MIS 5a and MIS 3 relatively high sea-level stands on the Hatay-Samandaĝ Coast, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey

Quaternary International

Volumn 262, Issue , 2012, Pages 65-79

  Doĝan, Uĝur ^a   Koçyiĝit, Ali ^b   Varol, Baki ^a   Özer, Ismail ^a   Molodkov, Anatoly ^c   Zöhra, Emre ^d  

^a ANKARA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Estonia)

^d Yildizevler Mahallesi   (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE FAULT; MARINE ISOTOPE STAGE; QUATERNARY; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SHORELINE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; TECTONICS; UPLIFT;

MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA (EAST); TURKEY;

MOLLUSCA;

EID: 84861185830     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.020     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Adiyaman ö., Chorowicz J. Late Cenozoic tectonics and volcanism in the Northwestern corner of the Arabian plate: consequence of strike-slip Dead Sea fault zone and lateral escape of Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2002, 117:327-345.
2. Aksoy E., Inceöz M., Koçyiĝit A. Lake Hazar Basin: a negative Flower Structure on the East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), SE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 2007, 16:319-338.
3. Akyüz H.S., Altunel E., Karabacak V., Yalçiner C.C. Historical earthquake activity of the northern part of the Dead Sea Fault Zone, southern Turkey. Tectonophysics 2006, 426:281-293.
4. Allen C.R. Active Faulting in Northern Turkey. Contribution 1577 1969, Division of Geological Sciences California Institute of Technology, California.
5. Altunel E., Meghraoui M., Karabacak V., Akyüz S.H., Ferry M., Yalçiner ç., Munschy M. Archeological sites (Tell and Road) offset by the Dead Sea Fault in the Amik Basin, Southern Turkey. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 179:1313-1329.
6. Andreucci S., Celemmensen L.B., Murray A.S., Pascucci V. Middle to late Pleistocene coastal deposits of Alghero, Northwest Sardinia (Italy): chronology and evolution. Quaternary International 2010, 222:3-16.
7. Andreucci S., Pascucci V., Murray A.S., Celemmensen L.B. Late Pleistocene coastal evolution of San Giovanni di Sinis, West Sardinia (Western Mediterranean). Sedimentary Geology 2009, 216:104-116.
8. Antonioli F., Kershaw S., Renda P., Rust D., Belluomini G., Cerasoli M., Radtke U., Silenzi S. Elevation of the last interglacial highstand in Sicily (Italy), A benchmark of coastal tectonics. Quaternary International 2006, 145-146:3-18.
9. Anzidei M., Antonioli F., Benini A., Lambeck K., Sivan D., Serpelloni E., Stocchi P. Sea Level change and vertical land movements since the last two millennia along the coasts of southwestern Turkey and Israel. Quaternary International 2011, 232:13-20.
10. Arpat E., şaroĝlu F. The East Anatolian Fault System thoughts on its development. Bulletin Mineral Research and Exploration Institute 1972, 78:33-39.
11. Arpat E., şaroĝlu F. Türkiye'deki bazi önemli genç tektonik olaylar. Türkiye Jelolji Kurumu Bülteni 1975, 18:91-101.
12. Boulton S.J. Record of Cenozoic sedimentation from the Amanos Mountains, Southern Turkey: implications for the inception and evolution of the Arabia-Eurasia continental collision. Sedimentary Geology 2009, 216:29-47.
13. Boulton S.J., Robertson A.H.F., Ellam R.M., Safak ü., ünlügenç U.C. Strontium isotopic and micropalaeontological dating used to redefine the stratigraphy of the Neotectonic Hatay Graben, southern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 2007, 16:141-179.
14. Boulton S.J., Robertson A.H.F. The Neogene-Recent Hatay Graben, South Central Turkey: graben formation in a setting of oblique extension (transtension) related to post-collisional tectonic escape. Geological Magazine 2008, 145:800-821.
15. Boulton S.J., Robertson A.H.F., Unlügenç ü.C. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Cenozoic Hatay Graben, Southern Turkey: a two-phase, foreland basin then transtensional basin model. Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean 2006, Geological Society, (Special Publications) 260, pp. 613-634. A.H.F. Robertson, D. Mountrakis (Eds.).
16. Boulton S.J., Whittaker A.C. Quantifying the slip rates, spatial distribution and evolution of active normal faults from geomorphic analysis: field examples from an oblique-extensional graben, southern Turkey. Geomorphology 2009, 104:299-316.
17. Chappell J., Omura A., Esat T., McCulloch M., Pandolfi J., Ota Y., Pillans B. Reconciliation of late Quaternary sea levels derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with deep sea oxygen isotope records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 141:227-236.
18. Chappell J. Sea level changes force ice breakouts in the last Glacial cycle: new results from coral terraces. Quaternary Science Reviews 2002, 21:1229-1240.
19. Cutler K.B., Edwards R.L., Taylor F.W., Cheng H., Adkins J., Cutler P.M., Burr G.S., Bloom A.L., Gallup C.D. Rapid sea-level fall and deep-ocean temperature change since the last interglacial period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 206:253-271.
20. çetin H., Güneyli H., Mayer L. Paleoseismology of the Palu-Lake Hazar segment of the East Anatolian Fault Zonme, Turkey. Tectonophysics 2003, 374:163-197.
21. çolak, S., Aksoy, E., Koçyiĝit, A., Inceöz, M., Palu-Uluova strike-slip basin on the East Anatolian Fault System, Turkey: transition from paleotectonic period to neotectonic period. Turkish Journal Earth Sciences, in press.
22. Desruelles S., Fouache E., çiner A., Dalongeville R., Pavlopoulos K., Kosun E., Coquinot Y., Potdevin J.L. Beachrocks and sea level changes since Middle Holocene: comparison between the insular group of Mykonos-Delos-Rhenia (Cyclades, Greece) and the southern coast of Turkey. Global and Planetary Change 2009, 66:19-33.
23. Dodonov A.E., Trifonov V.G., Ivanov T.P., Kuznetsov V.Yu., Maksimov F.E., Bachmanov D.M., Sadchikova T.A., Simakova A.N., Minini H., Al-Kafri A.-M., Ali O. Late Quaternary marine terraces in the Mediterranean coastal area of Syria: geochronology and neotectonics. Quaternary International 2008, 190:158-170.
24. Dumas B., Guérèmy P., Raffy J. Evidence for sea-level oscillations by the «characteristic thickness» of marine deposits from raised terraces of Southern Calabria (Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 2005, 24:2120-2136.
25. Dumas B., Hoang C.T., Raffy J. Record of MIS 5 sea-level highstands based on U/Th dated coral terraces of Haiti. Quaternary International 2006, 145-146:106-118.
26. Ercan A. Doĝu Anadolu Fayi üzerinde küçük deprem çalişmalari. Yeryuvari ve Insan 1979, 2:21-30.
27. Erginal A.E., Kiyak N.G., Bozcu M., Ertek T.A., Güngüneş H., Sungur A., Türker G. On the origin and age of Ariburnu beachrock, Gelibolu Peninsula, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 2008, 17:803-819.
28. Erginal A.E., Kiyak N.G., öztürk B. Investigation of beachrock using microanalyses and OSL dating: a case study from Bozcaada Island, Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research 2010, 26:350-358.
29. Erol O. Asi nehri deltasinin jeomorfolojisi ve dördüncü zaman deniz-akarsu sekileri 1963, Ankara üniversitesi, Dil ve Tarih Coĝrafya Fakültesi, Ankara, yayin no. 148.
30. Ferranti L., Antonioli F., Mauz B., Amorosi A., Dai Pra G., Mastronuzzi G., Monaco C., Orru P., Pappalardo M., Radtke U., Renda P., Romano P., Sanso P., Verrubi V. Markers of the last interglacial sea-level high stand along the coast of Italy: tectonic implications. Quaternary International 2006, 145-146:30-54.
31. Galili E., Zviely D., Ronen A., Mienis H.K. Beach deposits of MIS 5e high sea stand as indicators for tectonic stability of Carmel coastal plain Israel. Quaternary Sciences Reviews 2007, 26:2544-2557.
32. Gusev, E.A. and Molodkov, A.N., Structure of deposits formed during the final stage of the Kazantsevo (MIS 5) transgression in the north of Western Siberia. Doklady Earth Sciences, in press.
33. Gülen L., Barka A., Toksöz M.N. Continental Collision and Related Complex Deformation; Maraş Triple Junction and Surrounding Structures in SE Turkey 1987, Hacettepe University Earth Sciences, 14, 319-336.
34. Güneyli H. Doĝu Anadolu Fay Sistemi, Palu-Hazar Gölü segmentinin neotektoniĝi ve paleosismolojisi 2002, Doktora Tezi, çukurova üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
35. Gürsoy H., Tatar O., Piper J.D.A., Heimann A., Mesci B.L. Neotectonic deformation linking the east Anatolian and Karataş-Osmaniye intracontinental transform fault zones in the Gulf of Iskenderun, southern Turkey, deduced from paleomagnetic study of the Ceyhan-Osmaniye volcanics. Tectonics 2003, 22:1-11.
36. Gürsoy H., Tatar O., Piper J.D.A., Heimann A., Koçbulut F., Mesci B.L. Paleomagnetic study of Tertiary volcanic domains in Southern Turkey and Neogene anticlockwise rotation of Arabian Plate. Tectonophysics 2009, 465:114-127.
37. Hall J., Aksu A.E., Calon T.J., Yaşar D. Varying tectonic control on basin development at an active microplate margin: Latakia Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology 2005, 221:15-60.
38. Hearty P.J., Hollin J.T., Neumann A.C., O'Leary M.J., McCulloch M. Global sea-level fluctuations during the Last Interglaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:2090-2112.
39. Hempton M.R., Dewey J.S. Earthquake-induced deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments, East Anatolian Fault, southeast Turkey. Tectonophysics 1983, 98:14-17.
40. Hempton M.R., Dunne L.A. Sedimentation in pull-apart basins: active examples in eastern Turkey. Journal of Geology 1984, 92:513-530.
41. Herece, E., Akay, E., 1992. Karliova-çelikhan arasinda Doĝu Anadolu fayi. Türkiye 9. Petrol Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabi, s. 361-372.
42. Imamoĝlu M.ş., Gökten E. Doĝu Anadolu Fay Zonu Gölbaşi kesimi neotektonik özellikleri ve Gölbaşi-Saray fay kamasi havzasi. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayi Bülteni 1996, 11:176-184.
43. Imamoĝlu, ş., 1993. Gölbaşi (Adiyaman)-Pazarcik-Narli (K. Maraş) arasindaki sahada Doĝu Anadolu Fayi'nin Neotektonik incelemesi (Neotectonic investigation of the East Anatolian Fault Zone) in the area around Gölbaşi (Adiyaman), Pazarcik and Narli (K. Maraş). Doktora Tezi, Ankara Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
44. Jedoui Y., Reyss J.L., Kallel N., Montacer M., Ismail H.B., Davaud E. U-series evidence for two high Last Interglacial sea levels in southeastern Tunisia. Quaternary Science Reviews 2003, 22:343-351.
45. Kalafat D. Anadolu'nun Tektonik yapilarinin deprem mekanizmalari açisindan irdelenmesi. Deprem Araştirma Bülteni 1998, 77:1-217.
46. Karabacak V., Altunel E., Meghraoui M., Akyüz H.S. Field evidence from northern Dead Sea Fault Zone (South Turkey): new findings for the initiation age and slip rate. Tectonophysics 2010, 480:172-180.
47. Kasapoĝlu E. Seismotectonic characteristics of Eastern Mediterranean: a finite elements analysis. Yerbilimleri 1987, 14:309-317.
48. Kayan I., 1993 (çeviri). Hatay'da yükselmiş Holosen kiyi çizgileri, paleoekolojik ve tektonik deĝerlendirmeler. Ege Coĝrafya Dergisi 7, 43-76, (Translated from Pirazzoli, P.A., Laborel, J., Saliège, J.F., Erol, O., Kayan, I., Person, A., 1991. Holocene raised shorelines on the Hatay coasts (Turkey): Palaeoecological and tectonic implications. Marine Geology 96, 295-311).
49. 14 tarihlendirmelerinin işiĝinda Geç Holosen tektonik hareketleri. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 1983, 26:83-87.
50. Koçyiĝit, A., 2009. Biga Yarimadasi'nin Yeni Tektoniĝi: Biga Fay Sistemi, KB Türkiye, 62. Jeoloji Kurultay Bildiri özleri Kitabi II, Ankara, s.81.
51. Koçyiĝit, A., 2003. Segmentation and near future seismicity of the East Anatolian Fault System. International workshop on the North Anatolian, East Anatolian and Dead Sea Fault System: recent progress in tectonics and paleoseismology, METU, Ankara. Abstracts, p.7.
52. Koçyiĝit A., Aksoy E., Inceöz M. Basic Neotectonic Characteristics of the Sivrice Fault Zone in the Sivrice-Palu Area, East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey. A Pre-workshop Excursion Gidebook. International Workshop on the North Anatolian, East Anatolian and Dead Sea Fault Systems: Recent Progress in Tectonics and Paleoseismology, and Field Training Course in Paleoseismology, 31 August-12 September, 2003 2003, Middle East Technical University-METU, Ankara-Turkey, pp.20.
53. Kuhn S.L., Stiner M.C., Güleç E., özer I., Yilmaz H., Baykara I., Açikkol A., Goldberg P., Molina K.M., ünay E., Alpaslan F.S. The early Upper Paleolithic occupations at üçaĝizli Cave (Hatay, Turkey). Journal of Human Evolution 2009, 56:87-113.
54. Lyberis N., Yürür T., Chorowicz J., Kasapoĝlu K.E., Gündogdu N. The East Anatolian Fault: an oblique collisional belt. Tectonophysics 1992, 204:1-15.
55. McCulloch M.T., Esat T. The coral record of Last Interglacial sea levels and sea surface temperatures. Chemical Geology 2000, 169:107-129.
56. Molodkov A. ESR dating of Quaternary shells: recent advances. Quaternary Science Reviews 1988, 7:477-484.
57. Molodkov A. ESR-dating of non-marine mollusc shells. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 1993, 43:145-148.
58. Molodkov A., Bolikhovskaya N. Climate change dynamics in Northern Eurasia over the last 200: evidence from mollusc-based ESR-chronostratigraphy and vegetation successions of the loess-palaeosol records. Quaternary International 2009, 201:67-76.
59. Molodkov A., Bolikhovskaya N. Climato-chronostratigraphic framework of Pleistocene terrestrial and marine deposits of Northern Eurasia, based on pollen, electron spin resonance, and infrared optically stimulated luminescence analyses. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 2010, 59:49-62.
60. Molodkov A., Dreimanis A., āboltiņŠ O., Raukas A. The ESR age of Portlandia arctica shells from glacial deposits of Central Latvia: an answer to a controversy on the age and genesis of their enclosing sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 1998, 17:1077-1094.
61. Morhange C., Pirazzoli P.A., Marriner N., Montaggionii L.F., Nammour T. Late Holocene relative sea level changes in Lebanon Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Geology 2006, 230:99-114.
62. Murray-Wallace C.V. Pleistocene coastal stratigraphy, sea-level highstands and neotectonism of the southern Australian passive continental margin - a review. Journal of Quaternary Science 2002, 17:469-489.
63. Murray-Wallace C.V. Sea level studies/eustatic sea-level changes, glacial-interglacial cycles. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science 2007, 3024-3034. Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam. S.A. Elias (Ed.).
64. Nalbant S., McClusky J., Steacy S., Barka A. Stress accumulation and increased seismic risk in eastern Turkey. Earth and Planetary Letters 2002, 195:291-298.
65. över S., özden S., ünlügenç U.C., Yilmaz H. A synthesis: late Cenozoic stress field distribution at northeastern corner of the Eastern Mediterranean, SE Turkey. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 2004, 336:93-103.
66. över S., ünlügenç U.C., Bellier O. Quaternary stress regime change in Hatay region (SE Turkey). Geophysical Journal International 2002, 148:649-662.
67. öztemir F., Necioĝlu A., Baĝci G. Antakya ve çevresinin depremselliĝi ve odak mekanizmasi çözümleri. Jeofizik 2000, 14:87-102.
68. Perinçek, D. Eren, A.G., 1990. Doĝrultu atimli Doĝu Anadolu ve ölü Deniz fay zonlari etki alaninda gelişen Amik havzasinin kökeni. Türkiye 8. Petrol Kongresi Bildiri Kitabi, Ankara, pp. 180-192.
69. Perinçek D., çemen ü. The structural relationship between the East Anatolian Fault and Dead Sea Fault zones in southern Turkey. Tectonophysics 1990, 172:331-340.
70. Perinçek D., Günay Y., Kozlu H. New observations on the strike-slip faults in East and Southeast Anatolia. Seventh Biannual Petroleum Congress of Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists, Ankara, Proceedings 1987, 89-103.
71. Pirazzoli P.A. A review of possible eustatic, isostatic and tectonic contributions in eight late-Holocene relative sea level histories from the Mediterranean area. Quaternary Science Reviews 2005, 24:1989-2001.
72. Pirazzoli P.A., Laborel J., Saliège J.F., Erol O., Kayan I., Person A. Holocene raised shorelines on the Hatay coasts (Turkey): palaeoecological and tectonic implications. Marine Geology 1991, 96:295-311.
73. Pirazzoli P.A. Sea level studies: geomorphological indicators. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science 2007, 2974-2983. Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam. S.A. Elias (Ed.).
74. Potter E.-K., Esat T.M., Schellmann G., Radtke U., Lambeck K., McCulloch M.T. Suborbital-period sea-level oscillations during marine isotope substage 5a and 5c. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 225:191-204.
75. Rojay B., Heimann A., Toprak V. Neotectonic and volcanic characteristics of the Karasu fayult zone (Anatolia, Tuirkey): the transition zone between the Dead Sea transform and the East Anatolian fault zone. Geodinamica Acta 2001, 14:197-212.
76. Rukieh M., Trifonov V.G., Dodonov A.E., Minini H., Ammar O., Ivanova T.P., Zaza T., Ysef A., Alshara M., Jobaili Y. Neotectonic map of Syria and some aspects of Late Cenozoic evolution of the northwestern boundary zone of the Arabian plate. Journal of Geodynamics 2005, 40:235-256.
77. Sasaki K., Omura A., Murakami K., Sagawa N., Nakaomori T. Interstadial coral reef terraces and relative sea-level changes during marine oxygen isotope stages 3-4, Kikai Island, Central Ryukyus, Japan. Quaternary International 2004, 120:51-64.
78. Schellmann G., Radtke U., Potter E.K., Esat T.M., McCulloch M.T. Comparison of ESR and TIMS U/Th dating of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, 5c, and 5a coral from Barbados-implications for palaeo sea-level changes in the Caribbean. Quaternary International 2004, 120:41-50.
79. Seymen I., Aydin A. Bingöl deprem fayi ve bunun Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu ile ilişkisi. MTA Dergisi 1972, 79:1-8.
80. Seyrek A., Demir T., Pringle M., Yurtmen S., Westaway R., Bridgland D., Beck A., Rowbotham G. Late Cenozoic uplift of the Amanos Mountains and incision of the Middle Ceyhan river gorge, southern Turkey; Ar-Ar dating of the Düziçi Basalt. Geomorphology 2008, 97:321-355.
81. Shackleton N.J., Chapman M., Sanchez-Goni M.F., Pailler D., Lancelot Y. The Classic Marine Isotope Substage 5e. Quaternary Research 2002, 58:14-16.
82. Shackleton N.J., Sanchez-Goni M.F., Pailler D., Lancelot Y. Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian Interglacial. Global and Planetary Change 2003, 36:151-155.
83. Siddall M., Rohling E.J., Almogi-Labin A., Hemleben C., Meischner D., Schmelzer I., Smeed D.A. Sea level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle. Nature 2003, 423:853-858.
84. Sivan D., Gvirtzman G., Sass E. Quaternary stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Galilee coastal plain. Israel. Quaternary Research 1999, 51:280-294.
85. Stirling C.H., Esat T.M., McCulloch M.T., Lambeck K. Highprecision U-series dating of corals from Western Australia and implications for the timing and duration of the Last Interglacial. Earth Planet, Science Letters 1995, 135:115-130.
86. Suric M., Richards D.A., Hoffmann D.L., Tibljas D., Juracic M. Sea-level change during MIS 5a based on submerged speleothems from the eastern Adriatic Sea (Crotia). Marine Geology 2009, 262:62-67.
87. şaroĝlu F., Emre ö., Boray A. Türkiye'nin diri faylari ve depremsellikleri 1987, Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA), Ankara, Report no. 8174.
88. şaroĝlu F., Emre ö., Kuşçu ü The East Anatolian fault zone of Turkey. Annales Tectonicae 1992, 6:125-199.
89. şenyürek M.S., Bostanci E.Y. Hatay Vilayetinin Paleolitik Kültürleri. Belleten 1958, 86:171-210.
90. Tan O., Tapirdamaz C., Yörük A. The earthquake catalogues for Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 2008, 17:405-418.
91. Tatar O., Piper J.D.A., Gürsoy H., Heimann A., Koçbulut F. Neotectonic deformation in the transition zone between the Dead Sea Transform and the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Southern Turkey: a paleomagnetic study of the Karasu Rift Volcanism. Tectonophysics 2004, 385:17-43.
92. Taymaz T., Eyidoĝan H., Jackson J. Source parameters of large earthquakes in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). Geophysical Journal International 1991, 106:537-550.
93. Thompson W.G., Goldstein S.L. Open-system coral ages reveal persistent suborbital sea-level cycles. Science 2005, 308(5720):401-404.
94. Ulusay R., Aydan ö. Characteristics and geo-engineering aspects of the 2003 Bingöl (Turkey) earthquake. Journal of Geodynamics 2005, 40:334-346.
95. Waelbroeck C., Labeyrie L., Michel E., Dupplesy J.C., Lambeck K., McManus J.F., Balbon E., Labracherie M. Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records. Quaternary Science Reviews 2002, 21:295-305.
96. Westaway R., Arger J. The Gölbaşi basin, southern Turkey: a complex discontinuity in a major strike-slip fault zone. Journal of the Geological Society London 1996, 153:729-744.
97. Westaway R. Present-day kinematics of the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean. Journal Geophysics Research 1994, 99:12071-12090.
98. Woodroffe C.D. Sea level studies: coral records. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science 2007, 3006-3015. Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam. S.A. Elias (Ed.).
99. Yalçin, M.N, 1979. Doĝu Anadolu Yariliminin Türkoĝlu-Karaaĝaç (K. Maraş) arasindaki kesiminin özellikleri ve bölgedeki yerleşim alanlari. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, Altinli Sempozyumu özel Sayisi, s. 49-55.
100. Yaltirak C., Sakinç M., Aksu A.E., Hiscott R.N., Galleb B., ülgen U.B. Late Pleistocene uplift history along the southwestern Marmara Sea determined from raised coastal deposits and global sea level variations. Marine Geology 2002, 190:283-305.