메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 219, Issue , 2012, Pages 61-74

Designing optimal universal pulses using second-order, large-scale, non-linear optimization

Author keywords

CPMG experiments; Nonlinear second order optimization; Optimal broadband universal rotation pulses; R2 estimation; RF inhomogeneity

Indexed keywords

BLOCH EQUATION; CALCULATION TIME; COMPUTATIONAL COSTS; DELAY TIME; DESIGN METHOD; FIRST DERIVATIVE; FIRST-ORDER; GENERIC OPTIMIZATION; INHOMOGENEITIES; NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION; PULSE SEQUENCE; QUASI-NEWTON; RF PULSE; RF-INHOMOGENEITY; SECOND DERIVATIVES; SECOND ORDERS; UNIVERSAL PULSE; UNIVERSAL ROTATIONS;

EID: 84861610553     PISSN: 10907807     EISSN: 10960856     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.04.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (78)
  • 5
    • 77952076356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of finite rectangular pulses in NMR: Phase and intensity distortions for a spin-1/2
    • R.M. Gregory, and A.D. Bain The effects of finite rectangular pulses in NMR: phase and intensity distortions for a spin-1/2 Concepts Magn. Reson., Part A 34A 2009 305 314
    • (2009) Concepts Magn. Reson., Part A , vol.34 A , pp. 305-314
    • Gregory, R.M.1    Bain, A.D.2
  • 7
    • 0003052693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaped radiofrequency pulses in high resolution NMR
    • PII S0079656597000241
    • R. Freeman Shaped radiofrequency pulses in high resolution NMR Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Sp. 32 1998 59 106 (Pubitemid 128405956)
    • (1998) Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-106
    • Freeman, R.1
  • 8
    • 44949280676 scopus 로고
    • Band-Selective radiofrequency pulses
    • H. Geen, and R. Freeman Band-Selective radiofrequency pulses J. Magn. Reson. 93 1991 93 141
    • (1991) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.93 , pp. 93-141
    • Geen, H.1    Freeman, R.2
  • 9
    • 0000435342 scopus 로고
    • Exact solutions for selective-excitation pulses
    • J.W. Carlson Exact solutions for selective-excitation pulses J. Magn. Reson. 94 1991 376 386
    • (1991) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.94 , pp. 376-386
    • Carlson, J.W.1
  • 10
    • 0009567668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of Selective Adiabatic Inversion Pulses Using the Adiabatic Condition
    • D. Rosenfeld, S.L. Panfil, and Y. Zur Design of selective adiabatic inversion pulses using the adiabatic condition J. Magn. Reson. 129 1997 115 124 (Pubitemid 127451423)
    • (1997) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.129 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-124
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Panfil, S.L.2    Zur, Y.3
  • 11
    • 49249151634 scopus 로고
    • NMR population inversion using a composite pulse
    • M.H. Levitt, and R. Freeman NMR population inversion using a composite pulse J. Magn. Reson. 33 1979 473 476
    • (1979) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.33 , pp. 473-476
    • Levitt, M.H.1    Freeman, R.2
  • 12
    • 0035742326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The return of the frequency sweep: Designing adiabatic pulses for contemporary NMR
    • M. Garwood, and L. DelaBarre The return of the frequency sweep: designing adiabatic pulses for contemporary NMR J. Magn. Reson. 153 2001 155 177
    • (2001) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.153 , pp. 155-177
    • Garwood, M.1    Delabarre, L.2
  • 13
    • 0003178190 scopus 로고
    • 180° Refocusing pulses which are insensitive to static and radiofrequency field inhomogeneity
    • C.S. Poon, and R.M. Henkelman 180°Refocusing pulses which are insensitive to static and radiofrequency field inhomogeneity J. Magn. Reson. 99 1992 45 55
    • (1992) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.99 , pp. 45-55
    • Poon, C.S.1    Henkelman, R.M.2
  • 14
    • 43949173317 scopus 로고
    • Application of optimal control theory in solid-state NMR: Time-suspension multiple-pulse sequences
    • J.H. Iwamiya, J. Callahan, S.W. Sinton, and G.P. Drobny Application of optimal control theory in solid-state NMR: time-suspension multiple-pulse sequences J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A 103 1993 313 322
    • (1993) J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A , vol.103 , pp. 313-322
    • Iwamiya, J.H.1    Callahan, J.2    Sinton, S.W.3    Drobny, G.P.4
  • 15
    • 0041492770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of optimal control theory to the design of broadband excitation pulses for high-resolution NMR
    • T. Skinner, T.O. Reiss, B. Luy, N. Khaneja, and S. Glaser Application of optimal control theory to the design of broadband excitation pulses for high-resolution NMR J. Magn. Reson. 163 2003 8 15
    • (2003) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.163 , pp. 8-15
    • Skinner, T.1    Reiss, T.O.2    Luy, B.3    Khaneja, N.4    Glaser, S.5
  • 16
    • 0029760517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of adiabatic selective pulses using optimal control theory
    • Y.Z.D. Rosenfeld Design of adiabatic selective pulses using optimal control theory Magn. Reson. Med. 36 1996 401 409
    • (1996) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.36 , pp. 401-409
    • Rosenfeld, Y.Z.D.1
  • 17
    • 33645877107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal control design of constant amplitude phase-modulated pulses: Application to calibration-free broadband excitation
    • T.E. Skinner, K. Kobzar, B. Luy, M.R. Bendall, W. Bermel, N. Khaneja, and S.J. Glaser Optimal control design of constant amplitude phase-modulated pulses: application to calibration-free broadband excitation J. Magn. Reson. 179 2006 241 249
    • (2006) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.179 , pp. 241-249
    • Skinner, T.E.1    Kobzar, K.2    Luy, B.3    Bendall, M.R.4    Bermel, W.5    Khaneja, N.6    Glaser, S.J.7
  • 18
    • 35248873488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal control design of excitation pulses that accommodate relaxation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.08.007, PII S1090780707002352
    • N.I. Gershenzon, K. Kobzar, B. Luy, S.J. Glaser, and T.E. Skinner Optimal control design of excitation pulses that accommodate relaxation J. Magn. Reson. 188 2007 330 336 (Pubitemid 47562811)
    • (2007) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.188 , Issue.2 , pp. 330-336
    • Gershenzon, N.I.1    Kobzar, K.2    Luy, B.3    Glaser, S.J.4    Skinner, T.E.5
  • 20
    • 11344283019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal control of coupled spin dynamics: Design of NMR pulse sequences by gradient ascent algorithms
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.11.004, PII S1090780704003696
    • N. Khaneja, T. Reiss, C. Kehlet, T. Schulte-Herbrüggen, and S.J. Glaser Optimal control of coupled spin dynamics: design of NMR pulse sequences by gradient ascent algorithms J. Magn. Reson. 172 2005 296 305 (Pubitemid 40072534)
    • (2005) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.172 , Issue.2 , pp. 296-305
    • Khaneja, N.1    Reiss, T.2    Kehlet, C.3    Schulte-Herbruggen, T.4    Glaser, S.J.5
  • 21
    • 0042494524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal control of spin dynamics in the presence of relaxation
    • N. Khaneja, T. Reiss, B. Luy, and S.J. Glaser Optimal control of spin dynamics in the presence of relaxation J. Magn. Reson. 162 2003 311 319
    • (2003) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.162 , pp. 311-319
    • Khaneja, N.1    Reiss, T.2    Luy, B.3    Glaser, S.J.4
  • 22
    • 1942443824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal control of coupled spins in the presence of longitudinal and transverse relaxation
    • D. Stefanatos, N. Khaneja, and S.J. Glaser Optimal control of coupled spins in the presence of longitudinal and transverse relaxation Phys. Rev. A 69 2004 022319
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. A , vol.69 , pp. 022319
    • Stefanatos, D.1    Khaneja, N.2    Glaser, S.J.3
  • 24
    • 1242332396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the duration of broadband excitation pulses using optimal control with limited RF amplitude
    • T.E. Skinner, T.O. Reiss, B. Luy, N. Khaneja, and S.J. Glaser Reducing the duration of broadband excitation pulses using optimal control with limited RF amplitude J. Magn. Reson. 167 2004 68 74
    • (2004) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.167 , pp. 68-74
    • Skinner, T.E.1    Reiss, T.O.2    Luy, B.3    Khaneja, N.4    Glaser, S.J.5
  • 25
    • 0041923327 scopus 로고
    • Selective inversion radiofrequency pulses by optimal control
    • J. Mao, T.H. Mareci, K.N. Scott, and E.R. Andrew Selective inversion radiofrequency pulses by optimal control J. Magn. Reson. 70 1986 310 318
    • (1986) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.70 , pp. 310-318
    • Mao, J.1    Mareci, T.H.2    Scott, K.N.3    Andrew, E.R.4
  • 26
    • 0025644718 scopus 로고
    • Slice profile improvement for a clinical mri system
    • J. Mao, H. Yan, and J.R. Fitzsimmons Slice profile improvement for a clinical mri system Magn. Reson. Imag. 8 1990 767 770
    • (1990) Magn. Reson. Imag. , vol.8 , pp. 767-770
    • Mao, J.1    Yan, H.2    Fitzsimmons, J.R.3
  • 27
    • 0036302563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-optimal coherence-order-selective transfer of in-phase coherence in heteronuclear is spin systems
    • T.O. Reiss, N. Khaneja, and S.J. Glaser Time-optimal coherence-order- selective transfer of in-phase coherence in heteronuclear is spin systems J. Magn. Reson. 154 2002 192 195
    • (2002) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.154 , pp. 192-195
    • Reiss, T.O.1    Khaneja, N.2    Glaser, S.J.3
  • 28
    • 55449132203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-frequency improved constant amplitude pulses for broadband inversion
    • D. Brown Multi-frequency improved constant amplitude pulses for broadband inversion Magn. Reson. Chem. 46 2008 1037 1044
    • (2008) Magn. Reson. Chem. , vol.46 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Brown, D.1
  • 29
    • 84155162667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant amplitude broadband refocusing pulses from numerical optimization
    • D. Brown Constant amplitude broadband refocusing pulses from numerical optimization Magn. Reson. Chem. 49 2011 705 709
    • (2011) Magn. Reson. Chem. , vol.49 , pp. 705-709
    • Brown, D.1
  • 30
    • 78649447519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of optimal control to CPMG refocusing pulse design
    • T.W. Borneman, M.D. Hürlimann, and D.G. Cory Application of optimal control to CPMG refocusing pulse design J. Magn. Reson. 220 2010 220 233
    • (2010) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.220 , pp. 220-233
    • Borneman, T.W.1    Hürlimann, M.D.2    Cory, D.G.3
  • 32
  • 35
    • 0001758491 scopus 로고
    • Robust refocusing pulses of limited power
    • C.S. Poon, and R.M. Henkelman Robust refocusing pulses of limited power J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A 116 1995 161 180
    • (1995) J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A , vol.116 , pp. 161-180
    • Poon, C.S.1    Henkelman, R.M.2
  • 36
    • 79953165442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exact solution to the Bloch equations and application to the Hahn Echo
    • A.D. Bain, C.K. Anand, and Z. Nie Exact solution to the Bloch equations and application to the Hahn Echo J. Magn. Reson. 206 2010 227 240
    • (2010) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.206 , pp. 227-240
    • Bain, A.D.1    Anand, C.K.2    Nie, Z.3
  • 38
    • 0032110618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Adiabatic Multiple Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence: Removal of Systematic Errors Due to Pulse Imperfections and Off-Resonance Effects
    • M. Zweckstetter, and T.A. Holak An adiabatic multiple spin-echo pulse sequence: removal of systematic errors due to pulse imperfections and off-resonance effects J. Magn. Reson. 133 1998 134 147 (Pubitemid 128450620)
    • (1998) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.133 , Issue.1 , pp. 134-147
    • Zweckstetter, M.1    Holak, T.A.2
  • 40
    • 80051506395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exact calculation of the response of a quadrupolar nucleus to radio frequency irradiation
    • T.L. Spencer, G.R. Goward, and A.D. Bain Exact calculation of the response of a quadrupolar nucleus to radio frequency irradiation Can. J. Chem. 89 2011 764 769
    • (2011) Can. J. Chem. , vol.89 , pp. 764-769
    • Spencer, T.L.1    Goward, G.R.2    Bain, A.D.3
  • 41
    • 73449139799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivatives of spin dynamics simulations
    • I. Kuprov, and C.T. Rodgers Derivatives of spin dynamics simulations J. Chem. Phys. 131 2009 234108
    • (2009) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.131 , pp. 234108
    • Kuprov, I.1    Rodgers, C.T.2
  • 43
    • 33749622370 scopus 로고
    • Spin echoes
    • E.L. Hahn Spin echoes Phys. Rev. 80 1950 580 594
    • (1950) Phys. Rev. , vol.80 , pp. 580-594
    • Hahn, E.L.1
  • 45
    • 80052835662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liouvillians in NMR: The direct method revisited
    • A.D. Bain, and B. Berno Liouvillians in NMR: the direct method revisited Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Sp. 59 2011 223 244
    • (2011) Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Sp. , vol.59 , pp. 223-244
    • Bain, A.D.1    Berno, B.2
  • 46
    • 0000921534 scopus 로고
    • General analytical solutions of the Bloch equations
    • G.A. Morris, and P.B. Chilvers General analytical solutions of the Bloch equations J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A 107 1994 236 238
    • (1994) J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A , vol.107 , pp. 236-238
    • Morris, G.A.1    Chilvers, P.B.2
  • 47
    • 29144523061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming
    • DOI 10.1007/s10107-004-0559-y
    • A. Wächter, and L.T. Biegler On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming Math. Prog., Ser. A 106 2006 25 57 (Pubitemid 41813168)
    • (2006) Mathematical Programming , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-57
    • Wachter, A.1    Biegler, L.T.2
  • 48
    • 36149027317 scopus 로고
    • Transient nutations in nuclear magnetic resonance
    • H.C. Torrey Transient nutations in nuclear magnetic resonance Phys. Rev. 76 1949 1059 1068
    • (1949) Phys. Rev. , vol.76 , pp. 1059-1068
    • Torrey, H.C.1
  • 49
    • 0031287981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloch equations revisited: New analytical solutions for the generalized Bloch equations
    • P.K. Madhu, and A. Kumar Bloch equations revisited: new analytical solutions for the generalized Bloch equations Concepts Magn. Reson. 9 1997 1 12
    • (1997) Concepts Magn. Reson. , vol.9 , pp. 1-12
    • Madhu, P.K.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 50
    • 0031416189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiabatic pulses
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199712)10:8<423::AID-NBM488>3.0.CO;2-X
    • A. Tanns, and M. Garwood Adiabatic pulses NMR Biomed. 10 1997 423 434 (Pubitemid 28110737)
    • (1997) NMR in Biomedicine , vol.10 , Issue.8 , pp. 423-434
    • Tannus, A.1    Garwood, M.2
  • 51
    • 0000183937 scopus 로고
    • Band-selective pulses designed to accommodate relaxation
    • J.M. Nuzillard, and R. Freeman Band-selective pulses designed to accommodate relaxation J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A 107 1994 113 118
    • (1994) J. Magn. Reson., Ser. A , vol.107 , pp. 113-118
    • Nuzillard, J.M.1    Freeman, R.2
  • 52
    • 57249085712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved broadband inversion performance for NMR in liquids
    • M.A. Smith, H. Hu, and A.J. Shaka Improved broadband inversion performance for NMR in liquids J. Magn. Reson. 151 2001 269 283
    • (2001) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.151 , pp. 269-283
    • Smith, M.A.1    Hu, H.2    Shaka, A.J.3
  • 54
    • 38149132364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of phase-modulated broadband refocusing pulses
    • R.F. Schulte, P.L. Roux, M.W. Vogel, and H. Koenig Design of phase-modulated broadband refocusing pulses J. Magn. Reson. 190 2008 271 279
    • (2008) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.190 , pp. 271-279
    • Schulte, R.F.1    Roux, P.L.2    Vogel, M.W.3    Koenig, H.4
  • 55
    • 0000494530 scopus 로고
    • Computer-optimized narrowband pulses for multislice imaging
    • J.B. Murdoch, A.H. Lent, and M.R. Kritzer Computer-optimized narrowband pulses for multislice imaging J. Magn. Reson. 74 1987 226 263
    • (1987) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.74 , pp. 226-263
    • Murdoch, J.B.1    Lent, A.H.2    Kritzer, M.R.3
  • 58
    • 79952528772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithm 909: Nomad: Nonlinear optimization with the mads algorithm
    • S.L. Digabel Algorithm 909: nomad: nonlinear optimization with the mads algorithm ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 37 2011 44:1 44:15
    • (2011) ACM Trans. Math. Softw. , vol.37 , pp. 441-4415
    • Digabel, S.L.1
  • 60
    • 0000195671 scopus 로고
    • Natural abundance Nitrogen-15 NMR by enhanced heteronuclear spectroscopy
    • G. Bodenhausen, and D.J. Ruben Natural abundance Nitrogen-15 NMR by enhanced heteronuclear spectroscopy Chem. Phys. Lett. 69 1980 185 189
    • (1980) Chem. Phys. Lett. , vol.69 , pp. 185-189
    • Bodenhausen, G.1    Ruben, D.J.2
  • 61
    • 39749145723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurately probing slow motions on millisecond timescales with a robust NMR relaxation experiment
    • DOI 10.1021/ja710477h
    • D. Long, M. Liu, and D. Yang Accurately probing slow motions on millisecond timescales with a robust NMR relaxation experiment J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 2432 2433 (Pubitemid 351304747)
    • (2008) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.130 , Issue.8 , pp. 2432-2433
    • Long, D.1    Liu, M.2    Yang, D.3
  • 62
    • 84948615230 scopus 로고
    • Superoperators in magnetic resonance
    • J. Jeener Superoperators in magnetic resonance Adv. Magn. Reson. 10 1982
    • (1982) Adv. Magn. Reson. , vol.10
    • Jeener, J.1
  • 63
    • 0001900963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Complete Homogeneous Master Equation for a Heteronuclear Two-Spin System in the Basis of Cartesian Product Operators
    • P. Allard, M. Helgstrand, and T. Härd The complete homogeneous master equation for a heteronuclear two-spin system in the basis of cartesian product operators J. Magn. Reson. 134 1998 7 16 (Pubitemid 128451251)
    • (1998) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-16
    • Allard, P.1    Helgstrand, M.2    Hard, T.3
  • 64
    • 84889396913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications and Examples for Organic Chemistry and Structural Biology Willay-Interscience Hoboken, N.J.
    • N.E. Jacobsen NMR Spectroscopy Explained: Simplified Theory Applications and Examples for Organic Chemistry and Structural Biology 2007 Willay-Interscience Hoboken, N.J.
    • (2007) NMR Spectroscopy Explained: Simplified Theory
    • Jacobsen, N.E.1
  • 65
    • 0033090222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 Field Distribution with Nonideal Gradients in a High-Resolution NMR Spectrometer
    • 1 field distribution with nonideal gradients in a high-resolution NMR spectrometer J. Magn. Reson. 137 1999 108 115 (Pubitemid 129608231)
    • (1999) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-115
    • Jerschow, A.1    Bodenhausen, G.2
  • 66
    • 0007015438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 90°Pulse width calibrations: How to read a pulse width array
    • P.A. Keifer 90°Pulse width calibrations: how to read a pulse width array Concepts Magn. Reson. 11 1999 165 180
    • (1999) Concepts Magn. Reson. , vol.11 , pp. 165-180
    • Keifer, P.A.1
  • 67
    • 10444220857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tailoring the optimal control cost function to a desired output: Application to minimizing phase errors in short broadband excitation pulses
    • T.E. Skinner, T.O. Reiss, B. Luy, N. Khaneja, and S.J. Glaser Tailoring the optimal control cost function to a desired output: application to minimizing phase errors in short broadband excitation pulses J. Magn. Reson. 172 2005 17 23
    • (2005) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.172 , pp. 17-23
    • Skinner, T.E.1    Reiss, T.O.2    Luy, B.3    Khaneja, N.4    Glaser, S.J.5
  • 68
    • 84872751462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of Advanced Optimization Lab, McMaster University AdvOL2007/12
    • C. Anand, A.T. Curtis, Energy-Constrained Pulse Design for MRI and NMR, Report of Advanced Optimization Lab, McMaster University AdvOL2007/12, http://optlab.mcmaster.ca/component/option,com-docman/task,doc-details/gid,120/ Itemid,51/.
    • Energy-Constrained Pulse Design for MRI and NMR
    • Anand, C.1    Curtis, A.T.2
  • 69
    • 35748944848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of steady-state NMR of coupled systems using Liouville space and computer algebra methods
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.09.012, PII S1090780707002807
    • C.K. Anand, A.D. Bain, and Z. Nie Simulation of steady-state NMR of coupled systems using Liouville space and computer algebra methods J. Magn. Reson. 189 2007 200 208 (Pubitemid 350051991)
    • (2007) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.189 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-208
    • Anand, C.K.1    Bain, A.D.2    Nie, Z.3
  • 70
    • 33845560617 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals by polarization transfer
    • G.A. Morris, and R. Freeman Enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals by polarization transfer J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101 1979 760 762
    • (1979) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 760-762
    • Morris, G.A.1    Freeman, R.2
  • 71
    • 34447579218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensated adiabatic inversion pulses: Broadband INEPT and HSQC
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.05.009, PII S109078070700153X
    • E. Kupče, and R. Freeman Compensated adiabatic inversion pulses: broadband INEPT and HSQC J. Magn. Reson. 187 2007 258 265 (Pubitemid 47069017)
    • (2007) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.187 , Issue.2 , pp. 258-265
    • Kupce, E.1    Freeman, R.2
  • 72
    • 49149138125 scopus 로고
    • Compensation for pulse imperfections in NMR spin-echo experiments
    • M.H. Levitt, and R. Freeman Compensation for pulse imperfections in NMR spin-echo experiments J. Magn. Reson. 43 1981 65 80
    • (1981) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.43 , pp. 65-80
    • Levitt, M.H.1    Freeman, R.2
  • 75
    • 0009600513 scopus 로고
    • Numerical design of composite radiofrequency pulses
    • D.J. Lurie Numerical design of composite radiofrequency pulses J. Magn. Reson. 70 1986 11 20
    • (1986) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.70 , pp. 11-20
    • Lurie, D.J.1
  • 76
    • 25144441354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of universal rotations from point-to-point transformations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.06.002, PII S1090780705001928
    • B. Luy, K. Kobzar, T.E. Skinner, N. Khaneja, and S.J. Glaser Construction of universal rotations from point-to-point transformations J. Magn. Reson. 176 2005 179 186 (Pubitemid 41336685)
    • (2005) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.176 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-186
    • Luy, B.1    Kobzar, K.2    Skinner, T.E.3    Khaneja, N.4    Glaser, S.J.5
  • 77
    • 38149054846 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for the construction of 180°refocusing RF pulses for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
    • T.P.L. Roberts, T.A. Carpenter, and L.D. Hall A simple method for the construction of 180°refocusing RF pulses for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging J. Magn. Reson., Ser. B 101 1993 78 82
    • (1993) J. Magn. Reson., Ser. B , vol.101 , pp. 78-82
    • Roberts, T.P.L.1    Carpenter, T.A.2    Hall, L.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.