Rape: A global perspective

Feminism and Women's Rights Worldwide

Volumn 3-3, Issue , 2009, Pages 177-208

  McKenzie, Michelle ^b   Rozee, Patricia ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861779826     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (103)

1. Abbey, A., & McAuslan, P. (2004). A longitudinal examination of male college students' perpetration of sexual assault. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 747-756.
2. Abbey, A., Zawacki, T., Buck, P. O., Clinton, A. M., & McAuslan, P. (2004). Sexual assault and alcohol consumption: What do we know about their relationship and what types of research are still needed? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 271-303.
3. Aghatise, E. (2004). Trafficking for prostitution in Italy: Possible effects of government proposals for legalization of brothels. Violence Against Women, 10, 1126-1155.
4. Ahrens, C. E., & Rozee, P. D. (2007). Using an ecological perspective to understand and address rape on campus. In G. B. Stahly (Ed.), Gender identity, equity, and violence: Multidisciplinary perspectives through service learning (pp. 159-180). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
5. Amnesty International. (2004, December 4). Lives blown apart: Crimes against women in armed conflict. London: Amnesty International Publications. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/ info/ACT77/075/2004
6. Aosved, A. C., & Long, P. J. (2006). Co-occurrence of rape myth: Acceptance, sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, classism, and religious intolerance. Sex Roles, 55, 481-492.
7. Apanovitch, A. M., Hobfoll, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2002). The effects of social influence on perceptual and affective reactions to scenes of sexual violence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 443-464.
8. Avakame, E. (1999). Females' labor force participation and rape: An empirical test of the backlash hypothesis. Violence Against Women, 5, 926-949.
9. Boeri, M. W. (2002). Women after the utopia: The gendered lives of former cult members. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 31, 323-360.
10. Bostock, D. J., & Daley, J. G. (2007). Lifetime and current sexual assault and harassment victimization rates of active-duty United States Air Force women. Violence Against Women, 13, 927-944.
11. Byrne, C. A., Kilpatrick, D. G., Howley, S. S., & Beatty, D. (1999). Female victims of partner versus nonpartner violence: Experiences with the criminal justice system. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26, 275-292.
12. Byrne, C. A., Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Best, C. L., & Saunders, B. E. (1999). The socioeconomic impact of interpersonal violence on women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 362-366.
13. Central Intelligence Agency. (2008). The 2008 World Factbook. Retrieved December 29, 2008, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/ the-world-factbook/index.html
14. Chattoraj, S. (2002). The Devadasi System. Retrieved January 26, 2009, from http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring02/Chattaraj/index2.html
15. Cloitre, M., Tardiff, K., Marzuk, P. M., & Leon, A. C. (1996). Childhood abuse and subsequent sexual assault among female inpatients. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 473-482.
16. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. (1999). The sex trade: Trafficking of women and children in Europe and the United States. Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One hundred sixth congress, first session. Retrieved December 29, 2008, from http://www.csce.gov/
17. Cue, K. L., George, W. H., & Norris, J. (1996). Women's appraisals of sexual-assault risk in dating situations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20,487-504.
18. Dadian, M. J. (1997, June). Women's Forum: Inclusive Prevention Efforts Fight Stigma in Rural India. Building on Success: The Next Generation of HIV/ AIDS Programs, 4(1). Retrieved January 26, 2009, from http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/Archive/articles/AIDScaptions/volume 4no1/WomensForum.htm
19. Department of Defense. (2008, March 15). Report of sexual assault in the military. Retrieved February 16, 2009, from http://www.sapr.mil/contents/ references/2007%20Annual%20Report.pdf
20. Department of Defense. (2009, March 15). Report on sexual assault in the military. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://www.sapr.mil/contents/Resour-cesReports/AnnualReports/DoD_FY08_Annual_Report.pdf
21. Derné, S. (1999). Making sex violent: Love as force in recent Hindi films. Violence Against Women, 5, 548-575.
22. Embrey, E. P., Arnold, K. A., Bingham, C., Cockerill, J., Dunlow, S. G., Rau, T. J., et al. (2004, April). Care for Victims of Sexual Assault Task Force Report. Department of Defense. Retrieved February 15, 2009, from http:// www.defenselink.mil/dacowits/tablerearch_subpage.html
23. Equality Now. (1998, March). Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Zimbabwe. 62nd session.
24. Equality Now. (2002, May). Slavery in Ghana: The Trokosi Tradition. Retrieved January 26, 2009, from http://www.equalitynow.org/english/actions/ action_1403_en.html
25. Farr, K. (2005). Sex trafficking: The global market in women and children. New York: Worth Publishers.
26. Finkelhor, D., & Browne, A. (1985). The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: A review and conceptualization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 530-541.
27. Fortune, M. M. (2000). Religious issues and violence against women. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women. (pp. 371-386). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
28. Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L. L., & Watts, C. H. (2005). WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses. Switzerland: World Health Organization.
29. Geiger, B., Fischer, M., & Eshet, Y. (2004). Date-rape-supporting and victim-blaming attitudes among high school students in a multiethnic society Israel. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 406-426.
30. Gidycz, C. A., Layman, M. J., Rich, C. L., Crothers, M., Gylys, J., Matorin, A., et al. (2001). An evaluation of an acquaintance rape prevention program: Impact on attitudes, sexual aggression, and sexual victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 1120-1138.
31. Golding, J. M., Wilsnack, S. C., & Cooper, M. L. (2002). Sexual assault history and social support: Six general population studies. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 187-197.
32. Hankin, C. S., Skinner, K. M., Sullivan, L. M., Miller, D. R., Frayne, S., & Tripp, T. J. (1999). Prevalence of depressive and alcohol abuse symptoms among women VA outpatients who report experiencing sexual assault while in the military. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 601-612.
33. Harman, J. (2008, July 29). Harman introduces bipartisan bill to halt rape and sexual assault in the military. Retrieved January 1, 2009, from http:// www.house.gov/list/press/ca36_harman/July29_MST.shtml
34. Harrington, N. T., & Leitenberg, H. (1994). Relationship between alcohol consumption and victim behaviors immediately preceding sexual aggression by an acquaintance. Violence and Victims, 9, 315-324.
35. Heise, L. L. (1998) Violence against women: An integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women, 4, 262-290.
36. Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., & Gottemoeller, M. (1999). Ending violence against women. Population Reports. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, L(11).
37. Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., & Gottemoeller, M. (2002). A global overview of gender-based violence. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 78 (suppl.1), S5-S14.
38. Heise, L. L., Pitanguy, J., & Germain, A. (1994). Violence against women: The hidden health burden. World Bank Discussion Paper #255. Washington, DC: World Bank.
39. Henry, N., Ward, T., & Hirshberg, M. (2004). A multifactorial model of wartime rape. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 535-562.
40. Holtzman, C. G. (1994). Multicultural perspectives on counseling survivors of rape. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 3, 87-97.
41. Honigman, J. J. (1954). The Kaska Indians: An ethnographic reconstruction. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 51, 1-163.
42. Human Rights Watch. (2000, October). Seeking protection: Addressing sexual and domestic violence in Tanzania's refugee camps. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/tanzania/
43. Human Rights Watch. (2005, April 12). Sexual violence and its consequences among displaced persons in Darfur and Chad. Retrieved January 23, 2009, from http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/04/12/sexual-violence-and-its-consequences-among-displaced-persons-darfur-and-chad
44. Human Rights Watch. (2009, January 14). World Report. Retrieved January 23, 2009, from http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2009/01/14/world-report-2009
45. Hynes, M., & Cordozo, B. L. (2000). Sexual violence against refugee women. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-based Medicine, 9, 819-823.
46. Hynes, M., Ward, J., Robertson, K., & Koss, M. (2003, July). A determination of the prevalence of gender based violence among conflict-affected populations in East Timor. Report for The Reproductive Health for Refugees Consortium and International Rescue Committee. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.rhrc.org/resources/index.cfm?sector=gbv
47. Jeffreys, S. (2007). Double jeopardy: Women, the U.S. military and the war in Iraq. Women's Studies International Forum, 30, 16-25.
48. Jewkes, R., & Abrahams, N. (2002). The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: An overview. Social Science & Medicine, 55, 1231-1244.
49. Kalof, L. (1993). Rape-supportive attitudes and sexual victimization experiences of sorority and nonsorority women. Sex Roles, 29, 767-780.
50. Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., & Lozano, R. (2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
51. Levinson, D. (1989). Family violence in cross-cultural perspective. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
52. Lewis, S. (2008, July 21). A crisis of gender violence. Momentum 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www.tides.org/index.-php?id=947
53. Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape myths: In review. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 133-164.
54. Macy, R. J., Nurius, P. S., & Norris, J. (2007). Sexual assault survivors: Implications for defensive coping and resistance. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 543-565.
55. Maker, A. H., Kemmelmeier, M., & Peterson, C. (2001). Child sexual abuse, peer sexual abuse, and sexual assault in adulthood: A multi-risk model of revictimization. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 351-368.
56. Malamuth, N. M. (1981). Rape proclivity among males. Journal of Social Issues, 37, 138-157.
57. Malamuth, N. M. (1989). The attraction to sexual aggression scale: Part one. The Journal of Sex Research, 26, 26-49.
58. Malamuth, N. M., Linz, D., Heavey, C. L., Barnes, G., & Acker, M. (1995). Using the confluence model of sexual aggression to predict men's conflict with women: A 10-year follow-up study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 353-369.
59. Malamuth, N. M., Sockloskie, R. J., Koss, M. P., & Tanaka, J. S. (1991). Characteristics of aggressors against women: Testing a model using a national sample of college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59,670-681.
60. Martin, A. F., Vergeles, M. R., de la Orden Acevedo, V., del Campo Sanchez, A., & Visa, S. L. (2005). The involvement in sexually coercive behaviors of Spanish college men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 872-891.
61. Méndez, C. F. (2008). Spanish legislation on violence against women: Challenges and facts. United Nations expert group meeting on good practices in legislation on violence against women, EGM/GPLVAW/2008/EP.11. Retrieved December 21, 2008, from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/ daw/egm/vaw_legislation_2008/vaw_legislation_2008.htm
62. Messman-Moore, T. L., & Brown, A. L. (2006). Risk perception, rape, and sexual revictimization: A prospective study of college women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 159-172.
63. Messman-Moore, T. L., & Long, P. J. (2000). Child sexual abuse and revictimization in the form of adult sexual abuse, adult physical abuse, and adult psychological maltreatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 489-502.
64. Miller, A. K., Markman, K. D., & Handley, I. M. (2007). Self-blame among sexual assault victims prospectively predicts revictimization: A perceived sociolegal context model of risk. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29, 129-136.
65. Minturn, L., Grosse, M., & Haider, S. (1969). Cultural patterning of sexual beliefs and behavior. Ethnology, 8, 301-318.
66. Mithers, C. (2004, November). The garden of evil. Retrieved December 29, 2008, from http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/cms/press-center/2004-gfw-news/garden-of-evil.html
67. Mollica, R. (August 1986). Cambodian refugee women at risk. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
68. Norris, J., & Cubbins, L. A. (1992). Dating, drinking, and rape: Effects of victim's and assailant's alcohol consumption on judgments of their behavior and traits. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 179-191.
69. Norris, J., George, W. H., Stoner, S. A., Masters, N. T., Zawacki, T., & Davis, K. C. (2006). Women's responses to sexual aggression: The effects of childhood trauma, alcohol, and prior relationship. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 14, 402-411.
70. Nwankwo, O. (2008, May 19). Effectiveness of legislation enacted to address violence against women in Nigeria. United Nations expert group meeting on good practices in legislation on violence against women, EGM/GPLVAW/ 2008/EP.08. Retrieved December 21, 2008, from http://www.un.org/wom-enwatch/daw/egm/vaw_legislation_2008/vaw_legislation_2008.htm
71. Olson, E. A. (1981). Socioeconomic and psychocultural contexts of child abuse and neglect in Turkey. In J. Korbin (Ed.), Child abuse and neglect: Cross cultural perspectives (pp. 96-119). Berkeley: University of California Press.
72. Payne, D. L., Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1999). Rape myth acceptance: Exploration of its structure and its measurement using the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 27-68.
73. Pazzani, L. M. (2007). The factors affecting sexual assaults committed by strangers and acquaintances. Violence Against Women, 13, 717-749.
74. Richard, A. O. (2000). International trafficking in women to the United States: A contemporary manifestation of slavery and organized crime. Washington, DC: DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program, Center for the Study of Intelligence.
75. Rozee, P. D. (1993). Forbidden or forgiven: Rape in cross-cultural perspective. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 499-514.
76. Rozee, P. D., & Koss, M. P. (2001). Rape: A century of resistance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, Millennial Issue, 25, 295-311.
77. Rozee, P. D., & Van Boemel, G. (1989). The psychological effects of war trauma on Cambodian refugee women. Women and Therapy: A Feminist Quarterly, 8, 23-50.
78. Rozee-Koker, P. D. (1987). Cross-cultural codes for seven types of rape. Behavior Science Research, 21, 101-117.
79. Sadler, A. G., Booth, B. M., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2005). Gang and multiple rapes during military service: Health consequences and health care. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 60, 33-41.
80. Sadler, A. G., Booth, B. M., Nielson, D., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2000). Health-related consequences of physical and sexual violence: Women in the military. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 96, 473-480.
81. Sanday, P. R. (1981). Female power and male dominance: On the origins of sexual inequality. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
82. Senn, C. Y., Desmarais, S., Verberg, N., & Wood, E. (2000). Predicting coercive sexual behavior across the lifespan in a random sample of Canadian men. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 95-113.
83. Sheldon, J. P. & Parent, S. L. (2002). Clergy's attitudes and attributions of blame toward female rape victims. Violence Against Women, 8, 233-256.
84. Skinner, K. M., Kressin, N., Frayne, S., Tripp, T. J., Hankin, C. S., Miller, D. R., et al. (2000). The prevalence of military sexual assault among female Veterans' Administration outpatients. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15,291-310.
85. Stiglmayer, A. (1993, January 4). A pattern of rape: A torrent of wrenching first-person testimonies tells of a now Serb atrocity: Systematic sexual abuse. Newsweek. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.news-week.com/id/115892
86. Swiss, S., & Giller, J. (1993). Rape as a crime of war: A medical perspective. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 612-615.
87. Tananta, F. M. M. (2008, May 24). Good practices regarding legal reforms in the area of violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean. United Nations expert group meeting on good practices in legislation on violence against Women, EGM/GPLVAW/2008/EP.05. Retrieved December 21, 2008, from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw_legi-slation_2008/expertpapers/
88. United Nations. (1993). Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. General Assembly Resolution 48/104, December 20,1993.
89. United Nations. (2000). Convention against transnational organized crime. Fifty-fifth session, A/55/383. Retrieved December 28, 2008, from http:// www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/a_res_55/res5525e.pdf
90. United Nations. (2006, July 6). In-depth study on all forms of violence against women. Sixty-first session, A/61/122/Add.1. Retrieved December 26, 2009, from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/documents/ga61.htm
91. United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking, China. (2008, September). SIREN human trafficking data sheet. V. 1.0. Retrieved December 29, 2008, from http://www.notrafficking.org/content/SIREN/SIREN_pdf/ china%20siren%20data%20sheet%20sept%202008.pdf
92. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2006). Trafficking in persons, global patterns. Retrieved December 26, 2008, from http://www.unod-c.org/documents/human-trafficking/HT-globalpatterns-en.pdf
93. United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). (2006). Statistical Yearbook. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/STA-TISTICS/478cda572.html
94. United Nations Security Council (2008, June 19). Resolution 1820, 5916th Security Council meeting, S/RES/1820. Retrieved January 26, 2009, from http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions08.htm
95. U.S. Department of State. (2005). Trafficking in Persons Report. Retrieved December 29, 2008, from http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/ index.htm
96. U.S. Department of State. (2008). Trafficking in Persons Report. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2008/ index.htm
97. Van Boemel, G., & Rozee, P. D. (1992). Treatment efficacy for psychosomatic blindness among Cambodian refugee women. Women and Therapy: A Feminist Quarterly, 13, 239-266.
98. Van Woudenberg, A. (2005, February 28). MONUC: A Case for Peacekeeping Reform. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http:// www.hrw.org/english/docs/2005/03/01/congo10222.htm
99. Ward, J. (2002, April). If not now, when? Addressing gender-based violence in refugee, internally displaced, and post-conflict settings: A global overview. The Reproductive Health for Refugees Consortium. Retrieved December 29, 2008, from http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/gbvintro.pdf
100. Widyono, M. (2006, November 8-9). Strengthening regional work on gender-based violence: A meeting of activists, practitioners and researchers from the Horn, East and Southern Africa, Kampala, Uganda. U.S. Agency for International Development. Retrieved December 14, 2008, from http:// www.igwg.org/pdf/SRWGBV.pdf
101. Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children. (2006, March). Beyond firewood: Fuel alternatives and protection strategies for displaced women and girls. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.rhrc.org/ resources/index.cfm?sector=gbv
102. Yodanis, C. (2004). Gender inequality, violence against women, and fear: A cross-national test of the feminist theory of violence against women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 655-675.
103. Yost, M. R., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2006). Gender differences in the enactment of sociosexuality: An examination of implicit social motives, sexual fantasies, coercive sexual attitudes, and aggressive sexual behavior. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 163-173.