Effects of novel reactive toughening agent on thermal stability of epoxy resin

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Volumn 108, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 685-693

  Blanco, I ^a   Oliveri, L ^a   Cicala, G ^a   Recca, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Copolyethersulphone; DTA TG; Epoxy resin; Thermal stability; Toughener

Indexed keywords

CHAR OXIDATION; CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETER; COPOLYETHERSULPHONE; CURING AGENTS; DEGRADATION RATE; DIGLYCIDYL ETHER OF BISPHENOL; DIGLYCIDYL ETHER OF BISPHENOL-A; DTA-TG; EPOXY SYSTEMS; INITIAL DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURES; OXIDATIVE ENVIRONMENT; P-AMINOPHENOL; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC; TOUGHENER; TOUGHENING AGENTS;

DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; EPOXY RESINS; ETHERS; PHENOLS; RESINS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY;

TOUGHENING;

EID: 84860746184     PISSN: 13886150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-011-2095-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (36)

1. Hartman SJ. The epoxy resin formulators training manual. New York: The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.; 1984. p. 1.
2. Pham HQ, Marks MJ. Epoxy resins. Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. New York: Wiley; 2005. p. 678-804.
3. Kandola BK, Biswas B, Price D, Horrocks AR. Studies on the effect of different levels of toughener and flame retardants on thermal stability of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab. 2010;95:144-52.
4. Hamerton I. Recent developments in epoxy resins. Report no. 91. England: Rapra Technology Ltd. ISBN 1-85957-083-6; 1996.
5. Pearson RA, Yee AF. Toughening mechanisms in elastomermodified epoxies. Part 3. The effect of cross-link density. J Mater Sci. 1989;24(7):2571-80.
6. Chen YS, Lee JS, Yu TL, Chen JC, Chen WY, Cheng MC. The curing reaction of poly(ether-sulfone)-modified epoxy resin. Macromol Chem Phys. 1995;196(11):3447-58.
7. MacKinnon AJ, Jenkins SD, McGrail PT, Pethrick RA. Cure and physical properties of thermoplastic modified epoxy resins based on polyethersulfone. J Appl Polym Sci. 1995;58(13):2345-55.
8. Recker HG, Allspach T, Altstadt V, Folda T, Gerth D, Heckmann W, Itteman P, Tesch H, Weber T. Toughened thermosets for damage tolerant carbon fiber reinforced composites. In: 34th SAMPE symposium; 1989. p. 747.
9. Hedrick JL, Yilgor I, Wilkes GL, McGrath JE. Chemical modification of matrix resin networks with engineering thermoplastics. Polym Bull. 1985;13:201-8.
10. Hourston DJ, Lane JM, Zhang HX. Toughening of epoxy resins with thermoplastics: 3. An investigation into the effects of composition on the properties of epoxy resin blends. Polym Int. 1997;42:349-55. (Pubitemid 127610126)
11. McGrail PT. Polyaromatics. Polym Int. 1996;41(2):103-21.
12. Kim BS, Chiba T, Inoue T. Morphology development via reaction- induced phase separation in epoxy/poly(ether sulfone) blends: Morphology control using poly(ether sulfone) with functional end-groups. Polymer. 1995;36(1):43-7.
13. Hickner MA, Gassemi H, Kim YS, Einsla BR, McGrath E. Alternative polymer systems for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). J Chem Rev. 2004;104(10):4587-612.
14. Yee AF, Du J, Thouless MD. Toughening of epoxies. In: Paul DR, Bucknall CB, editors. Polymer blends. New York: Wiley; 2000.
15. Blanco I, Cicala G, Lo Faro C, Recca A. Improvement of thermomechanical properties of a DGEBS/DDS system blended with a novel thermoplastic copolymer by realization of a semi-IPN network. J Appl Polym Sci. 2003;88(13):3021-5. (Pubitemid 36502777)
16. Blanco I, Cicala G, Motta O, Recca A. Influence of a selected hardener on the phase separation in epoxy/thermoplastic polymer blends. J Appl Polym Sci. 2004;94(1):361-71. (Pubitemid 39198331)
17. McGrail PT, Sefton MS, Peacock JA, Almen GR, Wilkinson SP. Thermoset and polyarylsulfone resin system that forms an interpenetrating network. United States Patent 5,434,224; 1995.
18. Puglisi C, Samperi F, Cicala G, Recca A, Restuccia CL. Combined MALDI-TOF MS and NMR characterization of copoly( arylen ether sulphone)s. Polymer. 2006;47(6):1861-74. (Pubitemid 43344359)
19. Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, La Spina R, Restuccia CL. Thermal and rheological behaviour of some random aromatic polyethersulfone/ polyetherethersulfone copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab. 2006;91(4):924-30. (Pubitemid 43052762)
20. Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, Recca A, Restuccia CL. Thermal and rheological behaviours of some random aromatic aminoended polyethersulfone/ polyetherethersulfone copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab. 2006;91(12):3230-6. (Pubitemid 44894277)
21. Abate L, Blanco I, Pappalardo A, Pollicino A. A kinetic study of the thermal and oxidative degradations of a new poly(arylene) ether copolymer. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2001;65:373-80. (Pubitemid 32878145)
22. Abate L, Blanco I, Motta O, Pollicino A, Recca A. The isothermal degradation of some polyetherketones: A comparative kinetic study between long-term and short-term experiments. Polym Degrad Stab. 2002;75:465-71. (Pubitemid 34100049)
23. Abate L, Blanco I, Pollicino A, Recca A. Determination of degradation apparent activation energy values of polymers: Regression of kinetic parameters derived from TG data. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2002;70:63-73. (Pubitemid 35251090)
24. Abate L, Blanco I, Orestano A, Pollicino A, Recca A. Evaluation of the influence of various (ether, ketone and sulfone) groups on the apparent activation energy values of polymer degradation. Polym Degrad Stab. 2003;80:333-8.
25. Abate L, Blanco I, Orestano A, Pollicino A, Recca A. Kinetics of the isothermal degradation of model polymers containing ether, ketone and sulfone groups. Polym Degrad Stab. 2005;87:271-8. (Pubitemid 40154918)
26. Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, Recca G, Scamporrino A. The influence of chain-ends on the thermal and rheological properties of some 40/60 PES/PEES copolymers. Polym Eng Sci. 2009;49:1477-83.
27. Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, Mamo A, Recca G, Scamporrino A. The influence of chain rigidity on the thermal properties of some novel random copolyethersulfones. Polym Degrad Stab. 2010;95:798-802.
28. Shimadzu DTG-60/60H Instruction manual. Shimadzu Corporation, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division. Kyoto, Japan; 2000.
29. Blanco I, Abate L, Bottino FA, Bottino P, Chiacchio MA. Thermal degradation of differently substituted cyclopentyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (CP-POSS) nanoparticles. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011. doi:10.1007/s10973-011-1848-3.
30. Blanco I, Abate L, Bottino FA, Bottino P. Hepta isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (hib-POSS): A thermal degradation study. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011. doi:10.1007/s10973- 011-2050-3.
31. Grassie N, Guy MI, Tennent NH. Degradation of epoxy polymers: Part 4-thermal degradation of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether cured with ethylene diamine. Polym Degrad Stab. 1986;14(2):125-37. (Pubitemid 16507576)
32. 3. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2001;66:209-21.
33. López J, Rico M, Montero B, Díez J, Ramírez C. Polymer blends based on an epoxy-amine thermoset and a thermoplastic effect of thermoplastic on cure reaction and thermal stability of the system. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;95(2):369-76.
34. Tan SG, Chow WS. Thermal properties of anhydride-cured biobased epoxy blends. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;101:1051-8.
35. Rico M, López J, Bouza R, Bellas R. Thermal behaviour of blends based on a thermoplastic-modified epoxy resin with a crosslinking density variation. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;105: 599-606.
36. Blanco I, Abate L, Antonelli ML. The regression of isothermal thermogravimetric data to evaluate degradation Ea values of polymers: A comparison with literature methods and an evaluation of lifetime prediction reliability. Polym Degrad Stab. 2011;96:1947-54.