A geographical model of radio-frequency power density around mobile phone masts

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 426, Issue , 2012, Pages 233-243

  Briggs, David ^a   Beale, Linda ^b   Bennett, James ^a   Toledano, Mireille B ^a   de Hoogh, Kees ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b ESRI   (United States)

Author keywords

Base stations; EMF; Exposure modelling; Geographical information systems; Mobile phone masts

Indexed keywords

CALIBRATED MODEL; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES; EXPOSURE ESTIMATION; EXPOSURE MODELLING; FIELD DATA; FIELD VALIDATION; GAUSSIANS; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS; GEOGRAPHICAL MODELS; HEALTH EFFECTS; INDEPENDENT SET; MODEL CALIBRATION; MODEL PERFORMANCE; PARAMETER SETTING; PATH LOSS MODELS; PATH-LOSS MODEL; POWER DENSITIES; POWER OUT PUT; PROPAGATION ENVIRONMENT; PROPAGATION PROCESS; PUBLIC CONCERN; RADIO-FREQUENCY POWER; RELATIVE RISKS; RURAL LOCATIONS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; STATISTICAL POWER; TOTAL POWER; URBAN AND RURAL AREAS; URBAN AREAS; VISIBILITY FUNCTION;

ANTENNAS; BASE STATIONS; CELLULAR TELEPHONES; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ESTIMATION; HEALTH RISKS; MOBILE PHONES; RADIATION EFFECTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL AREAS;

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GIS; HEALTH RISK; MOBILE COMMUNICATION; MODELING; PUBLIC HEALTH;

ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MOBILE PHONE; MOBILE PHONE MAST; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION FIELD; RADIOFREQUENCY POWER DENSITY; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; RURAL AREA; URBAN AREA; VALIDITY;

CELLULAR PHONE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIO WAVES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84860666076     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.066     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Abhayawardhana V.S., Wassell I.J., Crosby D., Sellars M.P., Brown M.G. Comparison of empirical propagation path loss models for fixed wireless access systems. VTC 2005-Spring. 2005 IEEE 61st 2005, 1:73-77. 10.1109/VETECS.2005.1543252.
2. Ahlbom A., Green A., Kheifets L., Savitz D., Swerdlow A. (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Standing Committee on Epidemiology) Epidemiology of health effects of radiofrequency exposure. Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112:1741-1754.
3. Bürgi A., Theis G., Siegenthaler A., Röösli M. Exposure modeling of high-frequency electromagnetic fields. J Expo Sci Envior Epidemiol 2008, 18:183-191.
4. Bürgi A., Frei P., Theis G., Mohler E., Braun-Fahrländer C., Fröhlich J., et al. A model for radiofrequency electromagnetic field predictions at outdoor and indoor locations in the context of epidemiological research. Bioelectromagnetics 2010, 3:226-236.
5. Elliott P., Toledano M.B., Bennett J., Beale L., de Hoogh K., Best N., et al. Mobile phone base stations and early childhood cancers: case-control study. BMJ 2010, 340:c3077.
6. Erceg V., Greenstein L.J., Tjandra S.Y., Parkoff S.R., Gupta A., Kulic B., et al. An empirically based path loss model for wireless channels in suburban environments. IEEE J Sel Area Commun 1999, 17:1205-1211.
7. Feychting M., Ahlbom A., Kheifets L. EMF and health. Ann Rev Publ Health 2005, 26:165-189.
8. Frei P., Mohler E., Burgi A., Fröhlich J., Neubauer G., Braun-Fahrländer C., et al. A prediction model for personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Sci Tot Environ 2009, 408:102-108.
9. Hata M. Empirical formula for propagation loss in land mobile radio services. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 1980, 29:317-325.
10. Ikegami F., Yoshida S., Umehira M. Propagation factors controlling mean field strength on urban streets. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 1984, 32(8):822-829.
11. Iskander M.F., Yun Z. Propagation prediction models for wireless communication systems. IEEE Trans Microw Theory 2002, 50:662-675.
12. Kishk A.A. Fundamentals of antennas. Antennas for base stations in wireless communications 2009, 1-30. McGraw Hill, New York. Z. Ning Chen, K.-M. Luk (Eds.).
13. Kürner T. Propagation models for macro-cells. COST 231 Final Report 1999, 134-148. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. E. Damosso, L.M. Correia (Eds.).
14. Mann S.M., Cooper T.G., Allen S.G., Blackwell R.P., Lowe A.R. Exposure to radio waves near mobile phone base stations. NRPB-R321 2000, National Radiological Protection Board, Didcot.
15. Michaelides C.P., Nix A.R. Accurate high-speed urban field strength predictions using a new hybrid statistical/deterministic modelling technique. 54th Vehicular Technology Conference 2001 (VTC 2001-Fall) 2001, 2:1088-1092.
16. Siegrist M., Earle T.C., Gutscher H., Keller C. Perception of mobile phone and base station risks. Risk Anal 2005, 25:1253-1264.
17. Viel J.F., Clerc S., Barrera C., Rymzhanova R., Moissonnier M., Hours M., et al. Residential exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phone base stations, and broadcast transmitters: a population-based survey with personal meter. Occupat Environ Med 2010, 66(8):550-556.
18. Walfisch J., Bertoni H.L. A theoretical model of UHF propagation in urban environments. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 1988, 36(12):1788-1796.
19. WHO Electromagnetic fields and public health. Factsheet No 304 2006.