Territorial defence behaviour in red squirrels is influenced by local density

Behaviour

Volumn 149, Issue 3-4, 2012, Pages 369-390

  Shonfield, Julia ^a   Taylor, Ryan W ^b   Boutin, Stan ^c   Humphries, Murray M ^d   McAdam, Andrew G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

aggressiveness; intruder pressure; offspring defence; playback; resource holding potential; vocal communication

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; SCIURIDAE; TAMIASCIURUS; TAMIASCIURUS HUDSONICUS;

EID: 84861679990     PISSN: 00057959     EISSN: 1568539X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156853912X637842     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behaviour: Sampling methods.-Behaviour 49: 227-267.
2. Amy, M., Sprau, P., de Goede, P. & Naguib, M. (2010). Effects of personality on territory defence in communication networks: A playback experiment with radio-tagged great tits.-Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. 277: 3685-3692.
3. Arcese, P. (1987). Age, intrusion pressure and defense against floaters by territorial male song sparrows.-Anim. Behav. 35: 773-784.
4. Balfour, D. (1983). Infanticide in the Columbian ground squirrel, Spermophilus columbianus.-Anim. Behav. 31: 949-950.
5. Blumstein, D.T. & Daniel, J.C. (2007). Quantifying behaviour the JWatcher way.-Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
6. Boon, A.K., Réale, D. & Boutin, S. (2007). The interaction between personality, offspring fitness and food abundance in North American red squirrels.-Ecol. Lett. 10: 1094-1104.
7. Brown, J.L. (1964). The evolution of diversity in avian territorial systems.-Wilson Bull. 76: 160-169.
8. Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. (2002). Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach.-Springer, New York, NY.
9. Careau, V., Réale, D., Humphries, M.M. & Thomas, D.W. (2010). The pace of life under artificial selection: Personality, energy expenditure, and longevity are correlated in domestic dogs.-Am. Nat. 175: 753-758.
10. Carere, C. & van Oers, K. (2004). Shy and bold great tits (Parus major): Body temperature and breath rate in response to handling stress.-Physiol. Behav. 82: 905-912.
11. Dantzer, B., Boutin, S., Humphries, M.M. & McAdam, A.G. (in press). Behavioral responses of territorial red squirrels to natural and experimental variation in population density.-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., DOI 10.1007/s00265-012-1335-2.
12. den Hartog, P.M., Slabbekoorn, H. & ten Cate, C. (2008). Male territorial vocalizations and responses are decoupled in an avian hybrid zone.-Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 363: 2879-2889.
13. Descamps, S., Boutin, S., Berteaux, D. & Gaillard, J.M. (2008). Age-specific variation in survival, reproductive success and offspring quality in red squirrels: Evidence of senescence.-Oikos 117: 1406-1416.
14. Donald, J.L. & Boutin, S. (2011). Intraspecific cache pilferage by larder-hoarding red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus).-J. Mammal. 92: 1013-1020.
15. Faraway, J.J. (2006). Extending the linear model with R: Generalized linear, mixed effects and nonparametric regression models.-Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
16. Fletcher, Q.E., Boutin, S., Lane, J.E., LaMontagne, J.M., McAdam, A.G., Krebs, C.J. & Humphries, M.M. (2010). The functional response of a hoarding seed predator to mast seeding.-Ecology 91: 2673-2683.
17. Gherardi, F. (2006). Fighting behavior in hermit crabs: The combined effect of resourceholding potential and resource value in Pagurus longicarpus.-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 59: 500-510.
18. Gill, F.B. & Wolf, L.L. (1975). Economics of feeding territoriality in the golden-winged sunbird.-Ecology 56: 333-345.
19. Goble, A. (2008). Signature signals in the territorial vocalizations of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and their use in kin recognition.-MSc thesis,Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
20. Gorrell, J.C., McAdam, A.G., Coltman, D.W., Humphries, M.M. & Boutin S. (2010). Adopting kin enhances inclusive fitness in asocial red squirrels.-Nature Commun. 1: 22.
21. Hobbs, N.T. & Hilborn, R. (2006). Alternatives to statistical hypothesis testing in ecology: A guide to self teaching.-Ecol. Appl. 16: 5-19.
22. Hoogland, J.L. (1985). Infanticide in prairie dogs-lactating females kill offspring of close kin.-Science 230: 1037-1040.
23. Humphries, E.L., Hebblethwaite, A.J., Batchelor, T.P. & Hardy, I.C.W. (2006). The importance of valuing resources: Host weight and contender age as determinants of parasitoid wasp contest outcomes.-Anim. Behav. 72: 891-898.
24. Humphries, M.M. & Boutin, S. (1996). Reproductive demands and mass gains: A paradox in female red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus).-J. Anim. Ecol. 65: 332-338.
25. Hyman, J., Hughes, M., Searcy, W.A. & Nowicki, S. (2004). Individual variation in the strength of territory defense in male song sparrows: Correlates of age, territory tenure, and neighbor aggressiveness.-Behaviour 141: 15-27.
26. Johnson, J.B. & Omland, K.S. (2004). Model selection in ecology and evolution.-Trends Ecol. Evol. 19: 101-108.
27. Johnsson, J.I., Carlsson, M. & Sundstrom, L.F. (2000). Habitat preference increases territorial defence in brown trout (Salmo trutta).-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 48: 373-377.
28. Keeley, E.R. & McPhail, J.D. (1998). Food abundance, intruder pressure, and body size as determinants of territory size in juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).-Behaviour 135: 65-82.
29. Kelly, C.D. (2008). The interrelationships between resource-holding potential, resource-value and reproductive success in territorial males: How much variation can we explain?-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 62: 855-871.
30. Kleiber, D., Kyle, K., Rockwell, S.M. & Dickinson, J.L. (2007). Sexual competition explains patterns of individual investment in territorial aggression in western bluebird winter groups.-Anim. Behav. 73: 763-770.
31. Koolhaas, J.M., Korte, S.M., De Boer, S.F., Van Der Vegt, B.J., Van Reenen, C.G., Hopster, H., De Jong, I.C., Ruis, M.A.W.&Blokhuis, H.J. (1999). Coping styles in animals: Current status in behavior and stress-physiology.-Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 23: 925-935.
32. Kruuk, L.E.B. (2004). Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the "animal model".-Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 359: 873-890.
33. Lair, H. (1990). The calls of the red squirrel-A contextual analysis of function.-Behaviour 115: 254-282.
34. LaMontagne, J.M. & Boutin, S. (2007). Local-scale synchrony and variability in mast seed production patterns of Picea glauca.-J. Ecol. 95: 991-1000.
35. Larivée, M.L., Boutin, S., Speakman, J.R., McAdam, A.G. & Humphries, M.M. (2010). Associations between over-winter survival and resting metabolic rate in juvenile North American red squirrels.-Funct. Ecol. 24: 597-607.
36. Larsen, K.W. & Boutin, S. (1994).Movements, survival, and settlement of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) offspring.-Ecology 75: 214-223.
37. Maher, C.R. & Lott, D.F. (1995). Definitions of territoriality used in the study of variation in vertebrate spacing systems.-Anim. Behav. 49: 1581-1597.
38. Maher, C.R. & Lott, D.F. (2000). A review of ecological determinants of territoriality within vertebrate species.-Am. Midl. Nat. 143: 1-29.
39. Martin, J.G.A. & Réale, D. (2008). Temperament, risk assessment and habituation to novelty in eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus.-Anim. Behav. 75: 309-318.
40. Martin, P.R. & Bateson, P.P.G. (1993). Measuring behaviour: An introductory guide, 2nd edn.-Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
41. Matos, R.J. & Schlupp, I. (2005). Performing in front of an audience: Signallers and the social environment.-In: Animal communication networks (McGregor, P.K., ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 63-83.
42. McAdam, A.G., Boutin, S., Sykes, A.K. & Humphries, M.M. (2007). Life histories of female red squirrels and their contributions to population growth and lifetime fitness.-Écoscience 14: 362-369.
43. Meadows, D.W. (2001). Centre-edge differences in behaviour, territory size and fitness in clusters of territorial damselfish: Patterns, causes, and consequences.-Behaviour 138: 1085-1116.
44. Mundry, R. & Nunn, C.L. (2009). Stepwise model fitting and statistical inference: Turning noise into signal pollution.-Am. Nat. 173: 119-123.
45. Myers, J.P., Connors, P.G. & Pitelka, F.A. (1979). Territory size in wintering sanderlings-effects of prey abundance and intruder density.-Auk 96: 551-561.
46. Norman, M.D. & Jones, G.P. (1984). Determinants of territory size in the pomacentrid reef fish, Parma victoriae.-Oecologia 61: 60-69.
47. Norton, M.E., Arcese, P. & Ewald, P.W. (1982). Effect of intrusion pressure on territory size in black-chinned hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri).-Auk 99: 761-764.
48. Nowicki, S., Searcy,W.A., Krueger, T. & Hughes, M. (2002). Individual variation in response to simulated territorial challenge among territory-holding song sparrows.-J. Avian Biol. 33: 253-259.
49. Parker, G.A. (1974). Assessment strategy and evolution of fighting behavior.-J. Theor. Biol. 47: 223-243.
50. R Development Core Team (2009). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.-R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, available online at http://www.R-project.org
51. Randall, J.A. (1984). Territorial defense and advertisement by footdrumming in bannertail kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) at high and low population densities.-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 16: 11-20.
52. Réale, D., Dingemanse, N.J., Kazem, A.J.N.& Wright, J. (2010). Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the study of personality.-Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 365: 3937-3946.
53. Schradin, C. (2004). Territorial defense in a group-living solitary forager: Who, where, against whom?-Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 55: 439-446.
54. Shonfield, J. (2010). Territorial defence behaviour and a test of the mechanism of kin recognition in red squirrels.-MSc thesis, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
55. Smith, C.C. (1968). The adaptive nature of social organization in the genus of tree squirrels Tamiasciurus.-Ecol. Monogr. 38: 31-64.
56. Smith, C.C. (1978). Structure and function of vocalizations of tree squirrels (Tamiasciurus).-J. Mammal. 59: 793-808.
57. Smith, J.N.M. & Arcese, P. (1989). How fit are floaters? Consequences of alternative territorial behaviors in a nonmigratory sparrow.-Am. Nat. 133: 830-845.
58. Steele, M.A. (1998). Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.-Mamm. Species 586: 1-9.
59. Svendsen, G.E. & Armitage, K.B. (1973). Mirror-image stimulation applied to field behavioral studies.-Ecology 54: 623-627.
60. Taylor, R.W., Boon, A.K., Dantzer, B., Réale, D., Humphries, M.M., Boutin, S., Gorrell, J.C., Coltman, D.W., & McAdam, A.G. (2012). Low heritabilities, but genetic and maternal correlations between red squirrel behaviours.-J. Evol. Biol. 25: 614-624.
61. Trefry, S.A. & Hik, D.S. (2009). Eavesdropping on the neighbourhood: Collared pika (Ochotona collaris) responses to playback calls of conspecifics and heterospecifics.-Ethology 115: 928-938.
62. Tulley, J.J. & Huntingford, F.A. (1988). Additional information on the relationship between intraspecific aggression and anti-predator behavior in the three spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.-Ethology 78: 219-222.
63. Turpie, J.K. (1995). Non-breeding territoriality-causes and consequences of seasonal and individual variation in grey plover Pluvialis squatarola behavior.-J. Anim. Ecol. 64: 429-438.
64. Wolff, J.O. (1985). Maternal aggression as a deterrent to infanticide in Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus.-Anim. Behav. 33: 117-123.
65. Wolff, J.O. (1993). Why are female small mammals territorial?-Oikos 68: 364-370.
66. Wolff, J.O. & Peterson, J.A. (1998). An offspring-defense hypothesis for territoriality in female mammals.-Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 10: 227-239.
67. Wood, S.N. (2006). Generalized additive models: An introduction with R.-Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London.