After GINA, NINA? Neuroscience-based discrimination in the workplace

Vanderbilt Law Review

Volumn 65, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 933-977

  Kostiuk, Stephanie A ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862094228     PISSN: 00422533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Francis S. Collins et al., New Goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998-2003,
2. Joan O'C. Hamilton, If They Could Read Your Mind, STANFORD MAG., Jan.-Feb. 2004, available at http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/ article/?article-id=36320.
3. Lauren Elizabeth Nuffort, The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: Raising a Shield to Genetic Discrimination in Employment and Health Insurance, HEALTH LAW., June 2009,
4. Denise Casey, What Can the New Gene Tests Tell Us?, JUDGES' J., Summer 1997, 14, 14.
5. Terry J. Hassold & Patricia A. Jacobs, Trisomy in Man, 18 ANN. REV. GENETICS 69, 69 (1984).
6. Niall Firth, The 'Violent' Gene: Genetic Mutation Found Only in Finnish Men that Makes Them Fight, DAILY MAIL, Dec. 23, 2010, http://www.dailymail.co. uk/sciencetech/article-1341100/The-violent-gene-Genetic-mutation-Finnish-men- makes-fight.html
7. Avshalom Caspi et al., Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children, 297 SCIENCE 851, 853 (2002)
8. Priya Shetty, Monogamy Gene Found in People, NEWSCIENTIST (Sept. 1, 2001, 10:00 PM), http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14641-monogamy-gene-found-in- people.html
9. Kathy Hudson et al., Keeping Pace with the Times: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, 358 NEW ENGLAND J. MED. 2661, 2661 (2008).
10. Karen Rothenberg et al., Genetic Information and the Workplace: Legislative Approaches and Policy Challenges, 275 SCIENCE 1755, 1756-57 (1997)
11. Homas F. Wieder, Privacy Protection is Needed for DNA, 2002 L. REV. MICH. ST. U. DETROIT C. L. 927, 928-29
12. Symposium, The Human Genome Project, DNA Science and the Law: The American Legal System's Response to Breakthroughs in Genetic Science, 51 AM. U. L. REV. 451, 464-65 (2002)
13. Christine Formas Norris, Note, The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: History, Successes, and Future Considerations, 7 U. MD. L.J. RACE RELIGION GENDER & CLASS 192, 206 (2007)
14. Cheryl Erwin, Legal Update: Living with Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, 10 GENETICS MED. 869, 871-72 (2008)
15. Henry T. Greely, Law and the Revolution of Neuroscience: An Early Look in the Field, 42 AKRON L. REV. 687, 688 (2009).
16. JONATHAN D. MORENO, MIND WARS: BRAIN RESEARCH AND NATIONAL DEFENSE 98 (2006).
17. Open Your Mind, THE ECONOMIST, May 23, 2002, http://www.economist.com/ node/ 1143317.
18. Christophe Lenglet et al., Deciphering the Human-Brain Connectome, SPIE NEWSROOM (Dec. 7, 2010), http://spie.org/x43323.xml?pf=true&ArticleID= x43323.
19. Elie Dolgin, This is Your Brain Online: The Functional Connectomes Project, 16 NATURE MED., 351, 351 (2010).
20. Michael P. Milham et al., Toward Discovery Science of Human Brain Function, 107 PROC. NAT'L ACAD. SCI., 4734, 4734 (2010).
21. Huda Akil, Challenges and Opportunities in Mining Neuroscience Data, 331 SCIENCE 708, 709-10 (2011)
22. Tal Yarkoni, Cognitive Neuroscience 2.0: Building a Cumulative Science of Human Brain Function, 14 TRENDS COGNITIVE SCI. 489, 492 (2010)
23. Martha J. Farah, Neuroethics: An Overview, in MARTHA J. FARAH, NEUROETHICS, AN INTRODUCTION WITH READINGS 1, 4 (2010).
24. Clifford R. Jack et al., Hypothetical Model of Dynamic Biomarkers of the Alzheimer's Pathological Cascade, 9 LANCET NEUROLOGY 119, 119 (2010).
25. B.C. Dickerson et al., Alzheimer-Signature MRI Biomarker Predicts AD Dementia in Cognitively Normal Adults, 76 NEUROLOGY 1395, 1395 (2011)
26. Cornelius Weiller et al., Role of Functional Imaging in Neurological Disorders, 23 J. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 840, 850 (2006).
27. Beng-Choon Ho, MRI Brain Volume Abnormalities in Young, Nonpsychotic Relatives of Schizophrenia Probands Are Associated with Subsequent Prodromal Symptoms, 96 SCHIZOPHRENIA RES. 1, 13 (2007)
28. Pernille J. Olesen et al., Temporal Lobe Atrophy and White Matter Lesions Are Related to Major Depression Over 5 Years in the Elderly, 35 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2638, 2638-45 (2010).
29. Kent Kiehl et al., Brain Potentials Implicate Temporal Lobe Abnormalities in Criminal Psychopaths, 115 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOL. 443-53 (2006). (Pubitemid 44763675)
30. Judy Illes & Eric Racine, Imaging or Imagining? A Neuroethics Challenge Informed by Genetics, 5 AM. J. BIOETHICS 5, 18 (2005).
31. Elizabeth A. Phelps et al., Performances on Indirect Measures of Race Evaluation Predicts Amygdala Activation, 12 J. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 729, 729 (2000).
32. Stacey A. Tovino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case for Neuro Exceptionalism? 34 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 415, 426 (2006)
33. Austin Cline, Brain Privacy: Are Your Thoughts Safe? MRIs Revealing More than Even You Know About Yourself, ABOUT.COM, http://atheism.about.com/library/ FAQs/phil/blphil-ethbio-brainpriv.htm (last visited Jan. 16, 2011).
34. Martin Walter et al., Pedophilia Is Linked to Reduced Activation in Hypothalamus and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex During Visual Erotic Stimulation, 62 BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 698, 698-701 (2007) (Pubitemid 47314368)
35. Paolo Cavedini et al., Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Pathological Gambling Patients, 51 BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 334, 334-41 (2002) (Pubitemid 34214999)
36. Felicitas Kranz & Alumit Ishai, Face Perception Is Modulated by Sexual Preference, 16 CURRENT BIOLOGY 63, 63 (2006);
37. Dick F. Swaab, Sexual Orientation and its Basis in Brain Structure and Function, 105 PROC. NAT'L ACAD. SCI., 10,273, 10,273 (2008),
38. John Tierney, Using M.R.I.'s to See Politics on the Brain, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 20, 2004,
39. Turhan Canli et al., An fMRI Study of Personality Influences on Brain Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli, 115 BEHAV. NEUROSCIENCE 33, 33 (2001)
40. James K. Rilling et al., A Neural Basis for Social Cooperation, 35 NEURON 395, 395 (2002)
41. Ronald M. Green, From Genome to Brainome: Charting the Lessons Learned, in NEUROETHICS: DEFINING THE ISSUES IN THEORY, PRACTICE, AND POLICY 105, 114 (Judy Illes ed., 2004).
42. Turhan Canli & Zenab Amin, Neuroimaging of Emotion and Personality: Scientific Evidence and Ethical Consideration, 50 BRAIN & COGNITION, 414, 424-26 (2002);
43. Jorge Moll et al., Morals and the Human Brain: A Working Model, 14 NEUROREPORT 299, 300 (2003).
44. Richard L. Ernst & Joel W. Hay, The U.S. Economic and Social Costs of Alzheimer's Disease Revisited, 84 AM. J. PUB. HEALTH 1261, 1262 (1994).
45. ROSS KOPPEL, ALZHEIMER'S ASS'N, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: THE COSTS TO U.S. BUSINESSES IN 2002, at 2 (2002).
46. Claudia H. Kawas & Ron Brookmeyer, Aging and the Public Health Effects of Dementia, 344 NEW ENGLAND J. MED. 1160, 1160-61 (2001). (Pubitemid 32285239)
47. Gordon H. Barland & David C. Raskin, An Evaluation of Field Techniques in Detection of Deception, 12 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 321, 321 (1975)
48. J. KUBIS, U.S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LAB., TECH. REPORT NO. LWL-CR-03B70, COMPARISON OF VOICE ANALYSIS AND POLYGRAPH AS LIE DETECTING PROCEDURE (1973)
49. Jennifer M. Nunez et al., Intentional False Responding Share Neural Substrates with Response Conflict and Cognitive Control, 25 NEUROIMAGE 267-77 (2005). (Pubitemid 40289154)
50. Anjan Chatterjee, The Promise and Predicament of Cosmetic Neurology, 32 J. MED. ETHICS 110, 111 (2006).
51. Martha J. Farah & Paul Root Wolpe, Monitoring and Manipulating Brain Function: New Neuroscience Technologies and Their Ethical Implications, 34 HASTINGS CTR. REP., May-June 2004,
52. Richard Martin, It's Wake-Up Time, WIRED, Nov. 2003, http://www.wired. com/wired/ archive/11.11/sleep.html.
53. Jonathan Moreno, DARPA On Your Mind, 6 CEREBRUM 92, 94 (2004).
54. Scott Grady et al., Effect of Modafinil on Impairments in Neurobehavioral Performance and Learning Associated with Extended Wakefulness and Circadian Misalignment, 35 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1910, 1910 (2010).
55. Michael Arrington, How Many Silicon Valley Startup Executives Are Hopped up on Provigil? TECH CRUNCH (July 15, 2008), http://techcrunch.com/2008/07/15/ how-many-of-our-startup-executives-are-hopped-up-on-provigil/.
56. James K. Walsh et al., Modafinil Improves Alertness, Vigilance, and Executive Function During Simulated Night Shifts, 27 SLEEP 434, 434 (2004)
57. Allison Motluk, New Drug Offers Jitter-Free Mental Boost, NEW SCIENTIST, May 5, 2005, http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7342-new-drug-offers- jitterfree-mental-boost.html.
58. Rob Stein, Company Plans to Sell Genetic Testing Kit at Drug Stores, WASH. POST, May 11, 2010,
59. Nita Farahany, The Government Is Trying to Wrap Its Mind Around Yours, WASH. POST, Apr. 13, 2008,
60. C.J. Harland et al., Electric Potential Probes-New Directions in the Remote Sensing of the Human Body, 13 MEASUREMENT SCI. & TECH. 163, 163 (2002)
61. C.J. Harland et al., Remote Detection of Human Electroencephalograms Using Ultrahigh Input Impedance Electric Potential Sensors, 81 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 3284, 3286 (2002)
62. Yu M. Chi, Non-Contact Low Power EEG/ECG Electrode for High Density Wearable Biopotential Sensor Networks 246-250 (Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, 2009)
63. Yu M. Chi & Gert Cauwenberghs, Wireless Non-Contact EEG/ECG Electrodes for Body Sensor Networks 297-301 (International Conference on Body Sensor Networks, 2010)
64. R.J. Prance et al., Biological and Medical Applications of a New Electric Field Sensor 3-4 (Proceedings of the ESA Annual Meeting on Electrostatics, Paper N2, 2008)
65. Arthur W. Toga, Neuroimage Databases: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, 3 NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE 302, 307-08 (2002).
66. Jessica L. Roberts, Preempting Discrimination: Lessons from the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, 63 VAND. L. REV. 439, 462 (2010)
67. Henry Greely et al., Towards Responsible Use of Cognitive-Enhancing Drugs by the Healthy, 456 NATURE 702, 703 (2008).
68. Michael Russo et al., Letter to the Editor, Cosmetic Neurology: The Controversy Over Enhancing Movement, Mentation, and Mood, 64 NEUROLOGY 1320, 1321 (2005).
69. J.M. Appell, When the Boss Turns Pusher: A Proposal for Employee Protections in the Age of Cosmetic Neurology, 34 J. MED. ETHICS 616, 617 (2008).