Which women default from follow-up cervical cytology tests? A cohort study within the TOMBOLA trial

Cytopathology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 150-160

  Sharp, Linda ^a   Cotton, S ^b   Thornton, A ^b   Gray, N ^b   Whynes, Dave ^c   Smart, Louise ^b,d   Waugh, Norman ^b   Duncan, Ian ^e,g   Cruickshank, Maggie ^b   Little, Julian ^f   Murray, Graeme ^b   Parkin, David ^b   Walker, Eric ^b   Avis, Mark ^c   Chilvers, Claire ^c   Fielding, Katherine ^c   Hammond, Rob ^c   Jenkins, David ^c   Johnson, Jane ^c   Neal, Keith ^c   Russell, Ian ^c,h   Seth, Rashmi ^c   Robertson, Alistair ^g   Walker, Leslie ⁱ   more..

^a NATIONAL CANCER REGISTRY IRELAND   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^d ABERDEEN ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^e NINEWELLS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^g UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^h BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Borderline nuclear abnormalities; Cytological surveillance; Default; Low grade cervical cytology; Mild dyskaryosis

Indexed keywords

CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTRACEPTION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOTHER; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; UTERINE CERVIX CYTOLOGY;

EID: 84861124138     PISSN: 09565507     EISSN: 13652303     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00848.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. TOMBOLA Group. Cytological surveillance compared with immediate referral for colposcopy in management of women with low grade cervical abnormalities: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009;339:b2546.
2. Quinlivan J, Petersen RW, Tan J. Demographic variables routinely collected at colposcopic examination do not predict who will default from conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 2005;45:48-51.
3. Flannelly G, Anderson D, Kitchener H et al. Management of women with mild and moderate cervical dyskaryosis. BMJ 1994;308:1399-403.
4. Hammond R. Management of women with smears showing mild dyskaryosis. new studies justify immediate referral for colposcopy. BMJ 1994;308:1383-4.
5. Flannelly G, Kitchener H. Every woman with an abnormal cervical smear should be referred for treatment: debate. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1995;38:585-91.
6. Shafi MI, Luesley DM, Jordan JA et al. Randomised trial of immediate versus deferred treatment strategies for the management of minor cervical cytological abnormalities. BJOG 1997;104:590-4.
7. Kyrgiou M, Koliopoulos G, Martin-Hirsch P et al. Management of minor cervical cytological abnormalities: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev 2007;33:514-20.
8. Cruickshank ME, Buchan S, Melvin WT, Kitchener HC. Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 detection in the management of mild dyskaryosis. BJOG 1999;106:969-76.
9. Lytwyn A, Sellors JW, Mahony JB et al. Comparison of human papillomavirus DNA testing and repeat papanicolaou test in women with low-grade cervical cytologic abnormalities: a randomized trial. Can Med Assoc J 2000;163:701-7.
10. ALTS Group. Results of a randomized trial on the management of cytology interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1383-92.
11. ALTS Group. A randomized trial on the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology interpretations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1393-400.
12. Cuzick J, Szarewski A, Cubie H et al. Management of women who test positive for high-risk types of human papillomavirus: the HART study. Lancet 2003;362:1871-6.
13. Lytwyn A, Sellors JW, Mahony JB et al. Adjunctive human papillomavirus testing in the 2-year follow-up of women with low-grade cervical cytologic abnormalities. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:1169-75.
14. Peterson N, Han J, Freund K. Inadequate follow-up for abnormal pap smears in an urban population. J Natl Med Assoc 2003;95:825-32.
15. Kitchener HC, Burns S, Nelson L et al. A randomised controlled trial of cytological surveillance versus patient choice between surveillance and colposcopy in managing mildly abnormal cervical smears. BJOG 2004;111:63-70.
16. Moss S, Gray A, Legood R et al. Effect of testing for human papillomavirus as a triage during screening for cervical cancer: observational before and after study. BMJ 2006;332:83-5.
17. Jordan J, Arbyn M, Martin-Hirsch P et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening: recommendations for clinical management of abnormal cervical cytology, part 1. Cytopathology 2008;19:342-54.
18. Cotton SC, Sharp L, Little J et al. Trial of management of borderline and other low-grade abnormal smears (TOMBOLA): trial design. Contemp Clin Trials 2006;27:449-71.
19. Duncan ID. Guidelines for Clinical Practice and Programme Management. Sheffield: NHSCSP Publications; 1997.
20. NHS Cervical Screening Programme. Colposcopy and Programme Management. Guidelines for the NHS Cervical Screening Programme. Sheffield: NHSCSP Publication No 20. April; 2004.
21. Moss SM, Gray A, Marteau T et al. Evaluation of HPV/LBC Cervical Screening Pilot Studies: Summary of Report to the Department of Health (Revised October 2004). Sheffield: NHSCSP; 2004.
22. ISD Scotland. Scottish Cervical Screening Programme Statistics 2008/2009. Available at: [Accessed April 6, 2010].
23. The Health and Social Care Information Centre. Cervical Screening Programme England 2008-09. Available at: [Accessed April 6, 2010].
24. Moser K, Patnick J, Beral V. Inequalities in reported use of breast and cervical screening in Great Britain: analysis of cross sectional survey data. BMJ 2009;338:b2025.
25. von Wagner C, Knight K, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Functional health literacy and health-promoting behaviour in a national sample of British adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:1086-90.
26. Lindau ST, Basu A, Leitsch SA. Health literacy as a predictor of follow-up after an abnormal pap smear: a prospective study. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:829-34.
27. Wallston KA, Wallston BS, DeVellis R. Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Educ Monogr 1978;6:160-70.
28. Robinson S, Lader D. Smoking and Drinking Among Adults, 2007. Newport: Office for National Statistics; 2007.
29. Butler CC, Pill R, Stott NC. Qualitative study of patients' perceptions of doctors' advice to quit smoking: implications for opportunistic health promotion. BMJ 1998;316:1878-81.
30. Cleland J, Thomas M, Pinnock H. The views and attitudes of general practitioners and smokers toward provision of smoking cessation advice: a qualitative study. Prim Care Respir J 2004;13:144-8.
31. Guassora AD, Gannik D. Developing and maintaining patients' trust during general practice consultations: the case of smoking cessation advice. Patient Educ Couns 2010;78:46-52.
32. Castellsague X, Munoz N. Chapter 3: cofactors in human papillomavirus carcinogenesis - role of parity, oral contraceptives, and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2003;31:20-8.
33. Guarisi R, Sarian LO, Hammes LS et al. Smoking worsens the prognosis of mild abnormalities in cervical cytology. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009;88:514-20.
34. Khanna N, Phillips M. Adherence to care plan in women with abnormal papanicolaou smears: a review of barriers and interventions. J Am Board Fam Pract 2001;14:123-30.
35. Eggleston KS, Coker AL, Das IP, Cordray ST, Luchok KJ. Understanding barriers for adherence to follow-up care for abnormal pap tests. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007;16:311-30.
36. Woolley C, Philips Z, Whynes DK et al. United Kingdom cervical cancer screening and the costs of time and travel. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2007;23:232-9.
37. Sanders G, Craddock C, Wagstaff I. Factors influencing default at a hospital colposcopy clinic. Qual Health Care 1992;1:236-40.
38. Usha Kiran T, Jayawickrama N. Who are the women who default from colposcopy clinics? J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;22:537-9.
39. Balasubramani L, Orbell S, Hagger M, Brown V, Tidy J. Can default rates in colposcopy really be reduced? BJOG 2008;115:403-8.
40. Lester H, Wilson S. Is default from colposcopy a problem, and if so what can we do? A systematic review of the literature Br J Gen Pract 1999;49:223-9.
41. Dunn P, Redman C, Todd R et al. O-10. Is a mobile phone short message service (SMS) reminder for colposcopy appointments an acceptable strategy for patients due to attend colposcopy? The patient's view. BSCCP, Book of Abstracts 2009. Dublin: BSCCP; 2009.