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Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 903-917

The rise of Brazil as a global development power

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING WORLD; FOREIGN POLICY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; POLITICAL DISCOURSE; POWER RELATIONS;

EID: 84861466773     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2012.674704     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (84)
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    • Note
    • The concept of development has run through Brazilian political discourses in two main (nonexclusionary) ways. First, it has been used as a noun to state a particular action ('development is the goal'; 'the country needs development') or prefaced by an adjective to specify a focus area, such as in 'sustainable development', 'regional development' and 'social development'. Second, it is also widely used as an adjective to contrast 'developing' with 'developed' economies.
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    • It is important to note that, while national-developmentalist ideas were translated into foreign policy, dependency theory was not. Most of the prominent scholars in this area-such as Theotonio dos Santos, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Enzo Faletto and Ruy Mauro Marini-were forced into exile during the country's military government (which began in 1964). As Bresser-Pereira explains, not only did dependency theory have a Marxist base but it was focused on exploitation structured upon class-not foreign-relations.
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    • This approach was explicit in Fernando Collor de Mello's tenure (1989-92). Considerable debate still exists, however, over how far President Fernando Henrique Cardoso-one of the main contributors to dependency theory-consciously followed this approach during his first term (1995-98). One can also argue that the need and effort to stabilise Brazil's fragile economy curtailed Cardoso's ability to manoeuvre freely and challenge the 'neoliberal' international order.
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    • On this comparison between Cardoso's and Lula's foreign policies, see AL Reis da Silva, 'As transformações matriciais da Política Externa Brasileira recente (2000-2010)', Meridiano 47, 11(120), 2010, pp 18-24.
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    • President Lula ran unsuccessfully for the presidency three times before being elected in 2002 (and reelected in 2006): in 1988 he lost to Fernando Collor de Mello; in 1994 and 1998 he was defeated by Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
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    • Translated from President Luiz Inácio 'Lula' da Silva, Commencement Speech, Brasília 1 January 2003, emphasis added. In this speech 'development' (and derivative words) is one of the most common expressions, appearing 18 times in the document, ranking above other important concepts such as 'social' (16 times), 'change' (14), 'justice' (five), 'sovereign/sovereignty' (five), and 'liberty' (absent).
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    • Translated from Antonio Patriota's commencement speech as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Brasília, 2 January 2011, emphasis added.
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    • This was particularly the case during the presidencies of Castelo Branco (1964-67), Collor de Mello (1989-92), and (arguably) during the first tenure of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-98). For a thorough assessment of Brazil's foreign policy since its independence, see, Brasília: UnB
    • This was particularly the case during the presidencies of Castelo Branco (1964-67), Collor de Mello (1989-92), and (arguably) during the first tenure of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-98). For a thorough assessment of Brazil's foreign policy since its independence, see C Bueno & AL Cervo, Historia da Politica Exterior do Brasil, Brasília: UnB, 2008.
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    • Antonio Patriota, interview (in Portuguese) given to Carta Capital (São Paulo), 14 February 2011.
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    • Translated from Section 7.1.1: 'Cooperação Internacional-Cooperação bilateral prestada', subsection 2.1.1: 'Porque foi criada a Cooperação bilateral prestada, qual a distinção em relação a políticas existentes', in Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE), Balanç o de política externa 2003/2010, Brasília: MRE, 2010.
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    • For more on Brazil's 'health diplomacy' initiatives, see, Center for Strategic and International Studies
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    • Translated from Celso Amorim's interview given to Brazil's Ministry of Health, at http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/entrevista_celso_amorim.pdf, accessed 2 July 2011.
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    • Over the past three decades the production yield of sugarcane has almost doubled; currently close to 90 per cent of all passenger vehicles produced in Brazil are 'flex-fuel' (supporting a combination of gasoline and ethanol), with these representing over two-fifths of the country's total motorised fleet.
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    • Translated from 'Trabalho, Desenvolvimento e Prosperidade-13: Fortalecer a participação do país nas relações econõmicas internacionais', Plano Plurianual (PPA) 2008-2011, Brasília: Ministry of Planning, 2008.
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    • Translated from 'As treze diretrizes do governo da presidenta Dilma Rousseff', 10 January, at, accessed 8 January 2011
    • Translated from 'As treze diretrizes do governo da presidenta Dilma Rousseff', 10 January 2011, at http://www2.planalto.gov.br/presidenta/diretrizes-de-governo, accessed 8 January 2011.
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    • For more on the issue of climate change and development, see
    • For more on the issue of climate change and development, see C Saunders, 'The stop climate chaos coalition: climate change as a development issue', Third World Quarterly, 29(8), 2008, 1509-1526.
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    • Section 3.2.11: 'Temas Multilaterais-Energias renováveis', subsection 2.1: 'Descriçã o: Atuação internacional do Brasil na área de energias renováveis, incluindo biocombustíveis', Balanç o de Política Externa 2003/2010, Brasilia: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2010, at, accessed 7 September 2011
    • Section 3.2.11: 'Temas Multilaterais-Energias renováveis', subsection 2.1: 'Descriçã o: Atuação internacional do Brasil na área de energias renováveis, incluindo biocombustíveis', Balanç o de Política Externa 2003/2010, Brasilia: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2010, at http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/temas/balanco-de-politica-externa-2003-2010/3.2.11-temas-multilaterais-energias-renovaveis, accessed 7 September 2011.
  • 80
    • 84861472249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • In the period between 2008 and 2009 alone Brazil participated in over 50 international fora related to biofuels.
  • 81
    • 84861466664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Translated from Celso Amorim's speech given during the International Biofuels Conference, São Paulo, 11 November 2008.
  • 82
    • 84861472259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Translated from President Lula's final speech at the International Biofuels Conference, São Paulo, 11 November 2008.
  • 84
    • 84861470346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translated from President Dilma Rousseff's speech given to the graduating class of new Brazilian diplomats, 20 April 2011, at, accessed 19 November 2011
    • Translated from President Dilma Rousseff's speech given to the graduating class of new Brazilian diplomats, 20 April 2011, at http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/discursos-artigos-entrevistas-e-outras-comunicacoes/presidente-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil/discurso-da-presidenta-da-republica-dilma-rousseff-na-cerimonia-de-formatura-da-turma-2009-2011-do-instituto-rio-branco-1, accessed 19 November 2011.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.