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Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 152-166

Human-elephant conflict in Africa: The legal and political viability of translocations, wildlife corridors, and transfrontier parks for large mammal conservation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELEPHANT; LEGAL SYSTEM; SPECIES CONSERVATION; TRANSLOCATION; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84862000901     PISSN: 13880292     EISSN: 15481476     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13880292.2012.678793     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (106)
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    • See the review of the contrasting approaches to elephant management among eastern and southern African countries in J. R. Berger, The African Elephant, Human Economics and International Law: Bridging a Great Rift for East and Southern Africa, GEO. INT'L ENVTL. L. REV. 418-470 (2001).
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    • Recent developments in the ability to extract DNA from ivory now allow law enforcement agents to determine the origin of ivory and establish its legality: S. K. Wasser, et al., Using DNA to Track the Origin of the Largest Ivory Seizure Since the 1989 Trade Ban, 104 PROC. NAT'L ACAD. SCI. 4228-4233 (2007)
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    • Only 73 elephants were studied by, of which only 28 were reproductively mature females. This population was confined to a closed reserve and habituated to vehicles
    • Only 73 elephants were studied by Delsink, et al., supra note 26, of which only 28 were reproductively mature females. This population was confined to a closed reserve and habituated to vehicles.
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    • Up to 75 percent of the females in Kruger National Park need to be treated over the course of 11 years to reach zero growth
    • Up to 75 percent of the females in Kruger National Park need to be treated over the course of 11 years to reach zero growth.
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    • For evidence from Botswana, see
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    • For example, orphaned elephants that are raised by humans and then released to the wild may become problem animals due to their high affinity to humans
    • For example, orphaned elephants that are raised by humans and then released to the wild may become problem animals due to their high affinity to humans.
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    • This reduction in elephant numbers at the translocation source is likely temporary, just as after culling, because population growth may accelerate and elephants from nearby regions may immigrate and replace the removed elephants
    • This reduction in elephant numbers at the translocation source is likely temporary, just as after culling, because population growth may accelerate and elephants from nearby regions may immigrate and replace the removed elephants.
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    • Bomas are enclosures at the release site in which translocated animals are kept for a short period before further release into the park
    • Bomas are enclosures at the release site in which translocated animals are kept for a short period before further release into the park.
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    • This is stated on the Web page of IFAW at http://www.ifaw.org/us/node/2211 (accessed 28 Jan. 2012).
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    • According to Blanc, "The African Elephant has been listed in CITES Appendix I since 1989, but the populations of the following Range States have since been transferred back to Appendix II with specific annotations: Botswana (1997), Namibia (1997), South Africa (2000) and Zimbabwe (1997). These annotations have been recently replaced by a single annotation for all four countries, with certain specific sub-annotations for the populations of Namibia and Zimbabwe The sport hunting of elephants is permitted under the legislation of a number of Range States, and the following countries currently (2007) have CITES export quotas for elephant trophies: Botswana, Cameroon, Gabon, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe."
    • According to Blanc, supra note 14, "The African Elephant has been listed in CITES Appendix I since 1989, but the populations of the following Range States have since been transferred back to Appendix II with specific annotations: Botswana (1997), Namibia (1997), South Africa (2000) and Zimbabwe (1997). These annotations have been recently replaced by a single annotation for all four countries, with certain specific sub-annotations for the populations of Namibia and Zimbabwe The sport hunting of elephants is permitted under the legislation of a number of Range States, and the following countries currently (2007) have CITES export quotas for elephant trophies: Botswana, Cameroon, Gabon, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe."
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    • Article III of CITES is explained at http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/text.php#III (accessed 28 Jan. 2012).
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    • IUCN, Guidelines for Reintroductions, Prepared by the Species Survival Commission, Re-introduction Specialist Group (IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 1998).
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    • Of all the implemented solutions to HEC listed by Omondi et al., supra note 34, none include wildlife corridors or efforts to increase elephants' habitat size.
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    • See the information online at http://www.mountkenyatrust.org/elephantcorridor.htm (accessed 28 Jan. 2012).
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    • See also http://www.mountkenyatrust.org/elephantcorridor.htm (accessed 28 Jan. 2012).
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    • This is similar to the time it takes elephants to acclimate to new social settings after a translocation. See
    • This is similar to the time it takes elephants to acclimate to new social settings after a translocation. See Pinter-Wollman, et al., supra note 10.
    • Supra Note 10
    • Pinter-Wollman1
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.