Sex, science, and the politics of biomedicine: Gardasil in comparative perspective

Three Shots at Prevention: The HPV Vaccine and the Politics of Medicine's Simple Solutions

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 213-228

  Epstein, Steven ^a   Huff, April N ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84861943798     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (57)

1. By biopolitics we mean the state's promotion and management of population health (Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley [New York: Vintage Books, 1980]), and by biomedicalization we mean the use of biomedical frames of understanding and technologies to transform human life (Adele E. Clarke, Janet K. Shim, Laura Mamo, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, and Jennifer R. Fishman, "Biomedicalization: Technoscientific Transformations of Health, Illness, and U. S. Biomedicine", American Sociological Review 68 [2003]: 161-194;
2. Peter Conrad, The Medicalization of Society [Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006]).
3. On the politics of sexuality, see, for example, Gayle Rubin, "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality", in Plea sure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality, ed. Carole S. Vance (New York: Routledge, 19 8 4), 267-318;
4. Elizabeth Bernstein and Laurie Schaffner, Regulating Sex: The Politics of Intimacy and Identity (New York: Routledge, 2005);
5. Kristin Luker, W hen Sex Goes to School: Warring Views on Sex - and Sex Education-since the Sixties (New York: Norton, 2006);
6. Diane Di Mauro and Carole Joffe, "The Religious Right and the Reshaping of Sexual Policy: An Examination of Reproductive Rights and Sexuality Education", Sexuality Research and Social Policy 4, no. 1(2007):67-92;
7. Jessica Fields, Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008).
8. "Bush Moves to Outflank Demo crats on Abortion Finance Limits", New York Times, March 25, 2001.
9. Donald G. McNeil, "Bush's Global AIDS Effort Limited by Restrictions", New York Times, March 31, 2007.
10. Esther Kaplan, With God on Their Side: How Christian Fundamentalists Trampled Science, Policy, and Democracy in George W. Bush's White House (New York: New Press, 2004);
11. Chris Mooney, The Republican War on Science (New York: Basic Books, 2005).
12. Steven Epstein, "The New Attack on Sexuality Research: Morality and the Politics of Knowledge Production", Sexuality Research and Social Policy 3, no. 1(2006):1-12.
13. Joanna Kempner, "The Chilling Effect: How Do Researchers React to Controversy?" PLoS Medicine 5, no. 11(2008):1571-1578.
14. Kaplan, With God on Their Side, 84.
15. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Product Approval Information-Licensing Action: Gardasil Questions and Answers, Food and Drug Administration, www.fda.gov/cber/products/hpvmer060806qa. h t m, June 8, 2006 (accessed Nov. 4, 2007);
16. A d v i s or y Committee on Immunization Practices, Vaccines for Children Program Resolution on HPV Vaccine - Resolution Number 6/06-2 on June 29, 2006, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/ downloads/resolutions/0606hpv.pdf, June 29, 2006 (accessed Aug. 1, 2007).
17. See also Elizabeth Rosenthal, "The Evidence Gap: Drug Makers' Push Leads to Cancer Vaccines' Rise", New York Times, Aug.20, 2008.
18. House Call with Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Laura Bush: Changing the World One Heart at a Time, Web transcript, CNN, http://transcripts.cnn. com/TRANSCRIPTS/0712/29/hcsg.01.html, Dec. 29, 2007 (accessed Sept. 20, 2008).
19. Erving Goffman, Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Or ga ni za tion of Experience (New York: Harper and Row, 1974);
20. Charles E. Rosenberg and Janet Lynne Golden, Framing Disease: Studies in Cultural History (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992).
21. Charlotte J. Haug, "Human Papillomavirus Vaccination-Reasons for Caution", New England Journal of Medicine 359, no. 8(2008):861-862.
22. Jon S. Abramson, M. D., Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine; chair, CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, telephone interview, Sept. 27, 2007
23. Susan Levine and Hamil R. Harris, "Wave of Support for HPV Vaccination of Girls", Washington Post, Jan. 12, 2007, B1.
24. Susan Wood, Ph. D., former director, Office of Women's Health, FDA, telephone interview, July 18, 2008.
25. Janet Gilsdorf, M. D., Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health; member, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice and former chair (until June 2007), ACIP's Working Group on HPV Vaccines, telephone interview, Sept. 27, 2007.
26. Reginald Finger, "Welcome to Reg Finger.com", www.regfinger.com/(accessed Dec. 25, 2009).
27. Reginald Finger, M. D., medical analyst for Focus on the Family, Colorado Springs, CO (2001-5);
28. former member, CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, telephone interview, Sept. 14, 2007.
29. An argument similar to ours about conservative groups' moderation of their opposition to Gardasil has recently been made by Monica J. Casper and Laura M. Carpenter, "Sex, Drugs, and Politics: The HPV Vaccine for Cervical Cancer", Sociology of Health and Illness 30, no. 6(2008):894.
30. Amy Allina, program and policy director, National Women's Health Network, Washington, DC, telephone interview, Aug. 7, 2008.
31. Andrea Lafferty, No Mandator y HPV Vaccine for Girls! Tradit ional Values Co alition, www.traditionalvalues.org/modules.php ?sid = 3015, Feb. 21, 2007 (accessed Aug. 26, 2007).
32. Focus on the Family, Focus on the Family Position Statement: Human Papillomavirus Vaccines, Focus on the Family, www.family.org/sharedassets/ correspondence/pdfs/Pub licPolicy/Position-Statement-Human-Papillomavirus- Vaccine.pdf, Feb. 21, 2007 (accessed July 22, 2007).
33. Linda, Klepacki, R. N., Sexual health analyst, Focus on the Family, Colorado Springs, CO, telephone interview, Sept. 27, 2007.
34. Rita Rubin, "Injected into a Controversy", USA Today, Oct. 20, 2005, 8D.
35. Debora MacKenzie, "Will Cancer Vaccine Get to All Women?" New Scientist, April 18, 2005.
36. Peter Sprigg, Don't Mandate HPV Vaccine-Trust Parents, Family Research Council, www.frc.org/get.cfm ?i = PV07D03, 2007 (accessed July 30, 2007).
37. Moira Gaul, Family Research Council Statement Regarding HPV Vaccines, Family Research Council, www.frc.org/get.cfm ?i = LH06B03, Feb. 21, 2006 (accessed July 30, 2007).
38. Klepacki interview; Rob Stein, "Cervical Cancer Vaccine Gets Injected with a Social Issue", Washington Post, Oct. 31, 2005, A3;
39. Gaul, Family Research Council Statement.
40. David Gilden, "Protecting against HPV: The Next Battleground?" Treatment Issues: Newsletter of Current Issues in HIV/AIDS 19, nos. 5-6(2005), cited from www.thebody.com/content/art13356.html.
41. Kirsten Moore, M. A., president and CEO, Reproductive Health Technologies Project, Washington, DC, telephone interview, Aug. 18, 2008.; Allina interview.
42. James Colgrove, "The Ethics and Politics of Compulsory HPV Vaccination", New England Journal of Medicine 355, no. 23(2006):2389-2 391;
43. L. Udesky, "Push to Mandate HPV Vaccine Triggers Backlash in USA", Lancet 369, no. 9566(2007):979-980.
44. On Gardasil as a "vaccine against risk", see chapter 2.
45. Marie Cocco, "White House Wages Stealth War on Condoms (Op-Ed)", Newsday, Nov. 14, 2002.
46. Judith Auerbach, Ph. D., director of public policy, San Francisco AIDS Foundation; formerly with the Office of AIDS Research, National Institutes of Health, interview, San Francisco, Sept. 20, 2007.;
47. Kaplan, With God on Their Side, 170-171;
48. Mooney, Republican War on Science, 215.
49. Specia l I nvest igations Division, Committee on Gover nment Refor m - Minority Staff, The Content of Federally Funded Abstinence-Only Education Programs, U. S. House of Representatives, http://oversight.house.gov/documents/ 20041201102153-50247.pdf, report, Dec. 2004 (accessed July 23, 2005).
50. Gardiner Harris, "Morning-After-Pill Ruling Defies Norm", New York Times, May 8, 2004, 13.
51. Kaplan, With God on Their Side, 115-118.
52. Mooney, Republican War on Science, 219.
53. Wood interview; Frank Davidoff and James Trussell, "Plan B and the Politics of Doubt", Journal of the American Medical Association 296, no. 14(2006):1775-1778;
54. L. L. Wynn and James Trussell, "The Social Life of Emergency Contraception in the United States: Disciplining Pharmaceutical Use, Disciplining Sexuality, and Constructing Zygotic Bodies", Medical Anthropology Quarterly 20, no. 3(2006):297-320.
55. Gardiner Harris, "Official Quits on Pill Delay at the F. D. A.", New York Times, Sept. 1, 2005, A12.
56. After unanticipated delays, Cervarix was approved by the FDA in October 2009.
57. Moore interview; Allina interview; Nonprescription Drugs Advisory Committee in Joint Session with the Advisory Committee for Reproductive Health Drugs Meeting, Dec. 16, 2003, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/03/transcripts/4015T1.htm (accessed Aug. 15, 2008