Globalizing Ideal Beauty: How Female Copywriters of the J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency Redefined Beauty for the Twentieth Century

Globalizing Ideal Beauty: How Female Copywriters of the J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency Redefined Beauty for the Twentieth Century

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-210

  Sutton, Denise H ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861603218     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230100435     Document Type: Book

References (193)

1. Abelson, Elaine. When Ladies Go A-Thieving. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
2. Adams, James Truslow. The Tempo of Modern Life. Freeport, NY: Books for Library Press, 1970.
3. Althusser, Louis. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatus." In Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, 85-126. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.
4. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1995.
5. Banner, Lois. American Beauty: A Social History ... Through Two Centuries of the American Idea, Ideal, and Image of the Beautiful Woman. Los Angeles: Figueroa, 2005.
6. Banta, Martha. Imaging AmericanWomen: Idea and Ideals in Cultural History. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
7. Bartel, Diane. Putting on Appearances: Gender and Advertising. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.
8. Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. 1964. Reprint, New York: Noonday, 1990.
9. Barthes, Roland. The Pleasure of the Text. Translated by Richard Miller. London: Jonathan Cape, 1976.
10. Barthes, Roland. "The Rhetoric of the Image." In Image, Music, Text, 32-51. New York: Hill & Wang, 1964.
11. Baudrillard, Jean. Towards a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign. St. Louis, MO: Telos, 1981.
12. Bell, Daniel. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York: Basic Books, 1976.
13. Benjamin, Walter. "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction." In Illuminations, edited by Hannah Arendt, 217-52. New York: Schocken, 1969.
14. Benson, Susan Porter. Counter Cultures: Saleswomen, Managers and Customers in American Department Stores, 1890-1940. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.
15. Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. New York: Penguin, 1972.
16. Berry, Sarah. Screen Style: Fashion and Femininity in 1930s Hollywood. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000.
17. Boorstin, Daniel. Americans: The Democratic Experience. New York: Random House, 1973.
18. Bourdieu, Pierre. "The Aesthetic Sense as the Sense of Distinction." In The Consumer Society Reader, edited by Juliet Schor and Douglas Holt, 205-11. New York: The New York Press, 2000.
19. Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987.
20. Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. 2nd ed. Translated by Richard Nice. London, 1997.
21. Bowby, Rachel. Shopping With Freud. London: Routledge, 1993.
22. Brewer, John, and Roy Porter, eds. Consumption and theWorld of Goods. New York: Routledge, 1993.
23. Bronner, Simon J. "Reading Consumer Culture." In Consuming Visions: Accumulation and Display of Goods in America, 1880-1920, edited by Simon J. Bronner, 13-53. New York: Norton, 1989.
24. Brown, Kathleen. GoodWives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
25. Burke, Timothy. Lifebuoy Men, Lux Women: Commodification, Consumption, and Cleanliness in Modern Zimbabwe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996.
26. Chandler, Alfred, Jr. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.
27. Clark, Christopher. The Roots of Rural Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.
28. Clarke, Edward Hammond. Sex in Education; or, a Fair Chance for the Girls. New York: Ayer, 1972.
29. Con Davis, Robert, and Ronald Schleifer. Contemporary Literary Criticism: Literary and Cultural Studies. 2nd ed. New York: Longman, 1989.
30. Cook, Blance Wiesen. "Female Support Networks and Political Activism: Lillian Wald, Crystal Eastman, Emma Goldman." Chrysalis 3 (1977): 43-61.
31. Cott, Nancy. The Grounding of Modern Feminism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
32. Cronin, Anne. Advertising and Consumer Citizenship: Gender, Images and Rights. London: Routledge, 2000.
33. Damon-Moore, Helen. Magazines for the Millions: Gender and Commerce in the "Ladies' Home Journal" and the "Saturday Evening Post," 1880-1910. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
34. Daunton, M. J. House and Home in the Victorian City. London: E. Arnold, 1983.
35. Davis, Simone Weil. Living Up to the Ads: Gender Fictions of the 1920s. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000.
36. De Grazia, Victoria, and Ellen Furlough, eds. The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
37. De Lauretis, Teresa. Alice Doesn't: Feminism, Semiotics, and Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
38. De Lauretis, Teresa. Technologies of Gender: Essays on Theory, Film, and Fiction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
39. Derrida, Jacques. Writing and Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
40. Deutsch, Sarah. "Reconceiving the City: Women, Space and Power in Boston, 1870-1910." Gender & History 6, no. 2 (1998): 202-23.
41. Dill, Bonnie Thorton. "The Dialectics of Black Womanhood." In Feminism & History, edited by Joan Scott, 34-47. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
42. Domosh, Mona. American Commodities in an Age of Empire. New York: Routledge, 2006.
43. Domosh, Mona. "Pickles and Purity: Discourses of Food, Empire, and Work in Turn-ofthe-Century United States." Social and Cultural Geography 4, no. 1 (2002): 7-26.
44. Douglas, Ann. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Knopf, 1977.
45. Douglas, Ann. Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s. New York: Pan Macmillan, 1996.
46. Douglas, Susan. Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Times Books, 1994.
47. Eckert, Charles. "The Carole Lombard in Macy's Window." Quarterly Review of Film Studies 3, no. 1 (1978): 1-21.
48. Eco, Umberto, ed. History of Beauty. New York: Rizzoli, 2004.
49. Englis, Basil, ed. Global and Multinational Advertising. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994.
50. Enloe, Cynthia. Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
51. Ewen, Stuart. All Consuming Images: The Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
52. Ewen, Stuart. Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
53. Ewen, Stuart, and Elizabeth Ewen. Channels of Desire: Mass Images and the Shaping of American Consciousness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.
54. Faderman, Lillian. Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America. New York: Penguin, 1991.
55. Finnegan, Margaret. Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture and Votes for Women. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
56. Fiske, John. Introduction to Communication Studies. New York: Routledge, 1990.
57. Forgacs, David. The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings, 1916-1935. New York: New York University Press, 2000.
58. Fox, Richard Wrightman, and T. J. Jackson Lears, eds. The Culture of Consumption. New York: Pantheon, 1983.
59. Fox, Stephen. Mirror Makers: A History of American Advertising and Its Creators. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
60. Frisby, C. "Does Race Matter?: Effects of Idealized Images on African American Women." Journal of Black Studies 34 (2004): 324-47.
61. Fuss, Diana. Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature and Difference. New York: Routledge, 1989.
62. Gamman, Lorraine, and Margaret Marshment, eds. The Female Gaze: Women as Viewers of Popular Culture. Seattle: Real Comet Press, 1989.
63. Garvey, Ellen Gruber. The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering of Consumer Culture, 1880s-1910s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
64. Geraghty, Christine. "Feminism and Media Consumption." In Cultural Studies and Communications, edited by James Curran, David Morley, and Valerie Walkerdine, 306-22. London: Arnold, 1996.
65. Goffman, Erving. Gender Advertisements. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976.
66. Goldman, Robert. Reading Ads Socially. New York: Routledge, 1992.
67. Goldstein, Judith. "The Female Aesthetic Community." In The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology, edited by George Marcus and Fred Myers, 310-29. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
68. Goodrum, Charles, and Helen Dalrymple. Advertising in America: The First 200 Years. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1990.
69. Gordon, Lynn D. "The Gibson Girl Goes to College: Popular Culture and Women's Higher Education in the Progressive Era, 1890-1920." American Quarterly 39, no. 2 (Summer 1987): 211-30.
70. Hahn, Steve, and Jonathan Prude, eds. The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
71. Hale, Grace Elizabeth. Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890-1940. New York: Pantheon, 1998.
72. Hall, Stuart. "Encoding/Decoding." In Culture, Media, and Language, edited by Stuart Hall, 128-38. London: Hutchinson, 1980.
73. Haltunnen, Karen. Confidence Men and Painted Women: A Study of Middle-class Culture in America, 1830-1870. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.
74. Hamburger, Estelle. It's a Woman's Business. New York: Vanguard, 1939.
75. Haskill, Thomas, and Richard Teichgraeber. The Culture of the Market. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
76. Hawkins, Margaret A., and Thomas K. Nakayama. "Discourse on Women's Bodies: Advertising in the 1920s." In Constructing and Reconstructing Gender: The Links among Communication, Language, and Gender, edited by Linda A. M. Perry, Lynn H. Turner, and Helen M. Sterk, 61-71. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.
77. Hoganson, Kristin. Consumers' Imperium: The Global Production of American Domesticity, 1865-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
78. Ikuta, Yasutoshi. American Romance: The World of Advertising Art. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1988.
79. "The Inside of the Testimonial Racket." Advertising & Selling, January 7, 1931.
80. Isherwood, Baron, and Mary Douglas. The World of Goods: Towards an Anthropology of Consumption. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978.
81. "J. Walter Thompson Company." Fortune, November 1947, 94-202, 205-6, 210, 212, 214, 218, 220, 226, 228, 230, 233.
82. Jewell, Karen Sue. From Mammy to Miss America and Beyond: Cultural Images and the Shaping of U.S. Social Policy. New York: Routledge, 1993.
83. Johnson, Fern L. Imaging in Advertising: Verbal and Visual Codes of Commerce. New York: Routledge, 2008.
84. Jones, Geoffrey. Renewing Unilever: Transformation and Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
85. Kang, Myung Koo. "Postmodern Consumer Culture Without Postmodernity: Copying the Crisis of Signification." Cultural Studies 13, no. 1 (1999): 18-33.
86. Keding, Ann Maxwell. "Helen Lansdowne Resor." In The Ad Men and Women-A Biographical Dictionary of Advertising, edited by John Applegate et al., 268-70. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
87. Kerber, Linda. "Separate Spheres: Female Worlds, Woman's Place: The Rhetoric of Women's History." Journal of American History 75, no.1 (June 1988): 9-39.
88. Kessler-Harris, Alice. Out toWork: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
89. Kilbourne, Jean. Can't Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999.
90. Kilbourne, Jean. Killing Us Softly 3, DVD. Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation, 2000.
91. Kimmel, Michael. Manhood in America: A Cultural History. New York: Free Press, 1996.
92. Kitch, Carolyn. The Girl on the Magazine Cover: The Origins of Visual Stereotypes in American Mass Media. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
93. Kolodny, Annette. The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975.
94. Kreshel, Peggy J. 1990. "The 'Culture' of J. Walter Thompson, 1915-1925." Public Relations Review 16, no. 8 (Fall 1990): 80-93.
95. Larson, Magali Sargatti. The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
96. Lasch-Quinn, Elisabeth. Black Neighbors: Race and the Limits of Reform in the American Settlement House Movement, 1890-1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
97. Leach, William. Land of Desire: Merchants, Power and the Rise of a New America. New York: Pantheon, 1993.
98. Leach, William. "Transformations in a Culture of Consumption: Women and Department Stores, 1890-1925." Journal of American History 71 (1984): 317-42.
99. Lears, T. J. Jackson. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York: Basic Books, 1994.
100. Lears, T. J. Jackson. "From Salvation to Self-Realization: Advertising and the Therapeutic Roots of Consumer Culture, 1880-1930." In The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880-1980, edited by Richard Wrightman Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears, 1-38. New York: Pantheon, 1983.
101. Lewis, Edith. Willa Cather Living: A Personal Record. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
102. Lowe, Margaret. Looking Good: College Women and Body Image, 1875-1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
103. Lunardini, Christine. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Women's Party, 1910-1928. New York: New York University Press, 1986.
104. Lynd, Robert, and Helen Lynd. Middletown. New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1929.
105. Manring, M. M. Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998.
106. Marchand, Roland. Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920-1940. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
107. Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. The German Ideology. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1970.
108. Mattlelart, Armand. Advertising International: The Privatisation of Public Space. London: Routledge, 1991.
109. Mattlelart, Michele, and Keith Reader. "Women and the Cultural Industries." In Media, Culture and Society 4 (1982): 133-51.
110. Maule, Frances. She Strives to Conquer: Business Behavior, Opportunities, and Job Requirements for Women. New York: Funk and Wagnall's, 1934.
111. Mays, Lary. Screening Out the Past: The Birth of Mass Culture and the Motion Picture Industry. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.
112. McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York: Routledge, 1995.
113. McClintock, Anne. "Soft-Soaping Empire: Commodity Racism and Imperial Advertising." In The Gender and Consumer Culture Reader, edited by Jennifer Scanlon. New York: New York University Press, 2000.
114. McCracken, Ellen. Decoding Women's Magazines: From "Mademoiselle" to "Ms." New York: St. Martin's, 1993.
115. McCracken, Grant. Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.
116. McKendrick, Neil, John Brewer, and J. H. Plumb. The Birth of Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England. Bloomingdale: Indiana University Press, 1985.
117. McRobbie, Angela. Feminism and Youth Culture. London: Macmillan, 1991.
118. Meyers, Marian, ed. MediatedWomen: Representations in Popular Culture. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton, 1999.
119. Miller, Daniel. Material Culture andMass Consumption. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1987.
120. Miller, Michael Barry. The Bon Marche: Bourgeois Culture and the Department Store, 1869-1920. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.
121. Miller, Zane. The Urbanization of Modern America: A Brief History. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1973.
122. Mitchell, W. J. T. Iconology: Images, Text, Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
123. Moeran, Brian. A Japanese Advertising Agency: An Anthropology of Media and Markets. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.
124. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses." In Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, edited by Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres, 51-80. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1991.
125. Moi, Toril. Sexual Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory. London: Routledge, 1991.
126. Moog, Carol. "Are They Selling Her Lips?": Advertising and Identity. New York: Morrow, 1990.
127. Morgan, Richard. J. Walter Takeover: From Divine Right to Common Stock. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 1991.
128. Mukerji, Chandra. From Graven Images: Patterns of Modern Materialism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
129. Mulvey, Laura. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Screen 16, no. 3 (Autumn 1975): 6-18.
130. Muncy, Robin. Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
131. Nava, Mica, Andrew Blake, Iain MacRury, and Barry Richards. Buy This Book: Studies in Advertising and Consumption. London: Routledge, 1997.
132. Norris, James. Advertising and the Transformation of American Society, 1865-1920. New York: Greenwood, 1990.
133. O'Barr, William. Culture and the Ad: Exploring Otherness in the World of Advertising. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.
134. Ohmann, Richard. Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the Century. London: Verso, 1996.
135. Pease, Donald, and Amy Kaplan, eds. Cultures of United States Imperialism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993.
136. Pease, Otis. The Responsibilities of American Advertising. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1958.
137. Peirce, C. S. Collected Papers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1931-1958.
138. Pierce, Russell. Gringo-Gaucho: An Advertising Odyssey. Ashland, OR: Southern Cross, 1991.
139. Peiss, Kathy. Hope in a Jar: The Making of America's Beauty Culture. New York: Henry Holt, 1998.
140. Perkins, Teresa E. "Rethinking Stereotypes." In Ideology and Cultural Production, edited by Michele Barrett, Philip Corrigan, Annette Kuhn, and Janet Wolff, 135-59. New York: St. Martin's, 1979.
141. Pieterse, Jan P. Nederveen. White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
142. Pope, Daniel. The Making of Modern Advertising. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
143. Potter, Daniel. People of Plenty: Economic Abundance and the American Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954.
144. Presby, Frank. History and Development of Advertising. New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1929.
145. Radway, Janice. Reading the Romance. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.
146. Rapp, Rayna, and Ellen Ross. "The Twenties' Backlash: Compulsory Heterosexuality, the Consumer Family, and the Waning of Feminism." In Class, Race, and Sex: The Dynamics of Control, edited by Amy Swerdlow and Hanna Lessinger, 93-107. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1983.
147. Roediger, David. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. London: Verso, 1991.
148. Rooks, Noliwe. Ladies' Pages: African American Women's Magazines and the Culture that Made Them. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004.
149. Rosen, Marjorie. Popcorn Venus: Women, Movies and the American Dream. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1973.
150. Rosenberg, Emily. Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945. New York: Hill & Wang, 1982.
151. Rosenberg, Rosalind. Beyond Separate Spheres: The Intellectual Roots of Modern Feminism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.
152. Roy, Abhik. "Images of Domesticity and Motherhood in Indian Television Commercials: A Critical Study." Journal of Popular Culture 32, no. 1 (Winter 1998): 117-34.
153. Ryan, Mary P. "The Projection of a New Womanhood: The Movie Moderns in the 1920s." 2nd ed. In Our American Sisters: Women in American Life and Thought, edited by Jean E. Friedman and William G. Shade, 366-85. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1976.
154. Ryan, Mary P. Womanhood in America: From Colonial Times to the Present. New York: New Viewpoints, 1975.
155. Saussure, Ferdinand. Course in General Linguistics. Translated by Roy Harris. London: G. Duckworth, 1983.
156. Scanlon, Jennifer. Inarticulate Longings: The "Ladies' Home Journal," Gender and the Promise of Consumer Culture. New York: Routledge, 1995.
157. Schudson, Michael. Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion: Its Dubious Impact on American Society. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
158. Schwartz, Judith, Kathy Peiss, and Christina Simmons. "We Were a Little Band of Willful Women: The Heterodoxy Club of Greenwich Village." In Passion and Power: Sexuality in History, edited by Kathy Peiss and Christina Simmons, 118-37. Philadelphia, Temple University, 1989.
159. Scott, Joan Wallach, ed. Feminism & History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
160. Schor, Juliet B., and Douglas B. Holt, eds. The Consumer Society Reader. New York: The New Press, 2000.
161. Shammus, Carole. The Pre-Industrial Consumer in England and America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
162. Sivulka, Juliann. AdWomen: How They Impact What We Need, Want, and Buy. New York: Prometheus Books, 2008.
163. Sivulka, Juliann. Soap, Sex, and Cigarettes: A Cultural History of American Advertising. New York: Wadsworth, 1998.
164. Sivulka, Juliann. Stronger Than Dirt: A Cultural History of Advertising Personal Hygiene in America, 1875-1940. New York: Humanity Books, 2001.
165. Smith-Rosenberg, Carrol. Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
166. Smith-Rosenberg, Carrol. "The Female World of Love and Ritual: Relations Between Women in Nineteenth-Century America." In Feminism & History, edited by Joan Scott, 366-97. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
167. Spigel, Lynn, and Denise Mann, eds. Private Screenings: Television and the Female Consumer. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.
168. Stage, Sarah. Female Complaints: Lydia Pinkham and the Business of Women's Medicine. New York: W. W. Norton, 1979.
169. Strasser, Susan. Satisfaction Guaranteed: The Making of the American Mass Market. New York: Pantheon, 1989.
170. Sussman, Warren I. Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century. New York: Pantheon, 1984.
171. Sutton, Denise Hardesty. "Globalizing Modern Beauty: The Women's Editorial Department at the J. Walter Thompson Advertising Company, 1910-1945." PhD diss., Clark University, 2004.
172. Thomas, Richard. The Commodity Culture of Victorian England. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
173. Tickner, Lisa. The Spectacle of Women: Imagery of the Suffrage Campaign, 1907-1914. London: Chatto and Windus, 1987.
174. Tobin, Joseph, ed. Re-Made in Japan: Everyday Life and Consumer Taste in a Changing Society. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
175. Tomes, Nancy. The Gospel of Germs: Men, Women, and the Microbe in American Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.
176. Trolander, Judith Ann. Professional and Social Change: From the Settlement House Movement to Neighborhood Centers, 1886 to the present. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
177. Tuchman, Gayle, Arlene Kaplan Daniels, and James Benet, eds. Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
178. Twitchell, James. Adcult USA: The Triumph of Advertising in American Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
179. Waller, May Ellen. "Popular Women's Magazines, 1890-1917." PhD diss., Columbia University, 1987.
180. Ward, Douglas B. "Tracking the Culture of Consumption: Curtis Publishing Company, Charles Coolidge Parlin, and the Origins of Market Research, 1911-1930." PhD diss., University of Maryland, 1996.
181. Ware, Carolina. Greenwich Village, 1920-1940, A Comment on American Civilization in the Post-War Years. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
182. Weinbaum, Alys Eve, Lynn M. Thomas, Priti Ramamurthy, Uta G. Poiger, Madeleine Yue Dong, and Tani E. Barlow, eds. TheModern Girl Around theWorld: Consumption, Modernity, and Globalization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
183. Wexler, Laura. Tender Violence: Domestic Visions in an Age of U. S. Imperialism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
184. Wicke, Jennifer. Advertising Fictions: Literature, Advertisement and Social Reading. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.
185. Wilkinson, Endymion. Japan Versus the West: Image and Reality. London: Penguin, 1990.
186. Williams, Raymond. "Advertising: The Magic System." In Problems in Materialism and Culture, 170-95. London: Verso, 1980.
187. Williams, Rosalind. Dream Worlds: Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
188. Williamson, Judith. Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Marian Boyers, 1979.
189. Willis, Susan. "I Shop Therefore I Am: Is There a Place for Afro-American Culture in Commodity Culture?" In Changing Our OwnWords: Essays on Criticism, Theory and Writing by Black Women, edited by Cheryl Wall, 173-95. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1990.
190. Wilson, E. The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, the Control of Disorder, and Women. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
191. Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: Morrow, 1991.
192. Young, Iris Marion. "The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference." In Feminism/Postmodernism, edited by Linda J. Nicholson. New York: Routledge, 1990, 300-23.
193. Zuckerman, Mary Ellen. A History of Women's Popular Magazines in the United States, 1792-1995. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1979.