management , vol.44 , pp. 427-433
    • Laycock, W.A.1
  • 41
    • 0141906420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of shrub expansion in mesic grassland: resource alterations and graminoid responses
    • Lett, M.S. & Knapp, A.K. (2003) Consequences of shrub expansion in mesic grassland: resource alterations and graminoid responses. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 487-496.
    • (2003) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.14 , pp. 487-496
    • Lett, M.S.1    Knapp, A.K.2
  • 42
    • 79960129637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woody exotic plant invasions and fire: reciprocal impacts and consequences for native ecosystems
    • Mandle, L., Bufford, J.L., Schmidt, I.B. & Daehler, C.C. (2011) Woody exotic plant invasions and fire: reciprocal impacts and consequences for native ecosystems. Biological Invasions, 13, 1815-1827.
    • (2011) Biological Invasions , vol.13 , pp. 1815-1827
    • Mandle, L.1    Bufford, J.L.2    Schmidt, I.B.3    Daehler, C.C.4
  • 43
    • 80054103027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grass trumps trees with fire
    • Mayer, A.L. & Khalyani, A.H. (2011) Grass trumps trees with fire. Science, 334, 188-189.
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 188-189
    • Mayer, A.L.1    Khalyani, A.H.2
  • 44
    • 67849126817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floristic structure and diversity of a tropical montane evergreen forest (shola) of the Nilgiri Mountains, southern India
    • Mohandass, D. & Davidar, P. (2009) Floristic structure and diversity of a tropical montane evergreen forest (shola) of the Nilgiri Mountains, southern India. Tropical Ecology, 50, 219-229.
    • (2009) Tropical Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 219-229
    • Mohandass, D.1    Davidar, P.2
  • 45
    • 35348923399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of wooded patches in a South African nutrient-poor grassland: do nutrients, fire or herbivores limit their expansion?
    • Mourik, A.A., van Langevelde, F., van Tellingen, E., Heitkonig, I.M.A. & Gaigher, I. (2007) Stability of wooded patches in a South African nutrient-poor grassland: do nutrients, fire or herbivores limit their expansion? Journal of Tropical Ecology, 23, 529-537.
    • (2007) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 529-537
    • Mourik, A.A.1    van Langevelde, F.2    van Tellingen, E.3    Heitkonig, I.M.A.4    Gaigher, I.5
  • 46
    • 33846443620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interdependence of fire, grass, kangaroos and Australian Aborigines: a case study from central Arnhem Land, northern Australia
    • Murphy, B.P. & Bowman, D.M.J.S. (2007) The interdependence of fire, grass, kangaroos and Australian Aborigines: a case study from central Arnhem Land, northern Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 237-250.
    • (2007) Journal of Biogeography , vol.34 , pp. 237-250
    • Murphy, B.P.1    Bowman, D.M.J.S.2
  • 47
    • 77956887506 scopus 로고
    • A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination
    • Nagelkerke, N.J.D. (1991) A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika, 78, 691-692.
    • (1991) Biometrika , vol.78 , pp. 691-692
    • Nagelkerke, N.J.D.1
  • 48
    • 41649099948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demise of fire and "Mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States
    • Nowacki, G.J. & Abrams, M.D. (2008) The demise of fire and "Mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States. BioScience, 58, 123-138.
    • (2008) BioScience , vol.58 , pp. 123-138
    • Nowacki, G.J.1    Abrams, M.D.2
  • 49
    • 72249118045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative community states maintained by fire in the Klamath Mountains, USA
    • Odion, D.C., Moritz, M.A. & DellaSala, D.A. (2010) Alternative community states maintained by fire in the Klamath Mountains, USA. Journal of Ecology, 98, 96-105.
    • (2010) Journal of Ecology , vol.98 , pp. 96-105
    • Odion, D.C.1    Moritz, M.A.2    DellaSala, D.A.3
  • 51
    • 0031728382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for quantifying fire severity in shrubland-fires
    • Perez, B. & Moreno, J.M. (1998) Methods for quantifying fire severity in shrubland-fires. Plant Ecology, 139, 91-101.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.139 , pp. 91-101
    • Perez, B.1    Moreno, J.M.2
  • 52
    • 0036747347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humans, fire and landscape pattern: understanding a maquis-forest complex, Mont Do, New Caledonia, using a spatial 'state-and-transition' model
    • Perry, G.L.W. & Enright, N.J. (2002) Humans, fire and landscape pattern: understanding a maquis-forest complex, Mont Do, New Caledonia, using a spatial 'state-and-transition' model. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1143-1158.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1143-1158
    • Perry, G.L.W.1    Enright, N.J.2
  • 53
    • 36448982839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire frequency and tree canopy structure influence plant species diversity in a forest-grassland ecotone
    • Peterson, D.W. & Reich, P.B. (2008) Fire frequency and tree canopy structure influence plant species diversity in a forest-grassland ecotone. Plant Ecology, 194, 5-16.
    • (2008) Plant Ecology , vol.194 , pp. 5-16
    • Peterson, D.W.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 54
    • 84862586054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team, nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-91.
    • Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D. & R Development Core Team (2009) nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-91.
    • (2009)
    • Pinheiro, J.1    Bates, D.2    DebRoy, S.3    Sarkar, D.4
  • 55
    • 0002084270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southeastern pine savannas
    • eds R.C. Anderson, J.S. Fralish & J.M. Baskin) - Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • Platt, W.J. (1999) Southeastern pine savannas. Savannas, Barrens and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America (eds R.C. Anderson, J.S. Fralish & J.M. Baskin ), pp. 23-51. Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (1999) Savannas, Barrens and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America , pp. 23-51
    • Platt, W.J.1
  • 56
    • 0028161734 scopus 로고
    • Fire-stick forestry: a matrix model in support of skilful fire management of Callitris intratropica R.T. Baker by north Australian Aborigines
    • Price, O. & Bowman, D.M.J.S. (1994) Fire-stick forestry: a matrix model in support of skilful fire management of Callitris intratropica R.T. Baker by north Australian Aborigines. Journal of Biogeography, 21, 573-580.
    • (1994) Journal of Biogeography , vol.21 , pp. 573-580
    • Price, O.1    Bowman, D.M.J.S.2
  • 57
    • 33847380737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and survival of two north Australian relictual tree species, Allosyncarpia ternata (Myrtaceae) and Callitris intratropica (Cupressaceae)
    • Prior, L.D., Bowman, D.M.J.S. & Brook, B.W. (2007) Growth and survival of two north Australian relictual tree species, Allosyncarpia ternata (Myrtaceae) and Callitris intratropica (Cupressaceae). Ecological Research, 22, 228-236.
    • (2007) Ecological Research , vol.22 , pp. 228-236
    • Prior, L.D.1    Bowman, D.M.J.S.2    Brook, B.W.3
  • 58
    • 78149302882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What limits the distribution and abundance of the native conifer Callitris glaucophylla (Cupressaceae) in the West MacDonnell Ranges, central Australia?
    • Prior, L.D., Lee, Z., Brock, C., Williamson, G.J. & Bowman, D. (2010) What limits the distribution and abundance of the native conifer Callitris glaucophylla (Cupressaceae) in the West MacDonnell Ranges, central Australia? Australian Journal of Botany, 58, 554-564.
    • (2010) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.58 , pp. 554-564
    • Prior, L.D.1    Lee, Z.2    Brock, C.3    Williamson, G.J.4    Bowman, D.5
  • 59
    • 79957575575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structures of the widespread Australian conifer Callitris columellaris are a bio-indicator of continental environmental change
    • Prior, L.D., McCaw, W.L., Grierson, P.F., Murphy, B.P. & Bowman, D. (2011) Population structures of the widespread Australian conifer Callitris columellaris are a bio-indicator of continental environmental change. Forest Ecology and Management, 262, 252-262.
    • (2011) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.262 , pp. 252-262
    • Prior, L.D.1    McCaw, W.L.2    Grierson, P.F.3    Murphy, B.P.4    Bowman, D.5
  • 60
    • 0033766562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive abilities of three narrowly endemic plant species in experimental neighborhoods along a fire gradient
    • Quintana-Ascencio, P.F. & Menges, E.S. (2000) Competitive abilities of three narrowly endemic plant species in experimental neighborhoods along a fire gradient. American Journal of Botany, 87, 690-699.
    • (2000) American Journal of Botany , vol.87 , pp. 690-699
    • Quintana-Ascencio, P.F.1    Menges, E.S.2
  • 62
    • 33746928011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment dynamics of the long-lived obligate seeders Callitris intratropica (Cupressaceae) and Petraeomyrtus punicea (Myrtaceae)
    • Russell-Smith, J. (2006) Recruitment dynamics of the long-lived obligate seeders Callitris intratropica (Cupressaceae) and Petraeomyrtus punicea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, 54, 479-485.
    • (2006) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.54 , pp. 479-485
    • Russell-Smith, J.1
  • 63
    • 33845726043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality and fire severity in savanna landscapes of monsoonal northern Australia
    • Russell-Smith, J. & Edwards, A.C. (2006) Seasonality and fire severity in savanna landscapes of monsoonal northern Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 15, 541-550.
    • (2006) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.15 , pp. 541-550
    • Russell-Smith, J.1    Edwards, A.C.2
  • 64
    • 0032447877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes, fire-sensitive vegetation and fire management of the sandstone Arnhem Plateau, monsoonal northern Australia
    • Russell-Smith, J., Ryan, P.G., Klessa, D., Waight, G. & Harwood, R. (1998) Fire regimes, fire-sensitive vegetation and fire management of the sandstone Arnhem Plateau, monsoonal northern Australia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35, 829-846.
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 829-846
    • Russell-Smith, J.1    Ryan, P.G.2    Klessa, D.3    Waight, G.4    Harwood, R.5
  • 66
    • 77953980859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes and interval-sensitive vegetation in semiarid Gregory National Park, northern Australia
    • Russell-Smith, J., Yates, C.P., Brock, C. & Westcott, V.C. (2010) Fire regimes and interval-sensitive vegetation in semiarid Gregory National Park, northern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 58, 300-317.
    • (2010) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.58 , pp. 300-317
    • Russell-Smith, J.1    Yates, C.P.2    Brock, C.3    Westcott, V.C.4
  • 70
    • 77955769175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf litter and understory canopy shade limit the establishment, growth and reproduction of Microstegium vimineum
    • Schramm, J.W. & Ehrenfeld, J.G. (2010) Leaf litter and understory canopy shade limit the establishment, growth and reproduction of Microstegium vimineum. Biological Invasions, 12, 3195-3204.
    • (2010) Biological Invasions , vol.12 , pp. 3195-3204
    • Schramm, J.W.1    Ehrenfeld, J.G.2
  • 71
    • 0742323165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flammability is a niche construction trait: canopy architecture affects fire intensity
    • Schwilk, D.W. (2003) Flammability is a niche construction trait: canopy architecture affects fire intensity. American Naturalist, 162, 725-733.
    • (2003) American Naturalist , vol.162 , pp. 725-733
    • Schwilk, D.W.1
  • 72
    • 0030771477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not explain fire and diversity pattern in fynbos
    • Schwilk, D.W., Keeley, J.E. & Bond, W.J. (1997) The intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not explain fire and diversity pattern in fynbos. Plant Ecology, 132, 77-84.
    • (1997) Plant Ecology , vol.132 , pp. 77-84
    • Schwilk, D.W.1    Keeley, J.E.2    Bond, W.J.3
  • 73
    • 77952530648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors influencing the establishment, height and fecundity of the annual grass Sorghum intrans in an Australian tropical savanna
    • Scott, K.A., Setterfield, S.A., Douglas, M.M. & Andersen, A.N. (2010) Environmental factors influencing the establishment, height and fecundity of the annual grass Sorghum intrans in an Australian tropical savanna. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 26, 313-322.
    • (2010) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.26 , pp. 313-322
    • Scott, K.A.1    Setterfield, S.A.2    Douglas, M.M.3    Andersen, A.N.4
  • 74
    • 77955747185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning up the heat: the impacts of Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) invasion on fire behaviour in northern Australian savannas
    • Setterfield, S.A., Rossiter-Rachor, N.A., Hutley, L.B., Douglas, M.M. & Williams, R.J. (2010) Turning up the heat: the impacts of Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) invasion on fire behaviour in northern Australian savannas. Diversity and Distributions, 16, 854-861.
    • (2010) Diversity and Distributions , vol.16 , pp. 854-861
    • Setterfield, S.A.1    Rossiter-Rachor, N.A.2    Hutley, L.B.3    Douglas, M.M.4    Williams, R.J.5
  • 75
    • 79955920229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree cover in sub-Saharan Africa: rainfall and fire constrain forest and savanna as alternative stable states
    • Staver, A.C., Archibald, S. & Levin, S. (2011) Tree cover in sub-Saharan Africa: rainfall and fire constrain forest and savanna as alternative stable states. Ecology, 92, 1062-1072.
    • (2011) Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 1062-1072
    • Staver, A.C.1    Archibald, S.2    Levin, S.3
  • 76
    • 70349493147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire feedbacks facilitate invasion of pine savannas by Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
    • Stevens, J.T. & Beckage, B. (2009) Fire feedbacks facilitate invasion of pine savannas by Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius). New Phytologist, 184, 365-375.
    • (2009) New Phytologist , vol.184 , pp. 365-375
    • Stevens, J.T.1    Beckage, B.2
  • 77
    • 33847360705 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the seeding habits of Callitris intratropica
    • Department of National Development, Canberra, SA.
    • Stocker, G.C. (1966) Aspects of the seeding habits of Callitris intratropica. Forestry and Timber Bureau Leaflet. Department of National Development, Canberra, SA.
    • (1966) Forestry and Timber Bureau Leaflet
    • Stocker, G.C.1
  • 78
    • 0019746855 scopus 로고
    • Fire in the tropical forests and woodlands of northern Australia
    • ed A.M. Gill) - Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, SA.
    • Stocker, G.C. & Mott, J.J. (1981) Fire in the tropical forests and woodlands of northern Australia. Fire and the Australian Biota (ed A.M. Gill ), pp. 425-439. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, SA.
    • (1981) Fire and the Australian Biota , pp. 425-439
    • Stocker, G.C.1    Mott, J.J.2
  • 79
    • 84996204341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multidimensional scaling stress evaluation table
    • Sturrock, K. & Rocha, J. (2000) A multidimensional scaling stress evaluation table. Field Methods, 12, 49-60.
    • (2000) Field Methods , vol.12 , pp. 49-60
    • Sturrock, K.1    Rocha, J.2
  • 80
    • 33646727521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-scale fuel variation alters fire intensity and shrub abundance in a pine savanna
    • Thaxton, J.M. & Platt, W.J. (2006) Small-scale fuel variation alters fire intensity and shrub abundance in a pine savanna. Ecology, 87, 1331-1337.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1331-1337
    • Thaxton, J.M.1    Platt, W.J.2
  • 84
    • 0027880932 scopus 로고
    • Responses to shading of seedlings of savanna grasses (with different C4 photosynthetic pathways) in Botswana
    • Veenendaal, E.M., Shushu, D.D. & Scurlock, J.M.O. (1993) Responses to shading of seedlings of savanna grasses (with different C4 photosynthetic pathways) in Botswana. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 9, 213-229.
    • (1993) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 213-229
    • Veenendaal, E.M.1    Shushu, D.D.2    Scurlock, J.M.O.3
  • 85
    • 77958191386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter and living plants have contrasting effects on seedling recruitment in subalpine grasslands
    • Viard-Cretat, F., Gross, N., Colace, M.P. & Lavorel, S. (2010) Litter and living plants have contrasting effects on seedling recruitment in subalpine grasslands. Preslia, 82, 483-496.
    • (2010) Preslia , vol.82 , pp. 483-496
    • Viard-Cretat, F.1    Gross, N.2    Colace, M.P.3    Lavorel, S.4
  • 86
    • 58349105751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative stable states in Australia's Wet Tropics: a theoretical framework for the field data and a field-case for the theory
    • Warman, L. & Moles, A.T. (2009) Alternative stable states in Australia's Wet Tropics: a theoretical framework for the field data and a field-case for the theory. Landscape Ecology, 24, 1-13.
    • (2009) Landscape Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 1-13
    • Warman, L.1    Moles, A.T.2
  • 87
    • 0343069333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in fire behaviour in a tropical savanna in northern Australia
    • Williams, R.J., Gill, A.M. & Moore, P.H.R. (1998) Seasonal changes in fire behaviour in a tropical savanna in northern Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 8, 227-239.
    • (1998) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.8 , pp. 227-239
    • Williams, R.J.1    Gill, A.M.2    Moore, P.H.R.3
  • 90
    • 0242439625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring explained variation in linear mixed effects models
    • Xu, R.H. (2003) Measuring explained variation in linear mixed effects models. Statistics in Medicine, 22, 3527-3541.
    • (2003) Statistics in Medicine , vol.22 , pp. 3527-3541
    • Xu, R.H.1
  • 91
    • 35948967988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling the roles of fire, grazing and rainfall on small mammal communities in grassland ecosystems
    • Yarnell, R.W., Scott, D.M., Chimimba, C.T. & Metcalfe, D.J. (2007) Untangling the roles of fire, grazing and rainfall on small mammal communities in grassland ecosystems. Oecologia, 154, 387-402.
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.154 , pp. 387-402
    • Yarnell, R.W.1    Scott, D.M.2    Chimimba, C.T.3    Metcalfe, D.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.