Factors affecting wind and snow damage of individual trees in a small management unit in Finland: Assessment based on inventoried damage and mechanistic modelling

Silva Fennica

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 181-196

  Zubizarreta Gerendiain, Ane ^a   Pellikka, Petri ^b   Garcia Gonzalo, Jordi ^a   Ikonen, Veli Pekka ^c   Peltola, Heli ^c  

^a INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE AGRONOMIA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Betula spp; Critical wind speed; Damage risk; Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; Snow loading

Indexed keywords

BETULA SPP; CRITICAL WIND SPEED; DAMAGE RISKS; PICEA ABIES; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; SNOW LOADING;

DAMAGE DETECTION; GEOLOGIC MODELS; LOADING; SNOW; STORMS;

FORESTRY;

CONIFEROUS TREE; DECIDUOUS TREE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY MODELING; PREDICTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROOT SYSTEM; ROOTING; SNOWSTORM; STORM DAMAGE; WIND FORCING; WIND VELOCITY;

BETULA; DAMAGE; FORESTRY; LOADING; PICEA ABIES; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SNOW;

FINLAND;

BETULA; PICEA ABIES; PINUS SYLVESTRIS;

EID: 84861476928     PISSN: 00375330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Achim, A. & Nicoll, B.C. 2009. Modelling the anchorage of shallow-rooted trees. Forestry 82(3): 273-284.
2. Blennow, K. & Sallnäs, O. 2004. WINDA - a system of models for assessing the probability of wind damage to forest stands within a landscape. Ecological Modelling 175: 87-99.
3. Cucchi, V., Meredieu, C., Stokes, A., Berthier, S., Bert, D., Najar, M., Denis, A. & Lastennet, R. 2004. Root anchorage of inner and edge trees in stands of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) growing in different podzolic soil conditions. Trees 18: 460-466.
4. Gardiner, B.A., Stacey, G.R., Belcher, R.E. & Wood, C.J. 1997. Filed and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability. Forestry 70(3): 233-252.
5. Gardiner, B.A, Peltola, H. & Kellomäki, S. 2000. Comparison of two models for predicting the critical wind speeds required to damage coniferous trees. Ecological Modelling 129: 1-23.
6. Gardiner, B.A, Byrne, K., Hale, S., Kamimura, K, Stephen J, Mitchell, S.J, Peltola, H. & Rue, J.C. 2008. A review of mechanistic modelling of wind damage risk to forests. Forestry 81(3): 447-463.
7. King, D.J., Olthof, I., Pellikka, P.K.E., Seed, E.D. & Butson, C. 2005. Modelling and mapping forest ice storm damage using remote sensing and environmental data. Natural Hazards 35: 321-342.
8. Laiho, O. 1987. Susceptibility of forest stands to windthrow in southern Finland. Folia Forestalia 706: 1-24. (In Finnish with English summary).
9. Lohmander, P. & Helles, F. 1987. Windthrow prob- ability as a function of stand characteristics and shelter. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2(2): 227-238.
10. Mickovski, S.-B. & Ennos, A.R. 2002. A morphological and mechanical study of the root systems of suppressed crown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Trees 16: 274-280.
11. Nicoll, B.C. & Ray, D. 1996. Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site conditions. Tree physiology 16: 891-898.
12. Nicoll, B.C, Gardiner, B.A., Rayner, B. & Peace, A.J. 2006. Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type and rooting depth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 1871-1883.
13. Nicoll, B.C, Gardiner, B.A. & Peace, A.J. 2008. Improvements in anchorage provided by the acclimation of forest trees to wind stress. Forestry 81(3): 389-398.
14. Nykänen, M.-L., Peltola, H., Quine, C., Kellomäki, S. & Broadgate, M. 1997. Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fennica 31(2): 193-213.
15. Päätalo, M.-L. 2002. Snow damage to Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: model approaches. D.Sc. (Agr. and For.) thesis. Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. Research Notes 102.
16. Pellikka, P. & Järvenpää, E. 2003. Forest stand characteristics and wind and snow induced forest damage in boreal forest. Proceedings of the International Conference on Wind Effects on Trees, held in September 16-18, 2003, University of Karlsruhe, Germany. p. 8.
17. Pellikka, P, Seed, E.D. & King, D.J. 2000. Modelling deciduous forest ice storm damage using aerial CIR imagery and hemispheric photography. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 26(6): 394-405.
18. Peltola, H. 1996. Swaying of trees in a response to wind and thinning in a stand of Scots pine. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 77: 285-304.
19. Peltola, H, Kellomäki, S., Väisänen, H. & Ikonen, V.-P. 1999. A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 647-661.
20. Peltola, H, Kellomäki, S., Hassinen, A. & Granander, M. 2000. Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: analysis of tree pulling experiments in Finland. Forest Ecology and Management 135(1-3): 143-153.
21. Persson, P. 1972. Vindoch snöskadors samband med beståndsbehandlingen - inventering av yngre gall-ringsförsök. Skogshögskolan, Institutionen för skogsproduktion. (Stand treatment and damage by wind and snow - survey of younger thinning experiments). Royal College of Forestry, Department of forest yield research. Research Notes 23. 205 p. (In Swedish with English abstract).
22. Petty, J.A. & Worrell, R. 1981. Stability of coniferous tree stems in relation to damage by snow. Forestry 54(2): 115-128.
23. Petty, J.A & Swain, C. 1985. Factors influencing stem breakage of conifers in high winds. Forestry 58(1): 75-85.
24. Ray, D. & Nicoll, B.C. 1998. The effect of soil watertable depth on root-plate development and stability of Sitka spruce. Forestry 71: 169-182.
25. Solantie, R. 1994. Effect of weather and climatological background on snow damage of forests in southern Finland in November 1991. Silva Fennica 28(3): 203-211.
26. Talkkari, A., Peltola, H., Kellomäki, S. & Strandman, H. 2000. Integration of component models from the tree, stand and regional levels to assess the risk of wind damage at forest margins. Forest Ecology and Management 135: 303-313.
27. Valinger, E. & Lundqvist, L. 1992. Influence of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on the frequency of snow and wind induced stand damage in forests. Scottish Forestry 46: 311-320.
28. Valinger, E, Lundqvist, L. & Brandel, G. 1994. Wind and snow damage in a thinning and fertilisation experiment in Pinus sylvestris. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 9: 129-134.
29. Zeng, H., Peltola, H., Talkkari, A., Strandman, H., Venäläinen, A., Wang, K. & Kellomäki, S. 2006. Simulations of the influence of clear-cuttings on the risk of wind damage on a regional scale over a 20-year period. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 2247-2258.