Current concept review: Vitamin D and stress fractures

Foot and Ankle International

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 526-533

  McCabe, Michael P ^a   Smyth, Mark P ^a   Richardson, David R ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Stress fractures; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CARBONATE; COLECALCIFEROL; ERGOCALCIFEROL; VITAMIN D;

AMENORRHEA; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BLOOD SAMPLING; BONE METABOLISM; BONE MINERALIZATION; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; BONE SCINTISCANNING; BONE STRENGTH; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COHORT ANALYSIS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG METABOLISM; HEALTH SURVEY; HEREDITY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; META ANALYSIS; OSTEOMALACIA; OSTEOPENIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SCREENING TEST; STRESS FRACTURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

EID: 84861802762     PISSN: 10711007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3113/FAI.2012.0526     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Armas, LAG; Hollis, BW; Heaney, RP: Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans. J Clin Endrocrinol Metab. 89:5387-5391, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0360
2. Avenell, A; Gillespie, WJ; Gillespie, LD; O'Connell, D: Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD000227, 2009.
3. Bischoff-Ferrari, HA; Giovannucci, E; Willett, WC; et al.: Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 84:18-28, 2006.
4. Boonen, S; Lips, P; Bouillon, R; et al.: Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin D supplementation: evidence from a comparative metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 92:1415-1423, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1404
5. Brannon, PM; Yetley, EA; Bailey, RL; Picciano, MF: Overview of the conference "Vitamin D and health in the 21st century: an update". Am J Clin Nutr. 88:483S-490S, 2008.
6. Brumbaugh, PF; Speer, DP; Pitt, MJ: 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 a metabolite of vitamin D that promotes bone repair. Am J Pathol. 106:171-179, 1982.
7. Chatzipapas, C; Boikos, S; Drosos, GI; et al.: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene and stress fractures. Horm Metab Res. 41:635-640, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1216375
8. Chen, TC; Shao, A; Heath, H 3rd; Holick, MF: An update on the vitamin D content of fortified milk from the United States and Canada. N Engl J Med. 329:1507, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199311113292021
9. Chung, M; Balk, EM; Brendel, M; et al.: Vitamin D and calcium: A systematic review of health outcomes. Evidence Report No. 183. (Prepared by the Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. HHSA 290-2007-10055-I.) AHRQ Publication No. 09-E015. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. August, 2009.
10. Constantini, N; Arieli, R; Chodick, G; Dubnov-Raz, G: High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in athletes and dancers. Clin J Sports Med. 20:368-371, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181f 207f2
11. Dekel, S; Salama, R; Edelstein, S: The effect of vitamin D and its metabolites on fracture repair in chicks. Clin Sci. 65:429-436, 1983.
12. Delgado-Martinez, AD; Martinez, ME; Carrascal, MT; et al.: Effect of 25-OH-Vitamin D on fracture healing in elderly rats. J Orthop Res. 16:650-653, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100160604
13. DIPART (Vitamin D Individual Patient Analysis of Randomized Trials) Group. Patient level pooled analysis of 68,500 patients from seven major vitamin D fracture trials in US and Europe. BMJ. 340:b5463, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1136/bmj.b5463
14. Doetsch, AM; Faber, J; Lynnerup, N, et al.: The effect of calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation on the healing of the proximal humerus fracture: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Calcif Tissue Int. 75:183-188, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-004-0167-0 (Pubitemid 39331646)
15. Evans, RK; Antczak, AJ; Lester, M; et al.: Effects of a 4-month recruit training program on markers of bone metabolism. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 40:S660-S670, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318189422b
16. Friedl, KE; Evans, RK; Moran, DS: Stress fracture and military medical readiness: bridging basic and applied research. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 40:S609-S622, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181892d53
17. Gigante, A; Torcianti, M; Boldrini, E; et al.: Vitamin K and D association stimulates in vitro osteoblast differentiation of fracture site derived human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 22:35-44, 2008.
18. Giovannucci, E. What is the optimal vitamin D level for health? Therapy. 6:655-658, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/14750708.5.5.655
19. Givon, U; Friedman, E; Reiner, A; et al.: Stress fractures in the Israeli defense forces from 1995 to 1996. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 373:227-232, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200004000-00027
20. Heaney, RP: Optimal vitamin D status: letter to the editor. J Bone Miner Res. 24:755, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081219
21. Heaney, RP: Vitamin D: criteria for safety and efficacy. Nutr Rev. 66:S178-S181, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00102.x
22. Heaney, RP; Davies, KM; Chen, TC; et al.: Human serum 25-hydroxychole-calciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:204-10.
23. Holden, JM; Lemar, LE; Exler, J: Vitamin D in foods: development of the US Department of Agriculture database. Am J Clin Nutr. 87:1092S-1096S, 2008.
24. Holick, MF: Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J Clin Invest. 116: 2062-2072, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI29449
25. Holick, MF: Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 357:266-281, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra070553
26. Holick, MF; Shao, Q; Liu, WW; Chen, TC: The vitamin D content of fortified milk and infant formula. N Engl J Med. 326:1178-1181, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199204303261802
27. Houghston, LA; Vieth, R: The case against ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement. Am J Clin Nutr. 84:694-697, 2006.
28. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary reference intakes: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997.
29. Jones, BH; Thacker, SB; Gilchrist, J; et al.: Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures in athletes and soldiers: a systematic review. Epidemiol Rev. 24:228-247, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxf011
30. Kaastad, TS; Reikeras, O; Halvorsen, V; et al.: Vitamin D deficiency and ovariectomy reduced the strenth of the femoral neck in rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 69:102-108, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-001-0009-2
31. Kennel, KA; Drake, MT; Hurley, DL: Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat. Mayo Clin Proc. 85:752-758, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4065/mcp.2010.0138
32. Lappe, J; Cullen, D; Haynatzki, G; et al.: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation decreases incidence of stress fractures in female navy recruits. J Bone Miner Res. 23:741-749, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.080102
33. Lappe, JM; Travers-Gustafson, D; Davies, KM; et al.: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 85:1586-1591, 2007.
34. Larson-Meyer, DE; Kentz, SW: Vitamin D and athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 9:220-226, 2010.
35. Li, X; Heffernan, MJ; Mortimer, ES: Upper extremity stress fractures and spondylolysis in an adolescent baseball pitcher with an associated endocrine abnormality: a case report. J Pedaitr Orthop 30: 339-343, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181dac0c1
36. Lidor, C; Dekel, S; Edelstein, S: The metabolism of vitamin D3 during fracture healing in chicks. Endocrinology. 120:389-393, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-120-1-389
37. Loud, KJ; Gordon, CM; Micheli, LJ; Field, AE: Correlates of stress fracture among preadolescent and adolescent girls. Pediatrics. 115:e399-e406, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1868
38. National Institutes of Health: Strengthening knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements: vitamin D. Available at http://ods.od.nih.gov/ factsheets/vitamind. Accessed October 28, 2011.
39. Nattiv, A; Armsey, TD, Jr: Stress injury to bone in the female athlete. Clin Sports Med. 16:197-224, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5919(05) 70017-X
40. Nattiv, A; Loucks, AB; Manore, MM; et al.: American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 39:1867-1882, 2007.
41. O'Donnell, S; Cranney, A; Horsley, T; et al.: Efficacy of food fortification on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 88:1528-1534, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26415
42. Omeroglu, H; Ates, Y; Akkus, O; et al.: Biomechanical analysis of the effects of single high-dose vitamin D3 on fracture healing in a healthy rabbit model. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 116:271-274, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ BF00390051
43. Rauh, MJ; Macera, CA; Trone, DW; et al.: Epidemiology of stress fracture and lower-extremity overuse injury in female recruits. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 38:1571-1577, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000227543.51293.9d
44. Ruohola, JP; Laaksi, I; Ylikomi, T; et al.: Association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and bone stress fractures in Finnish young men. J Bone Miner Res. 21:1483-1488, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.060607
45. Tangpricha, V; Pearce, EN; Chen, TC; Holick MF: Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults. Am J Med 112:659-662, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01091-4
46. Tenforde, AS; Sayres, LC; Sainani, KL; et al.: Evaluating the relationship of calcium and vitamin D in the prevention of stress fracture injuries in the young athlete: a review of the literature. PM R. 2:945-949, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.05.006
47. Thacher, TD; Clarke, BL: Vitamin D insufficiency. Mayo Clin Proc. 86:50-60, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0567
48. Thomas, MK; Lloyd-Jones, DM; Thadhani, RI; et al.: Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. New Engl J Med 338:777-83, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/ NEJM199803193381201
49. Valimaki, VV; Alfthan, H.; Lehmuskallio, E; et al.: Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:76-80, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030817
50. Valimaki, VV; Alfthan, H.; Lehmuskallio, E; et al.: Risk factors for clinical stress fractures in male military recruits: a prospective cohort study. Bone 37:267-73, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2005.04.016