Giardia and Cryptosporidium on Dairy Farms and the Role these Farms May Play in Contaminating Water Sources in Prince Edward Island, Canada

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 668-673

  Budu Amoako, E ^a,c   Greenwood, S J ^a,b   Dixon, B R ^b   Barkema, H W ^d   McClure, J T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND   (Canada)

^b Biofoodtech   (Canada)

^c HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Dairy; Genotyping; Giardia; Water; Zoonotic

Indexed keywords

GROUND WATER; PROTOZOAL DNA;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; CANADA; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; CHEMISTRY; CLASSIFICATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DAIRYING; FECES; FEMALE; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA; GIARDIASIS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PARASITOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DAIRYING; DNA, PROTOZOAN; FECES; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA; GIARDIASIS; GROUNDWATER; PARASITE EGG COUNT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND;

ANIMALIA; BOS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ANDERSONI; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM BOVIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; GIARDIA; GIARDIA INTESTINALIS;

EID: 84860587970     PISSN: 08916640     EISSN: 19391676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00930.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Fayer R. Cryptosporidium: A water-borne zoonotic parasite. Vet Parasitol 2004;126:37-56.
2. Thompson RC. The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and giardiasis. Vet Parasitol 2004;126:15-35.
3. Bradford SA, Schijven J. Release of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from dairy calf manure: Impact of solution salinity. Environ Sci Technol 2002;36:3916-3923.
4. Wade SE, Mohammed HO, Schaaf SL. Epidemiologic study of Giardia sp. infection in dairy cattle in southeastern New York State. Vet Parasitol 2000;89:11-21.
5. Keeley A, Faulkner BR. Influence of land use and watershed characteristics on protozoa contamination in a potential drinking water resources reservoir. Water Res 2008;42:2803-2813.
6. Santin M, Trout JM, Xiao L, et al. Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves. Vet Parasitol 2004;122:103-117.
7. O'Handley RM, Olson ME, Fraser D, et al. Prevalence and genotypic characterization of Giardia in dairy calves from Western Australia and Western Canada. Vet Parasitol 2000;90:193-200.
8. Uehlinger FD, Barkema HW, Dixon BR, et al. Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in a veterinary college bovine teaching herd. Vet Parasitol 2006;142:231-237.
9. Coklin T, Farber JM, Parrington L, et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada. Vet Parasitol 2007;150:297-305.
10. Kim CH, Healey MC. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts following cryopreservation. J Parasitol 2001;87:1194-1196.
11. O'Handley RM, Cockwill C, McAllister TA, et al. Duration of naturally acquired giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves and their association with diarrhea. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:391-396.
12. USEPA. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. EPA 815-R-03-XXX. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Technical Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2003.
13. Farias EWC, Gamba RC, Pellizari VH. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. occysts in raw sewage and creek water in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2002;33:41-43.
14. Nichols RAB, Campbell BM, Smith HV. Molecular fingerprinting of Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated during water monitoring. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006;72:5428-5435.
15. Castro-Hermida JA, Garcia-Presedo I, Almeida A, et al. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in surface water: A health risk for humans and animals. Water Res 2009;43:4133-4142.
16. Appelbee AJ, Frederick LM, Heitman TL, et al. Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from beef calves in Alberta, Canada. Vet Parasitol 2003;112:289-294.
17. Guselle NJ, Appelbee AJ, Olson ME. Biology of Cryptosporidium parvum in pigs: From weaning to market. Vet Parasitol 2003;113:7-18.
18. Fayer R, Santin M, Trout JM, et al. Prevalence of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium found in 1-2-year-old dairy cattle in the eastern United States. Vet Parasitol 2006;135:105-112.
19. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, et al. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 1990;215:403-410.
20. Hall TA. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1999;41:95-98.
21. Olson ME, Thorlakson CL, Deselliers L, et al. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Canadian farm animals. Vet Parasitol 1997;68:375-381.
22. Starkey SR, Kimber KR, Wade SE, et al. Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection on dairy farms in a New York State watershed. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:4229-4236.
23. Coklin T, Uehlinger FD, Farber JM, et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves from 11 farms in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Vet Parasitol 2009;160:323-326.
24. Feng Y, Ortega Y, He G, et al. Wide geographic distribution of Cryptosporidium bovis and the deer-like genotype in bovines. Vet Parasitol 2007;144:1-9.
25. Fayer R, Santin M, Trout JM. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in mature dairy cattle on farms in eastern United States compared with younger cattle from the same location. Vet Parasitol 2007;145:260-266.
26. Uehlinger FD, Greenwood SJ, McClure JT, et al. Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in dairy and beef cattle on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Can Vet J 2011;52:967-972.
27. Trout JM, Santin M, Greiner E, et al. Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves. Vet Parasitol 2005;130:177-183.
28. Trout JM, Santin M, Greiner EC, et al. Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in 1-2 year old dairy cattle. Vet Parasitol 2006;140:217-222.
29. Hamnes IS, Gjerde B, Robertson L. Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway. Vet Parasitol 2006;140:204-216.
30. Trout J, Santin M, Greiner E, et al. Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves. Vet Parasitol 2004;124:179-186.
31. Ong C, Moorehead W, Ross A, et al. Studies of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in two adjacent watersheds. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62:2798-2805.
32. Xiao L, Fayer R, Ryan U, et al. Cryptosporidium taxonomy: Recent advances and implications for public health. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004;17:72-79.
33. Hancock CM, Rose JB, Callahan M. Cryptosporidium and Giardia in US groundwater. J Am Water Works 1998;90:58-61.
34. Hancock CM, Rose JB, Callahan M. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in US groundwaters. In: Fricker CR, Clancy JL, Rochelle PA, eds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Waterborne Cryptosporidium, March 1997, Newport Beach, CA. Denver, CO: AWWA; 1997.
35. Morris B. Pathogens and ground water. British Geological Survey. Available at:.
36. Wade SE, Mohammed HO, Schaaf SL. Prevalence of Giardia sp. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni (syn. C. muris) [correction of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris (C. andersoni)] in 109 dairy herds in five counties of southeastern New York. Vet Parasitol 2000;93:1-11.
37. Duranti A, Caccio SM, Pozio E, et al. Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in cattle. Zoonoses Public Health 2009;56:176-182.
38. Ruest N, Faubert GM, Couture Y. Prevalence and geographical distribution of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy farms in Quebec. Can Vet J 1998;39:697-700.