New Horizons in Treating Disorders of Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Color

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 133-139

  Konda, Sailesh ^a   Geria, Aanand N ^a   Halder, Rebat M ^a  

^a HOWARD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemical peels; Hyperpigmentation; Lasers; Oral agents; Skin of color; Topical agents

Indexed keywords

DERMATOLOGICAL AGENT; ELLAGIC ACID; GRAPE SEED EXTRACT; HYDROQUINONE; N ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; NICOTINAMIDE; POLYPODIUM LEUCOTOMOS EXTRACT; PROCYANIDIN DERIVATIVE; RESVERATROL; RETINOIC ACID; TRANEXAMIC ACID;

DERMATOLOGIST; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GLYCYRRHIZA; HUMAN; HYPERPIGMENTATION; LASER SURGERY; MULBERRY; REVIEW; SKIN ABRASION; SKIN COLOR; SOYBEAN;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; CHEMEXFOLIATION; DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; HUMANS; HYDROQUINONES; HYPERPIGMENTATION; LASER THERAPY; RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS; SKIN PIGMENTATION;

EID: 84861537501     PISSN: 10855629     EISSN: 15580768     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2012.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Halder R.M., Grimes P.E., McLaurin C.I., et al. Incidence of common dermatoses in a predominantly black dermatologic practice. Cutis 1983, 32:388-390.
2. Alexis A.F., Sergay A.B., Taylor S.C. Common dermatologic disorders in skin of color: A comparative practice survey. Cutis 2007, 80:387-394.
3. El-Essawi D., Musial J.L., Hammad A., et al. A survey of skin disease and skin-related issues in Arab Americans. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007, 56:933-938.
4. Shah S.K., Bhanusali D.G., Sachdev A., et al. A survey of skin conditions and concerns in South Asian Americans: A community-based study. J Drugs Dermatol 2011, 10:524-528.
5. Costa A., Moises T.A., Cordero T., et al. Association of Emblica, licorice and belides as an alternative to hydroquinone in the clinical treatment of melasma. An Bras Dermatol 2010, 85:613-620.
6. Draelos Z.D. Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy. Dermatol Ther 2007, 20:308-313.
7. Leyden J., Wallo W. The mechanism of action and clinical benefits of soy for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Int J Dermatol 2011, 50:470-477.
8. Sharlow E.R., Paine C.S., Babiarz L., et al. The protease-activated receptor-2 upregulates keratinocyte phagocytosis. J Cell Sci 2000, 113:3093-3101.
9. Seiberg M., Paine C., Sharlow E., et al. The protease-activated receptor 2 regulates pigmentation via keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions. Exp Cell Res 2000, 254:25-32.
10. Hermanns J.F., Petit L., Piérard-Franchimont C., et al. Assessment of topical hypopigmenting agents on solar lentigines of Asian women. Dermatology 2002, 204:281-286.
11. Wallo W., Nebus J., Leyden J.J. Efficacy of a soy moisturizer in photoaging: A double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 12-week study. J Drugs Dermatol 2007, 6:917-922.
12. Yokota T., Nishio H., Kubota Y., et al. The inhibitory effect of glabridin from licorice extracts on melanogenesis and inflammation. Pigment Cell Res 1998, 11:355-361.
13. Leyden J.J., Shergill B., Micali G., et al. Natural options for the management of hyperpigmentation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011, 25:1140-1145.
14. Amer M., Metwalli M. Topical liquiritin improves Melasma. Int J Dermatol 2000, 39:299-301.
15. Katagtri T., Okubo T., Oyobikawa M., et al. Novel melanogenic enzymes inhibitor for controlling hyperpigmentation. 20th IFSCC International Congress 1998, 39:1-11.
16. Khemis A., Kaiafa A., Queille-Roussel C., et al. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of rucinol serum in patients with Melasma: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2007, 156:997-1004.
17. Huh S.Y., Shin J.W., Na J.I., et al. Efficacy and safety of liposome-encapsulated 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of Melasma: A randomized controlled split-face trial. J Dermatol 2010, 37:311-315.
18. Lee S.H., Choi S.Y., Kim H., et al. Mulberroside F isolated from the leaves of Morus alba inhibits melanin biosynthesis. Biol Pharm Bull 2002, 25:1045-1048.
19. Adhikari A., Devkota H.P., Takano A., et al. Screening of Nepalese crude drugs traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation: In vitro tyrosinase inhibition. Int J Cosmet Sci 2008, 30:353-360.
20. Alvin G., Catambay N., Vergara A., et al. A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of 75% mulberry (Morus alba) extract oil versus placebo as a topical treatment for Melasma: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Drugs Dermatol 2011, 10:1025-1031.
21. Greatens A., Hakozaki T., Koshoffer A., et al. Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible. Exp Dermatol 2005, 14:498-508.
22. Hakozaki T., Minwalla L., Zhuang J., et al. The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. Br J Dermatol 2002, 147:20-31.
23. Bissett D.L., Miyamoto K., Sun P., et al. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2004, 26:231-238.
24. Bissett D.L., Robinson L.R., Raleigh P.S., et al. Reduction in the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation by topical N-acetyl glucosamine. J Cosmet Dermatol 2007, 6:20-26.
25. Ertam I., Mutlu B., Unal I., et al. Efficiency of ellagic acid and arbutin in Melasma: A randomized, prospective, open-label study. J Dermatol 2008, 35:570-574.
26. Shimogaki H., Tanaka Y., Tamai H., et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ellagic acid on melanogenesis inhibition. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000, 22:291-303.
27. Galgut J.M., Ali S.A. Effect and mechanism of action of resveratrol: A novel melanolytic compound from the peanut skin of Arachis hypogaea. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011, 31:374-380.
28. Wiechers J.W., Rawlings A.V., Garcia C., et al. A new mechanism of action for skin whitening agents: Binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Int J Cosmet Sci 2005, 27:123-132.
29. Tirado-Sánchez A., Santamaría-Román A., Ponce-Olivera R.M. Efficacy of dioic acid compared with hydroquinone in the treatment of Melasma. Int J Dermatol 2009, 48:893-895.
30. Bissett D.L., Farmer T., McPhail S., et al. Genomic expression changes induced by topical N-acetyl glucosamine in skin equivalent cultures in vitro. J Cosmet Dermatol 2007, 6:232-238.
31. Shatalebi M.A., Mostafavi S.A., Moghaddas A. Niosome as a drug carrier for topical delivery of N-acetyl glucosamine. Res Pharm Sci 2010, 5:107-117.
32. Saliou C., Rimbach G., Moini H., et al. Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract. Free Radic Biol Med 2001, 30:154-160.
33. Ni Z., Mu Y., Gulati O. Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res 2002, 16:567-571.
34. Bagchi D., Garg A., Krohn R.L., et al. Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1997, 95:179-189.
35. Yamakoshi J., Sano A., Tokutake S., et al. Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma. Phytother Res 2004, 18:895-899.
36. Black A.K., Greaves M.W., Hensby C.N., et al. The effects of indomethacin on arachidonic acid and prostaglandins e2 and f2alpha levels in human skin 24 h after u.v.B and u.v.C irradiation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978, 6:261-266.
37. Nordlund J.J., Collins C.E., Rheins L.A. Prostaglandin E2 and D2 but not MSH stimulate the proliferation of pigment cells in the pinnal epidermis of the DBA/2 mouse. J Invest Dermatol 1986, 86:433-437.
38. Maeda K., Naganuma M. Topical trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid prevents ultraviolet radiation-induced pigmentation. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 1998, 47:136-141.
39. Lee J.H., Park J.G., Lim S.H., et al. Localized intradermal microinjection of tranexamic acid for treatment of melasma in Asian patients: A preliminary clinical trial. Dermatol Surg 2006, 32:626-631.
40. Kato H., Araki J., Eto H., et al. A prospective randomized controlled study of oral tranexamic acid for preventing postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after Q-switched ruby laser. Dermatol Surg 2011, 37:605-610.
41. Lee JH, Cho HH, Choi M, et al: Role of oral tranexamic acid in melasma patients treated with IPL and low fluence QS Nd: YAG laser. J Dermatol Treat (in press).
42. Philips N., Smith J., Keller T., et al. Predominant effects of Polypodium leucotomos on membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, and expression of elastin and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 in ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2003, 32:1-9.
43. Middelkamp-Hup M.A., Pathak M.A., Parrado C., et al. Orally administered Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases psoralen-UVA-induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004, 50:41-49.
44. Taylor C.R., Anderson R.R. Ineffective treatment of refractory melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation by Q-switched ruby laser. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1994, 20:592-597.
45. Jang W.S., Lee C.K., Kim B.J., et al. Efficacy of 694-nm Q-switched ruby fractional laser treatment of melasma in female Korean patients. Dermatol Surg 2011, 37:1133-1140.
46. Wang H.W., Liu K.Y. Efficacy and safety of low-energy QS Nd:YAG and QS alexandrite laser for Melasma [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2009, 31:45-47.
47. Angsuwarangsee S., Polnikorn N. Combined ultrapulse CO2 laser and Q-switched alexandrite laser compared with Q-switched alexandrite laser alone for refractory Melasma: Split-face design. Dermatol Surg 2003, 29:59-64.
48. Nouri K., Bowes L., Chartier T., et al. Combination treatment of melasma with pulsed CO2 laser followed by Q-switched alexandrite laser: A pilot study. Dermatol Surg 1999, 25:494-497.
49. Cho S.B., Kim J.S., Kim M.J. Melasma treatment in Korean women using a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low pulse energy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009, 34:e847-e850.
50. Choi M., Choi J.W., Lee S.Y., et al. Low-dose 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of Melasma. J Dermatol Treat 2010, 21:224-228.
51. Zhou X., Gold M.H., Lu Z., et al. Efficacy and safety of Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment of Melasma. Dermatol Surg 2011, 37:962-970.
52. Zoccali G., Piccolo D., Allegra P., et al. Melasma treated with intense pulsed light. Aesthet Plast Surg 2010, 34:486-493.
53. Li Y.H., Chen J.Z., Wei H.C., et al. Efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light in treatment of Melasma in Chinese patients. Dermatol Surg 2008, 34:693-700. discussion 700-701.
54. Rokhsar C.K., Fitzpatrick R.E. The treatment of melasma with fractional photothermolysis: A pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2005, 31:1645-1650.
55. Naito S.K. Fractional photothermolysis treatment for resistant melasma in Chinese females. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2007, 9:161-163.
56. Lee H.S., Won C.H., Lee D.H., et al. Treatment of melasma in Asian skin using a fractional 1,550-nm laser: An open clinical study. Dermatol Surg 2009, 35:1499-1504.
57. Katz T.M., Glaich A.S., Goldberg L.H., et al. Treatment of melasma using fractional photothermolysis: A report of eight cases with long-term follow-up. Dermatol Surg 2010, 36:1273-1280.
58. Wind B.S., Kroon M.W., Meesters A.A., et al. Non-ablative 1,550 nm fractional laser therapy versus triple topical therapy for the treatment of melasma: A randomized controlled split-face study. Lasers Surg Med 2010, 42:607-612.
59. Polder K.D., Bruce S. Treatment of melasma using a novel 1,927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser: A pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2012, 38:199-206.
60. Katz T.M., Goldberg L.H., Firoz B.F., et al. Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Dermatol Surg 2009, 35:1844-1848.
61. Rokhsar C.K., Ciocon D.H. Fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. Dermatol Surg 2009, 35:535-537.
62. Cho S.B., Lee S.J., Kang J.M., et al. Treatment of refractory arcuate hyperpigmentation using a fractional photothermolysis system. J Dermatol Treat 2010, 21:107-108.
63. Ejaz A., Raza N., Iftikhar N., et al. Comparison of 30% salicylic acid with Jessner's solution for superficial chemical peeling in epidermal Melasma. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2008, 18:205-208.
64. Joshi S.S., Boone S.L., Alam M., et al. Effectiveness, safety, and effect on quality of life of topical salicylic acid peels for treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in dark skin. Dermatol Surg 2009, 35:638-644. discussion 644.
65. Otley C.C., Roenigk R.K. Medium-depth chemical peeling. Semin Cutan Med Surg 1996, 15:145-154.
66. Chun E.Y., Lee J.B., Lee K.H. Focal trichloroacetic acid peel method for benign pigmented lesions in dark-skinned patients. Dermatol Surg 2004, 30:512-516. discussion 516.
67. Kumari R., Thappa D.M. Comparative study of trichloroacetic acid versus glycolic acid chemical peels in the treatment of melasma. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2010, 76:447.
68. Lawrence N., Cox S.E., Brody H.J. Treatment of melasma with Jessner's solution versus glycolic acid: A comparison of clinical efficacy and evaluation of the predictive ability of Wood's light examination. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997, 36:589-593.
69. Safoury O.S., Zaki N.M., El Nabarawy E.A., et al. A study comparing chemical peeling using modified Jessner's solution and 15% trichloroacetic acid versus 15% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of Melasma. Indian J Dermatol 2009, 54:41-45.
70. Cucé L.C., Bertino M.C., Scattone L., et al. Tretinoin peeling. Dermatol Surg 2001, 27:12-14.
71. Khunger N., Sarkar R., Jain R.K. Tretinoin peels versus glycolic acid peels in the treatment of Melasma in dark-skinned patients. Dermatol Surg 2004, 30:756-760. discussion 760.
72. Faghihi G., Shahingohar A., Siadat A.H. Comparison between 1% tretinoin peeling versus 70% glycolic acid peeling in the treatment of female patients with Melasma. J Drugs Dermatol 2011, 10:1439-1442.
73. Ghersetich I., Troiano M., Brazzini B., et al. Melasma: Treatment with 10% tretinoin peeling mask. J Cosmet Dermatol 2010, 9:117-121.