Pharmacotherapy of aortic stenosis-success or failure?

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Volumn 13, Issue 13, 2012, Pages 2497-2502

  Dimitrow, Pawel Petkow ^a   Jawien, Marek ^b   Rajtar Salwa, Renata ^a  

^a JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Poland)

^b Outpatient Cardiologic Clinic   (Poland)

Author keywords

Aortic stenosis; Statins

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CD40 LIGAND; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; EZETIMIBE PLUS SIMVASTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INTERLEUKIN 6; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; ROSUVASTATIN; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

AORTA STENOSIS; ARTERY CALCIFICATION; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; OSTEOBLAST; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); T LYMPHOCYTE; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANIMALS; AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; LIPOPROTEINS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION;

EID: 84861653447     PISSN: 13892010     EISSN: 18734316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920112804583096     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Antonini-Canterin, F.; Hîru, M.; Popescu, B.A.; Leiballi, E.; Piazza, R.; Pavan, D.; Ginghin, C.; Nicolosi, G.L. Stage-related effect of statin treatment on the progression of aortic valve sclerosis and stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol., 2008, 102, 738-742.
2. Stewart, B.F.; Siscovick, D.; Lind B.K.; Gardin, J.M.; Gottdiener, J.S.; Smith, V.E.; Kitzman, D.W.; Otto, C.M. Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease: Cardiovascular Health Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1997, 29, 630-634.
3. Bonow, R.O.; Carabello, B.A.; Chatterjee, K.; de Leon, A.C. Jr; Faxon, D.P.; Freed, M.D.; Gaasch, W.H.; Lytle, B.W.; Nishimura, R.A.; O'Gara, P.T.; O'Rourke, R.A.; Otto, C.M.; Shah, P.M.; Shanewise, J.S.; Smith, S.C. Jr.; Jacobs, A.K.; Adams, C.D.; Anderson, J.L.; Antman, E.M.; Fuster, V.; Halperin, J.L.; Hiratzka, L.F.; Hunt, S.A.; Lytle, B.W.; Nishimura, R.; Page, R.L.; Riegel, B. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2006, 48, e1-148.
4. O'Brien, K.D.; Reichenbach, D.D.; Marcovina, S.M.; Kuusisto, J.; Alpers, C.E.; Otto, C.M. Apolipoproteins B, (a) and E accumulate in the morphologically early lesion of "degenerative" valvular aortic stenosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1996, 16, 523-532.
5. Otto, C.M.; Kuusisto, J.; Reichenbach, D.D.; Gown, A.M.; O'Brien, K.D. Characterization of the early lesion in "degenerative" valvular aortic stenosis: histological and immunohistochemical studies. Circulation, 1994, 90, 844-853.
6. Olsson, M.; Dalsgaard, C.J.; Haegerstrand, A.; Rosenqvist, M.; Ryden, L.; Nilsson, J. Accumulation of T lymphocytes and expression of interleukin-2 receptors in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1994, 23, 1162-1170.
7. Jian, B.; Jones, P.L.; Li, Q.; Mohler, E.R. 3rd Schoen, F.J.; Levy, R.J. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is associated with tenascin-C in calcific aortic stenosis. Am. J. Pathol., 2001, 159, 321-327.
8. Satta, J.; Melkko, J.; Pöllänen, R.; Tuukkanen, J.; Pääkkö, P.; Ohtonen, P.; Mennander, A.; Soini, Y. Progression of human aortic valve stenosis is associated with tenascin-C expression. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2002, 39, 96-101.
9. Anger, T.; Carson, W.; Weyand, M.; Daniel, W.G.; Hoeher, M.; Garlichs, C.D. Atherosclerotic inflammation triggers osteogenic bone transformation in calcified and stenotic human aortic valves: still a matter of debate. Exp. Mol. Pathol., 2009, 86, 10-17.
10. Jian, B.; Narula, N.; Li, Q.Y.; Mohler, E.R. III; Levy, R.J. Progression of aortic valve stenosis: TGF-beta1 is present in calcified aortic valve cusps and promotes aortic valve interstitial cell calcification via apoptosis. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2003, 75, 457-465.
11. Kaden, J.J.; Dempfle, C.E.; Grobholz, R.; Tran, H.T.; Kilic, R.; Sarikoc, A.; Brueckmann M.; Vahl, C.; Hagl, S.; Haase, K.K.; Borggrefe, M. Interleukin-1 beta promotes matrix metalloproteinase expression and cell proliferation in calcific aortic valve stenosis. Atherosclerosis, 2003, 170, 205-211.
12. Jian, B.; Jones, P.L.; Li, Q.; Mohler, E.R. III; Schoen, F.J.; Levy, R.J. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is associated with tenascin-C in calcific aortic stenosis. Am. J. Pathol., 2001, 159, 321-327.
13. Satta, J.; Melkko, J.; Pollanen, R.; Tuukkanen, J.; Paakko, P.; Ohtonen, P.; Mennander, A.; Soini, Y. Progression of human aortic valve stenosis is associated with tenascin-C expression. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2002, 39, 96-101.
14. O'Brien, K.D.; Shavelle, D.M.; Caulfield, M.T.; McDonald, T.O.; Olin-Lewis, K.; Otto C.M.; Probstfield, J.L. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme with low-density lipoprotein in aortic valvular lesions and in human plasma. Circulation, 2002, 106, 2224-2230.
15. Olsson, M.; Rosenqvist, M.; Nilsson, J. Expression of HLA-DR antigen and smooth muscle cell differentiation markers by valvular fibroblasts in degenerative aortic stenosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1994, 24, 1664-1671.
16. O'Brien, K.D.; Kuusisto, J.; Reichenbach, D.D.; Ferguson, M.; Giachelli, C.; Alpers, C.E.; Otto, C.M. Osteopontin is expressed in human aortic valvular lesions. Circulation, 1995, 92, 2163-2168.
17. Mohler, E.R.; Adam, L.P.; McClelland, P.; Graham, L.; Hathaway, D.R. Detection of osteopontin in calcified human aortic valves. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17, 547-552.
18. Mohler, E.R.; Chawla, M.K.; Chang, A.W.; Vyavahare, N.; Levy, R.J.; Graham, L.; Gannon, F.H. Identification and characterization of calcifying valve cells from human and canine aortic valves. J. Heart. Valve. Dis., 1999, 8, 254-260.
19. Rajamannan, N.M.; Subramaniam, M.; Rickard, D.; Stock, S.R.; Donovan, J.; Springett M.; Orszulak, T.; Fullerton, D.A.; Tajik, A.J.; Bonow, R.O.; Spelsberg, T. Human aortic valve calcification is associated with an osteoblast phenotype. Circulation, 2003, 107, 2181-2184.
20. Mohler, E.R.; Gannon, F.; Reynolds, C.; Zimmerman, R.; Keane, M.G.; Kaplan, F.S. Bone formation and inflammation in cardiac valves. Circulation, 2001, 103, 1522-1528.
21. Otto, C.M. Why is aortic sclerosis associated with adverse clinical outcomes? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2004, 43, 176-178.
22. Rosenhek R, Rader F, Loho N, Gabriel H, Heger M, Klaar U, Schemper M, Binder T, Maurer G, Baumgartner H. Statins but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay progression of aortic stenosis. Circulation. 2004, 110, 1291-1295.
23. Aronow, W.S.; Ahn, C.; Kronzon, I.; Goldman, M.E. Association of coronary risk factors and use of statins with progression of mild valvular aortic stenosis in older persons. Am. J. Cardiol., 2001, 88, 693-695.
24. Bellamy, M.F.; Pellikka, P.A.; Klarich, K.W.; Tajik, A.J.; Enriquez-Sarano, M. Association of cholesterol levels, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor treatment, and progression of aortic stenosis in the community. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2002, 40, 1723-1730.
25. Novaro, G.M.; Tiong, I.Y.; Pearce G.L.; Lauer M.S.; Sprecher, D.L.; Griffin, B.P. Effect of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors on the progression of calcific aortic stenosis. Circulation, 2001, 104, 2205-2209.
26. Rosenhek, R.; Rader, F.; Loho, N.; Gabriel, H.; Heger, M.; Klaar, U.; Schemper, M.; Binder T.; Maurer, G.; Baumgartner H. Statins but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay progression of aortic stenosis. Circulation, 2004, 110, 1291-1295.
27. Moura, L.M.; Ramos, S.F.; Zamorano, J.L.; Barros, I.M.; Azevedo, L.F.; Rocha-Goncalves, F.; Rajamannan, N.M. Rosuvastatin affecting aortic valve endothelium to slow the progression of aortic stenosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2007, 49, 554-561.
28. Cowell, S.J.; Newby, D.E.; Prescott, R.J.; Bloomfield, P.; Reid, J.; Northridge, D.B.; Boon, N.A. Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial, Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) Investigators. A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352, 2389-2397.
29. Rossebo AB, Pedersen TR, Allen C, Boman K, Chambers J, Egstrup K, Gerdts E, Gohlke-Barwolf C, Holme I, Kesaniemi VA, Malbecq W, Nienaber C, Ray S, Skjaerpe T, Wachtell K, Willenheimer R. Design and baseline characteristics of the simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis (SEAS) study. Am. J. Cardiol., 2007, 99, 970-973.
30. Rossebø, A.B.; Pedersen, T.R.; Boman, K.; Brudi, P.; Chambers, J.B.; Egstrup, K.; Gerdts, E.; Gohlke-Bärwolf, C.; Holme, I.; Kesäniemi, Y.A.; Malbecq, W.; Nienaber, C.A.; Ray, S.; Skjaerpe, T.; Wachtell, K.; Willenheimer, R. SEAS Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2008, 359, 1343-1356.
31. Chan, K.L.; Teo, K.; Tam, J.; Dumesnil, J.G. Astronomer investigators. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial to assess the effect of cholesterol lowering on the progression of aortic stenosis: the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial. Am. Heart. J., 2007, 153, 925-931.
32. Liebe, V.; Brueckmann, M.; Borggrefe, M.; Kaden, J.J. Statin therapy of calcific aortic stenosis: hype or hope? Eur. Heart. J., 2006, 27, 773-778.
33. Pohle, K.; Maffert, R.; Ropers, D.; Moshage, W.; Stilianakis, N.; Daniel, W.; Achenbach, S. Progression of aortic valve calcification. Association with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Circulation, 2001, 104, 1927-1932.
34. Szkodziski, J.; Romanowski, W.; Hudzik, B.; Kaszuba, A.; Nowakowska-Zajdel, E.; Szkilnik, R.; Pietrasiska, B.; Zubelewicz-Szkodziska, B. Effect of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitors on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in hypercholesterolemic patients. Pharmacol Rep., 2009, 61, 654-664.
35. Rajamannan, N.M.; Subramaniam, M.; Caira, F.; Stock, S.R.; Spelsberg, T.C. Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced calcification in the aortic valves via the Lrp5 receptor pathway. Circulation, 2005, 112, 1229-1234.
36. Antonini-Canterin, F.; Popescu, B.A.; Huang, G.; Korcova-Miertusova, R.; Rivaben, D.; Faggiano, P.; Pavan, D.; Piazza, R.; Bolis, A.; Ciavattone, A.; Ruggiero, A.; Nicolosi, G.L. Progression of aortic valve sclerosis and aortic valve stenosis: what is the role of statin treatment? Ital. Heart. J., 2005, 6, 119-124.
37. Tourmousoglou, C.E.; Lalos, S.; Psarros, T. Do statins slow the progression of aortic valve stenosis? Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg., 2008, 7, 684-689.
38. Rajamannan, N.; Subramaniam, M.; Stock, S; Stone, N.; Springett, M.; Ignatiev, K.; McConnell, J.; Singh, R.; Bonow, R.; Spelsberg, T. Atorvastatin inhibits calcification and enhances nitric oxide synthase production in the hypercholesterolaemic aortic valve. Heart., 2005, 91, 806-810.
39. Mohler, E.R. 3rd Wang, H.; Medenilla, E.; Scott, C. Effect of statin treatment on aortic valve and coronary artery calcification. J. Heart. Valve. Dis., 2007, 16, 378-386.
40. Jassal, D.S.; Bhagirath, K.M.; Tam, J.W.; Sochowski, R.A.; Dumesnil, J.G.; Giannoccaro P.J.; Jue, J.; Pandey, A.S.; Joyner, C.D.; Teo, K.K.; Chan, K.L. Association of Bicuspid aortic valve morphology and aortic root dimensions: a substudy of the aortic stenosis progression observation measuring effects of rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) study. Echocardiography, 2010, 27, 174-179.
41. Skolnick, A.H.; Osranek, M.; Formica, P.; Kronzon, I. Osteoporosis treatment and progression of aortic stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol., 2009, 104, 122-124.
42. Vincentelli, A.; Susen, S.; Le Tourneau, T.; Six, I.; Fabre, O.; Juthier, F.; Bauters, A.; Decoene, C.; Goudemand, J.; Prat, A.; Jude, B. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in aortic stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, 349, 343-349.
43. Dimitrow, P.P.; Undas, A. Coagulation abnormalities in valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosis-clinical implication. Kardiol Pol., 2008, 66, 569-573.
44. Stein, P.D.; Sabbah, H.N.; Pitha, J.V. Continuing disease process of calcific aortic stenosis. Role of microthrombi and turbulent flow. Am. J. Cardiol., 1977, 39, 159-163.
45. Thrall, G.; Lip, G.Y. Exercise and the prothrombotic state: a paradox of cardiovascular prevention or an enhanced prothrombotic state? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2005, 25, 265-267.
46. Lip, G.Y. Hypertension and the prothrombotic state. J. Hum. Hypertens., 2000, 14, 687-690.
47. Turitto, V.T.; Hall, C.L. Mechanical factors affecting hemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb. Res., 1998, 92(6 Suppl. 2), S25-31.
48. Dimitrow, P.P.; Undas, A.; Bober, M.; Tracz, W.; Dubiel, J.S. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with enhanced thrombin generation and platelet activation. Heart., 2008, 94, e21.
49. Dimitrow, P.P.; Hlawaty, M.; Undas, A.; Sniezek-Maciejewska, M.; Sobie, B.; Stepie, E.; Tracz, W. Effect of aortic valve stenosis on haemostasis is independent from vascular atherosclerotic burden. Atherosclerosis, 2009, 204, e103-108.
50. Dimitrow, P.P.; Jawie, M.; Gackowski, A. The influence of statins on levels of calcification biomarkers in patients with aortic sclerosis or mild aortic stenosis. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2011, 20, 18-22.
51. Dimitrow, P.P.; Jawie, M. Anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin in patients with aortic sclerosis or mild aortic stenosis independent of hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacol. Rep., 2010, 62, 1250-1254.