The neogene-recent hatay graben, South Central Turkey: Graben formation in a setting of oblique extension (transtension) related to post-collisional tectonic escape

Geological Magazine

Volumn 145, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 800-821

  Boulton, Sarah J ^a,b   Robertson, Alastair H F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b Grant Institute   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dead Sea Fault; East Anatolian Fault; Eastern Mediterranean; Neotectonics; Normal faults; Strain analysis; Strike slip faults

Indexed keywords

PLATES (STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS); SEDIMENTS; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS;

DEAD SEA FAULTS; EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN; NEOTECTONICS; NORMAL FAULTS; STRAIN ANALYSIS;

FAULT SLIPS;

AFRICAN PLATE; COLLISION ZONE; CRETACEOUS; EURASIAN PLATE; GRABEN; NEOGENE; NEOTECTONICS; NORMAL FAULT; OBLIQUE FAULT; PLIOCENE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT;

EURASIA; HATAY; TURKEY;

EID: 54049089048     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: 14695081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756808005013     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. AKSU, A. E., CALON, T. J., HISCOTT, R. N. & YAŞAR, D. 2000. Anatomy of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea, Western Turkey: Extensional basins above a continental transform. GSA Today 10(6), 3-7.
2. AKYUZ, H. S., ALTUNEL, E., KARABACAK, V. & YALCINER, C. C. 2006. Historical earthquake activity of the northern part of the Dead Sea Fault Zone, southern Turkey. Tectonophysics 426, 281-93.
3. AL-TARAZI, E. A. 1998. Regional seismic hazard study for the Eastern Mediterranean Trans-Jordan, Levant and Antakya and Sinai region. Journal of African Earth Sciences 28(3), 743-50.
4. ANGELIER, J. 1984. Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 5835-48.
5. ARPAT, E. & ŞAROǦLU, F. 1972. The East Anatolian Fault System; thoughts on its development. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey 78, 33-9.
6. BARKA, A. A. & KADINSKY-CADE, C. 1988. Strike-slip geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity. Tectonics 7 663-84.
7. BARTHOLOMEW, I. D., PETERS, J. M. & POWELL, C. M. 1993. Regional structural evolution of the North Sea: Oblique slip and reactivation of basement lineaments. In Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference (ed. J. R. Parker), pp. 1109-22. Geological Society of London.
8. BEN-AVRAHAM, Z. 1978. The structure and tectonic setting of the Levant continental margin, eastern Mediterranean. Tectonophysics 48, 313-31.
9. BEN-AVRAHAM, Z., TIBOR, G., LIMINOV, A. F., LEYBOV, M. B., IVANOV, M. K., TOKAREV, M. Y. & WOODSIDE, J. M. 1995. Structure and tectonics of the Eastern Cyprean Arc. Marine and Petroleum Geology 12, 263-71.
10. BOTT, M. H. P. 1959. The mechanics of oblique slip faulting. Geological Magazine 96, 109-17.
11. BOULTON, S. J. & ROBERTSON, A. H. F. 2007. The Miocene of the Hatay area, S Turkey: Transition from the Arabian passive margin to an underfilled foreland basin related to closure of the Tethys Ocean. Sedimentary Geology 198, 93-124.
12. BOULTON, S. J., ROBERTSON, A. H. F., ELLAM, R. M., SAFAK, Ü. & ÜNLÜGENÇ, U. C. 2007. Strontium isotopic and micropalaeontological dating used to redefine the stratigraphy of the Neotectonic Hatay Graben, southern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 16, 141-79.
13. BOULTON, S. J., ROBERTSON, A. H. F. & ÜNLÜGENÇ, Ü. C. 2006. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Cenozoic Hatay Graben, Southern Turkey: A two-phase, foreland basin then transtensional basin model. In Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (eds A. H. F. Robertson & D. Mountrakis), pp. 613-34. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 260.
14. BREW, G., LUPA, J., BARAZANGI, M., SAWAF, T., AL-IMAM, A. & ZAZA, T. 2001. Structure and tectonic development of the Ghab Basin and the Dead Sea Fault System, Syria. Journal of the Geological Society, London 158, 665-74.
15. CLIFTON, A. E., SCHLISCHE, R. W., WITHJACK, M. O. & ACKERMANN, R. V. 2000. Influence of rift obliquity on fault-population systematics: results of experimental clay models. Journal of Structural Geology 22, 1491-1509.
16. DE PAOLA, N., HOLDSWORTH, R. E., MCCAFFERY, K. J. W. & BARCHI, M. R. 2005. Partitioned transtension: An alternative to basin inversion models. Journal of Structural Geology 27(4), 607-25.
17. DE PAOLA, N., HOLDSWORTH, R. E. & MCCAFFERY. K. J. W. 2005. The influence of lithology and pre-existing structures on reservoir-scale faulting patterns in transtensional rift zones. Journal of the Geological Society, London 162, 471-80.
18. DEWEY, J. F. 2002. Transtension in arcs and orogens. International Geology Review 44, 402-39.
19. DEWEY, J. F. & ŞENGÖR, A. M. C. 1979. Aegean and surrounding regions: Complex multiple and continuum tectonics on a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin 90, 71-91.
20. DUBERTRET, L. 1955. Géologie des roches vertes du nordouest de la Syrie et du Hatay (Turquie). Notes et Mémoires de la Moyen Orient 6, 227 pp.
21. DUBOIS, A., ODONNE, F., MASSONNAT, G., LEBOURG, T. & FABRE, R. 2002. Analogue modelling of fault reactivation: Tectonic inversion and oblique remobilisation of grabens. Journal of Structural Geology 24, 1741-52.
22. FOSSEN, H. & TIKOFF, B. 1993. The deformation matrix for simultaneous simple shearing, pure shearing and volume change, and its application to transpression-transtension tectonics. Journal of Structural Geology 15, 413-22.
23. FREUND, R. 1965. A model of the structural development of Israel and adjacent areas since the Upper Cretaceous times. Geological Magazine 102, 189-205.
24. GARFUNKEL, Z. & BEN-AVRAHAM, Z. 1996. The structure of the Dead Sea Basin. Tectonophysics 255, 155-76.
25. GUIDOBONI, E., COMASTRI, A. & TRAINA, G. 1994. Catalogue of ancient earthquakes in the Mediterranean area up to the 10th Century. Instituto Nazionale Geofisica, Italy, 504 pp.
26. HARDENBERG, M. F. & ROBERTSON, A H. F. 2007. Sedimentology of the NW margin of the Arabian plate and the SW-NE-trending Nahr El-Kabir half-graben in northern Syria during the latest Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Sedimentary Geology 201, 231-66.
27. HARRISON, R. W., NEWELL, W. L., BATIHANLI, H., PANAYIDES, I., MCGEEHIN, J. P., MAHAN, S. A., ÖZHÜR, A., TSIOLAKIS, E. & NECDET, M. 2004. Tectonic framework and Late Cenozoic tectonic history of the northern part of Cyprus: Implications for earthquake hazards and regional tectonics. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23, 191-210.
28. JACKSON, J. 2001. Living with earthquakes: Know your faults. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 5, special issue 1, 5-123.
29. KAGAN, Y. Y. 2003. Accuracy of modern global earthquake catalogs. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 135, 173-209.
30. KEEP, M. & MCCLAY, K. R. 1997. Analogue modelling of multiphase rift systems. Tectonophysics 273, 239-70.
31. KEMPLER, D. & GARFUNKEL, Z. 1994. Structure and kinematics in the northeastern Mediterranean: A study of an irregular plate boundary. Tectonophysics 234, 19-32.
32. KISSEL, C., LAJ, C., POISSON, A. & GÖRÜR, N. 2003. Palaeomagnetic reconstruction of the Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Tectonophysics 362, 199-217.
33. KRANTZ, R. W. 1991. Measurements of friction coefficients and cohesion for faulting and fault reactivation in laboratory model using sand and sand mixtures. Tectonophysics 188, 203-7.
34. LE PICHON, X. & ANGELIER, J. 1979. The Aegean Arc and trench system: A key to the neotectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean area. Tectonophysics 60, 1-42.
35. LIESA, C. L. & LISLE, R. J. 2004. Reliability of methods to separate stress tensors from heterogeneous fault-slip data. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 559-72.
36. LORT, J. M. 1971. The tectonics of the eastern Mediterranean: A geophysical review. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 9 189-216.
37. LOVELOCK, P. E. R. 1984. A review of the tectonics of the northern Middle East region. Geological Magazine 121, 577-87.
38. LYBERIS, N. 1988. Tectonic evolution ofthe Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. Tectonophysics 153, 209-20.
39. LYBERIS, N., YÜRÜR, T., CHOROWITCZ, J., KASAPOǦLU, E. & GÜNDOǦDU, N. 1992. The East Anatolian fault: An oblique collisional belt. Tectonophysics 204, 1-15.
40. MART, Y. & RABINOWITZ, P. D. 1986. The northern Red Sea and the Dead Sea Rift. Tectonophysics 124, 85-113.
41. MCCLAY, K. R. & WHITE, M. J. 1995. Analogue modelling of orthogonal and oblique rifting. Marine and Petroleum Geology 12 147-51.
42. MCCLUSKY, S., BALASSANIAN, S., BARKA, A., DEMIR, C., ERGINTAV, S., GURKAN, O., HAMBURGER, M., HURST, K., KAHLE, H., KASTENS, K., KEKELIDZE, G., KING, R., KOTZEV, V, LENK, O., MAHMOUD, S., MISHIN, A., NADARIYA, M., OUZOUNIS, A., PARADISSIS, D., PETER, Y., PRILEPIN, M., REILINGER, R., SANLI, I., SEEGER, H., TEALEB, A., TOKSOZ, M. N. & VEIS, G. 2000. Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth 105(B3), 5695-719.
43. MCKENZIE, D. P. 1978. Active tectonism in the Alpine-Himalayan belt: The Aegean Sea and the surrounding regions (tectonics of the Aegean region). Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 55, 217-54.
44. MCNEILL, L. C., MILLE, A., MINSHULL, T. A., BULL, J. M., KENYON, N. H. & IVANOV, M. 2004. Extension of the North Anatolian Fault into the North Aegean Trough: Evidence for transtension, strain partitioning, and analogues for Sea of Marmara basin models. Tectonics 23(2), TC2016. (doi:10.1029/2002TC001490), 12 pp.
45. MORRIS, A., ANDERSON, M. W., INWOOD, J. & ROBERTSON, A. H. F. 2006. Palaeomagnetic insights into the evolution of the Neotethyan oceanic crust in the eastern Mediterranean. In Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (eds A. H. F. Robertson & D. Mountrakis), pp. 351-72. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 260.
46. MUEHLBERGER, R. W. 1981. The splintering of the Dead Sea Fault Zone in Turkey. Hacetepe University Earth Sciences 8, 123-30.
47. NEMCOK, M. & LISLE, R. J. 1995. A stress inversion procedure for polyphase fault/slip data sets. Journal of Structural Geology 17(10), 1445-53.
48. OUDMAYER, B. C. & DEJAGER, J. 1993. Fault reactivation and strike-slip in the southern North Sea. In Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference (ed. J. R. Parker), pp. 1109-22. Geological Society of London.
49. ÖVER, S., KAVAK, K. Ş., BELLIER, O. & ÖZDEN, S. 2004. Is the Amik Basin SE Turkey a triple junction area? Analyses of SPOT XS imagery and seismicity. International Journal of Remote Sensing 25(19), 3857-72.
50. ÖVER, S., ÜNLÜGENÇ, U. C. & BELLIER, O. 2002. Quaternary stress regime change in the Hatay region, SE Turkey. Geophysical Journal International 148, 649-62.
51. PERINÇEK, D. & ÇEMEN, I. 1990. The structural relationship between the East Anatolian and Dead Sea fault zones in Southeastern Turkey. Tectonophysics 172, 331-40.
52. PIŞKIN, O., DELALOYE, M., SELÇUK, H. & WAGNER, J. 1986. Guide to Hatay Geology, SE Turkey. Oflioliti 11, 87-104.
53. RAMANI, M. V. & TIKOFF, B. 2002. Physical models of transtensional folding. Geology 30(6), 523-6.
54. RECHES, Z. & DIETERICH, J. H. 1983. Faulting of rocks in three-dimensional strain fields: I. Failure of rocks in polyaxial, servo-control experiments. Tectonophysics 95, 111-32.
55. ROBERTSON, A. H. F. 1998. Mesozoic-Tertiary tectonic evolution of the easternmost Mediterranean area; integration of marine and land evidence. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, vol. 160 (eds A. H. F. Robertson, K. C. Emeis, K. C. Richter & A. Camerlenghi), pp. 723-82. College Station, Texas.
56. ROBERTSON, A. H. F., KIDD, R. B., IVANOV, M. K., LIMONOV, A. F., WOODSIDE, J. M., GALINDOZALDIVAR, J. & NIETO, L. 1995. Eratosthenes Seamount - Collisional processes in the Easternmost Mediterranean in relationship to the Plio-Quaternary uplift of Southern Cyprus. Terra Nova 7(2), 254-64.
57. ROJAY, B., HEIMANN, A. & TOPRAK, V. 2001. Neotectonic and volcanic characteristics of the Karasu fault zone Anatolia, Turkey: The transition zone between the Dead Sea transform and the East Anatolian fault zone. Geodinamica Acta 14, 197-212.
58. ŞENGÖR, A. M. C., GÖRÜR, N. & ŞAROǦLU, F. 1985. Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In Strike-Slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and Sedimentation (eds K. T. Biddle & N. Christie-Blick), pp. 227-64. Society of Economic Palaeontology and Mineralogy, Special Publication no. 37.
59. SHAN, Y., LI, Z. & LIN, G. 2004. A stress inversion procedure for automatic recognition of polyphase fault/slip data sets. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 919-25.
60. TATAR, O., PIPER, J. D. A., GÜRSOY, H., HEIMANN, A. & KOÇBULUT, F. 2004. Neotectonic deformation in the transition zone between the Dead Sea Transform and the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Southern Turkey: A palaeomagnetic study of the Karasu Rift volcanism. Tectonophysics 385, 17-43.
61. TEN VEEN, J. H. & KLEINSPEHN, K. L. 2002. Geodynamics along an increasingly curved convergent plate margin: Late Miocene-Pleistocene Rhodes, Greece. Tectonics 21, 1017-38.
62. THEUNISSEN, K., KLERK, J., MELNIKOV, A. & MRUMA, A. 1996. Mechanisms of inheritance of rift faulting in the western branch of the East African Rift, Tanzania. Tectonics 15(4), 776-90.
63. TINKLER, C., WAGNER, J. J., DELALOYE, M. & SELÇUK, H. 1981. Tectonic history of the Hatay Ophiolite South Turkey and their relationship with the Dead Sea rift. Tectonophysics 72, 23-41.
64. TRON, V. & BRUN, J.-P. 1991. Experiments on oblique rifting in brittle-ductile systems. Tectonophysics 188, 71-84.
65. UMHOEFER, P. J. & STONE, K. A. 1996. Description and kinematics of the SE Loreto basin fault array, Baja California Sur, Mexico: A positive field test of obliquerift models. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 595-614.
66. UNRUH, J., HUMPHREY, J. & BARRON, A. 2003. Transtensional model for the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system, eastern California. Geology 31(4), 327-30.
67. VIDAL, N., AVAREZ-MARRON, J. & KLAESCHEN, D. 2000. The structure of the Africa-Anatolia plate boundary in the eastern Mediterranean. Tectonics 19, 723-39.
68. WALDRON, J. F. 2005. Extensional fault arrays in strike-slip and transtension. Journal of Structural Geology 27, 23-34.
69. WESTAWAY, R. 1994. Present day kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 12071-90.
70. WESTAWAY, R. & ARGER, J. 1998. The Gölbaşi basin, southeastern Turkey: A complex discontinuity in a major strike-slip zone. Journal of the Geological Society, London 153, 729-43.
71. WITHJACK, M. O. & JAMIESON, W. R. 1986. Deformation produced by oblique rifting. Tectonophysics 126, 99-124.
72. YÜRÜR, T. & CHOROWICS, J. 1998. Recent volcanism, tectonics and plate kinematics near the junction of the African, Arabian and Anatolian plates in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 85, 1-15.