Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among an Urban Population in Kenya

Diabetes Care

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 887-893

  Kaduka, Lydia U ^a   Kombe, Yeri ^a   Kenya, Eucharia ^b   Kuria, Elizabeth ^b   Bore, John K ^c   Bukania, Zipporah N ^a   Mwangi, Moses ^a  

^a KENYA MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Kenya)

^b KENYATTA UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^c Kenya National Bureau of Statistics   (Kenya)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; KENYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; URBAN AREA; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; KENYA; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; URBAN POPULATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84862095845     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 19355548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc11-0537     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Global Health Statistics: Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series. Boston, MA, Harvard School of Public Health, 1996
2. Abegunde DO, Mathers CD, Adam T, Ortegon M, Strong K. The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2007;370:1929-1938 (Pubitemid 350192633)
3. Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health. Annual Health Sector Status Report 2005-2007. Nairobi, Kenya, Ministry of Health, 2007
4. Yonga GO, Ogola EN, Juma FD. Cardiovascular risk factor profiles in mild to moderate hypertensives seen at Kenyatta National Hospital. East Afr Med J 1993;70:693-695
5. Christensen DL, Eis J, Hansen AW, et al. Obesity and regional fat distribution in Kenyan populations: impact of ethnicity and urbanization. Ann Hum Biol 2008;35:232-249 (Pubitemid 351571284)
6. Christensen DL, Friis H, Mwaniki DL, et al. Prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated risk factors in rural and urban populations of different ethnic groups in Kenya. Diabetes Res Clin Pr 2009;84: 303-310
7. Sharma P, Mishra S. Metabolic syndrome: early identification prevents type ii diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2007;22:1-3 (Pubitemid 46411191)
8. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Republic of Kenya. The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census, Volume 1B: Population Distribution by Political Units, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2010
9. McBurney P. On transferring statistical techniques across cultures: the Kish Grid. Curr Anthropol 1988;29:323-325
10. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al.; International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association;World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; International Association for the Study of Obesity. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120:1640-1645
11. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002;288:2709-2716 (Pubitemid 35403784)
12. Sumner AE, Zhou J, Doumatey A, et al. Low HDL-cholesterol with normal triglyceride levels is the most common lipid pattern in West Africans and African Americans with metabolic syndrome: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention. CVD Prev Contr 2010;5:75-80
13. Allal-Elasmi M, Haj Taieb S, Hsairi M, et al. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence, main characteristics and association with socio-economic status in adults living in Great Tunis. Diabetes Metab 2010;36:204-208
14. Kelliny C, William J, Riesen W, Paccaud F, Bovet P. Metabolic syndrome according to different definitions in a rapidly developing country of the African region. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2008;7:27
15. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) and ICF Macro. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey Report 2008-2009. Calverton, Maryland, KNBS and ICF Macro, 2010
16. Fezeu L, Balkau B, Kengne AP, Sobngwi E, Mbanya JC. Metabolic syndrome in a sub-Saharan African setting: central obesity may be the key determinant. Atherosclerosis 2007;193:70-76 (Pubitemid 46776712)
17. Agyemang C. Rural and urban differences in blood pressure and hypertension in Ghana, West Africa. Public Health 2006;120:525-533 (Pubitemid 43842564)
18. Gombet T, Longo-Mbenza B, Ellenga-Mbolla B, Ikama MS, Kimbally-Kaky G, Nkoua JL. Relationship between coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, energy expenditure, body composition, kidney function and low-grade inflammation among bank African employees in Brazzaville. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 2010;4:197-203
19. Ezenwaka CE, Nwagbara E, Seales D, et al. A comparative study of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in type 2 diabetic patients in two Caribbean islands using the new International Diabetes Federation definition. Arch Physiol Biochem 2007;113:202-210
20. Meis SB, Schuster D, Gaillard T, Osei K. Metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic, obese, first-degree relatives of African American patients with type 2 diabetes: African American triglycerides-HDL-C and insulin resistance paradox. Ethn Dis 2006;16:830-836
21. Sliwa K, Wilkinson D, Hansen C, et al. Spectrum of heart disease and risk factors in a black urban population in South Africa (the Heart of Soweto Study): a cohort study. Lancet 2008;371:915-922 (Pubitemid 351375275)
22. Ogeng'o JA, Gatonga P, Olabu BO. Cardiovascular causes of death in an east African country: an autopsy study. Cardiol J 2011;18:67-72
23. Jennings CL, Lambert EV, Collins M, Levitt NS, Goedecke JH. The atypical presentation of the metabolic syndrome components in black African women: the relationship with insulin resistance and the influence of regional adipose tissue distribution. Metabolism 2009;58:149-157
24. Sodjinou R, Agueh V, Fayomi B, Delisle H. Obesity and cardio-metabolic risk factors in urban adults of Benin: relationship with socio-economic status, urbanisation, and lifestyle patterns. BMC Public Health 2008;8:84
25. Scuteri A, Vuga M, Najjar SS, et al. Education eclipses ethnicity in predicting the development of the metabolic syndrome in different ethnic groups in midlife: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Diabet Med 2008;25:1390-1399
26. Salsberry PJ, Corwin E, Reagan PB. A complex web of risks for metabolic syndrome: race/ethnicity, economics, and gender. Am J Prev Med 2007;33:114-120 (Pubitemid 47126236)
27. Holdsworth M, Gartner A, Landais E, Maire B, Delpeuch F. Perceptions of healthboy and desirable dy size in urban Senegalese women. Int J Obes 2004;28:1561-1568 (Pubitemid 39564334)