Difference in formation of carbon cluster cations by laser ablation of graphene and graphene oxide

Journal of Mass Spectrometry

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 523-528

  Kong, Xianglei ^a   Huang, Yi ^a   Chen, Yongsheng ^a  

^a NANKAI UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

CAD; Carbon cluster cation; Graphene; Graphene oxide; Laser ablation

Indexed keywords

ABLATION; CARBON CLUSTERS; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; DISSOCIATION; FULLERENES; GRAPHENE; GRAPHENE OXIDE; LASER ABLATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NANODIAMONDS; POSITIVE IONS;

CARBON CLUSTER CATIONS; CLUSTER IONS; COLLISION-ACTIVATED DISSOCIATIONS; DIFFERENT MECHANISMS; EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS; LARGE-SIZED; NARROW DISTRIBUTION; THRESHOLD OF LASER ENERGIES;

LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING;

CARBON; FULLERENE; GRAPHENE; GRAPHENE OXIDE; NANODIAMOND;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COLLISIONALLY ACTIVATED DISSOCIATION; ENERGY; FRAGMENTATION REACTION; LASER; MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 84861554540     PISSN: 10765174     EISSN: 10969888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jms.2985     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O'Brien, R. F. Curl, R. E. Smalley. C60: buckminsterfullerene. Nature 1985, 318, 162.
2. E. E. B. Campbell, G. Ulmer, B. Hasselberger, H. G. Busmann, I. V. Hertel. An intense, simple carbon cluster source. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 93, 6900.
3. P. F. Greenwood, M. G. Strachen, H. J. EI-Nakat, G. D. Willett, M. A. Wilson, M. I. Attalla. Laser ablation Fourier transform mass spectrometric investigation of coals and model materials. Fuel 1990, 69, 257.
4. R. E. Smalley. Self-assembly of the fullerenes. Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 98.
5. S. W. McElvany, M. M. Ross. Mass spectrometry and fullerenes. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 3, 268.
6. K. Shibagaki, N. Takada, K. Sasaki, K. Kadota. Synthetic characteristics of large carbon cluster ions by laser ablation of polymers in vacuum. J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 655.
7. O. Sedo, M. Alberti, J. Janca, J. Havel. Laser desorption-ionization time of flight spectrometry of various carbon materials. Carbon 2006, 44, 840.
8. J. Houska, N. R. Panyala, E. M. Pena-Mendez, J. Havel. Mass spectrometry of nanodiamonds. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 23, 1125.
9. Y. K. Choi, H. S. Im, K. Jung. Laser ablation of graphite at 355 nm: cluster formation and plume propagation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 189, 115.
10. Y. M. Koo, Y. K. Choi, K. H. Lee, K. Jung. Mass spectrometric study of carbon cluster formation in laser ablation of graphite at 355 nm. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2002, 23, 309.
11. S. Yang, Z. Gao, Q. Zhu, F. Kong. The growth mechanism of carbon clusters in the gas phase. Carbon 1997, 35, 767.
12. C. R. Wang, R. B. Huang, Z. Y. Liu, L. S. Zheng. Statistical size distribution and structural studies of laser generated carbon clusters. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 227, 109.
13. J. M. Hunter, J. F. Fye, E. J. Roskamp, M. F. Jarrold. Annealing carbon cluster ions-a mechanism for fullerene synthesis. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 98, 1810.
14. S. Irle, G. Zheng, Z. Wang, K. Morokuma. The C60 formation puzzle 'solved': QM/MD simulations reveal the shrinking hot giant road of the dynamic fullerene self-assembly mechanism. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 14531.
15. 60 and large carbon clusters. J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88, 1588.
16. K. Kaizu, M. Kohno, S. Suzuki, H. Shiromaru, T. Moriwaki, Y. Achiba. Neutral carbon cluster distribution upon laser vaporization. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 106, 9954.
17. T. Moriwaki, K. Kobayashi, M. Osaka, M. Ohara, H. Shiromaru, Y. Achiba. Dual pathway of carbon cluster formation in the laser vaporization. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 107, 8927.
18. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, A. A. Firsov. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 2004, 306, 666.
19. A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov. The rise of graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183.
20. Y. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Song, X. Zhang, Y. Ma, J. Liang, Y. Chen. Roomtemperature ferromagnetism of graphene. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 220.
21. A. Chuvilin, U. Kaiser, E. Bichoutskaia, N. A. Besley, A. N. Khlobystov. Direct transformation of grapheme to fullerene. Nature Chem. 2010, 2, 450.
22. X. Kong, S. Li, S. Zhang, Y. Huang, Y. Cheng. Large carbon cluster anions generated by laser ablation of graphene. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 22, 2033.
23. H. A. Becerril, J. Mao, Z. Liu, R. M. Stoltenberg, Z. Bao, Y. Chen. Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 463.
24. J. Liang, Y. Huang, L. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Ma, T. Guo, Y. Chen. Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly(vinyl alcohol), and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 2297.
25. R. B. Cody, R. E. Hein, S. D. Goodman, A. G. Marshall. Stored waveform inverse fourier transform excitation for obtaining increased parent ion selectivity in collisionally activated dissociation: Preliminary results. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1987, 1, 99.
26. J. W. Gauthier, T. R. Trautman, D. B. Jacobson. Sustained offresonance irradiation for collision-activated dissociation involving Fourier-transform mass-spectrometry-collision-activated dissociation technique that emulates infrared multiphoton dissociation. Anal. Chim. Acta 1991, 246, 211.
27. N. Park, K. Lee, S. Han, J. Yu, J. Ihm. Energetics of large carbon clusters: crossover from fullerenes to nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 65, 121405.
28. S. Iijima, T. Ichihashi. Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter. Nature 1993, 363, 603.
29. C. H. Kiang, W. A. Goddard III. Polyyne ring nucleus growth model for single-layer carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 2515.
30. S. Maruyama. FT-ICR reaction experiments and molecular dynamics simulations of precursor clusters for SWNTS. In E. Ōsawa (Ed). Perspectives of Fullerene Nanotechnology, Part III, Springer: Netherlands, 2002, 131.