Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection on dairy farms in a New York State watershed

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 89, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 4229-4236

  Starkey, S R ^a   Kimber, K R ^a   Wade, S E ^a   Schaaf, S L ^a   White, M E ^a   Mohammed, H O ^a  

^a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics   (United States)

Author keywords

Cross sectional; Cryptosporidium; Prevalence; Risk factor

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM BOVIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM;

EID: 33750578701     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72468-7     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Current, W. L., N. C. Reese, J. V. Ernst, W. S. Bailey, M. B. Heyman, and W. M. Weinstein. 1983. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient persons. Studies of an outbreak and experimental transmission. N. Engl. J. Med. 308:1252-1257.
2. Fayer, R., U. Morgan, and S. J. Upton. 2000. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: Transmission, detection and identification. Int. J. Parasitol. 30:1305-1322.
3. Fayer, R., J. M. Trout, E. J. Lewis, L. Xiao, A. Lal, M. C. Jenkins, and T. K. Graczyk. 2002. Temporal variability of Cryptosporidium in the Chesapeake Bay. Parasitol. Res. 88:998-1003.
4. Fayer, R., M. Santin, and L. Xiao. 2005. Cryptosporidium bovis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus). J. Parasitol. 91:624-629.
5. Fleiss, J. L. 1981. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
6. Garber, L. P., M. D. Salman, H. S. Hurd, T. Keefe, and J. L. Schlater. 1994. Potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 205:86-91.
7. Glaberman, S., J. E. Moore, C. J. Lowery, R. M. Chalmers, I. Sulaiman, K. Elwin, P. J. Rooney, B. C. Millar, J. S. G. Dooley, A. A. Lal, and L. Xiao. 2002. Three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks. Northern Ireland. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:631-633.
8. Hunter, P. R., and R. C. Thompson. 2005. The zoonotic transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Int. J. Parasitol. 35:1181-1190.
9. Kumar, S., K. Tamura, and M. Nei. 2004. MEGA3: Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief. Bioinform. 5:150-163.
10. Mac Kenzie, W. R., N. J. Hoxie, M. E. Proctor, M. S. Gradus, K. A. Blair, D. E. Peterson, J. J. Kazmierczak, D. G. Addiss, K. R. Fox, J. B. Rose, and J. P. Davis. 1994. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 331:161-167.
11. Maggi, P., A. Larocca, M. Quarto, G. Serio, O. Brandonisio, and G. Angarano. 2000. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19:213-217.
12. Morgan-Ryan, U. M., A. Fall, L. A. Ward, N. Hijjawi, I. Sulaiman, R. Fayer, R. C. Thompson, M. Olson, A. Lal, and L. Xiao. 2002. Cryptosporidium hominis n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens. J. Eukary. Micro. 49:433-440.
13. Naciri, M., M. P. Lefay, R. Mancassola, P. Poirier, and R. Chermette. 1999. Role of Cryptosporidium parvum as a pathogen in neonatal diarrhoea complex in suckling and dairy calves in France. Vet. Parasitol. 85:245-257.
14. Nannini, E. C., and P. C. Okhuysen. 2002. HIV1 and the gut in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 4:392-398.
15. Navin, T. R., and D. D. Juranek. 1984. Cryptosporidiosis: Clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitologic review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 6:313-327.
16. New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. 2006. Subject: Ag Facts. http://www.agmkt.state.ny.us/agfacts.html Accessed Apr. 11, 2006.
17. Okhuysen, P. C., C. L. Chappell, J. H. Crabb, C. R. Sterling, and H. L. DuPont. 1999. Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults. J. Infect. Dis. 180:1275-1281.
18. Ong, C. S. L., D. L. Eisler, S. H. Goh, J. Tomblin, F. M. Awad-El-Kariem, C. B. Beard, L. Xiao, I. Sulaiman, A. Lal, M. Fyfe, A. King, W. R. Bowie, and J. L. Isaac-Renton. 1999. Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks and transmission in British Columbia, Canada. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61:63-69.
19. Panciera, R. J., R. W. Thomassen, and F. M. Garner. 1971. Cryptosporidial infection in a calf. Vet. Pathol. 8:479-484.
20. Patel, S., S. Pedraza-Diaz, J. McLauchlin, and D. P. Casemore. 1998. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum from two large suspected waterborne outbreaks. Outbreak Control Team South and West Devon 1995, Incident Management Team and Further Epidemiological and Microbiological Studies Subgroup North Thames 1997. Commun. Dis. Public Health 1:231-233.
21. Rosner, B. 1989. Multivariate methods for clustered binary data with more than one level of nesting. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 84:373-380.
22. Santin, M., J. M. Trout, L. Xiao, L. Zhou, E. Greiner, and R. Fayer. 2004. Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves. Vet. Parasitol. 122:103-117.
23. Starkey, S. R., S. E. Wade, S. Schaaf, and H. O. Mohammed. 2005. Incidence of Cryptosporidium parvum in the dairy cattle population in a New York City watershed. Vet. Parasitol. 131:197-205.
24. Sulaiman, I. M., A. A. Lal, and L. Xiao. 2001. A population genetic study of the Cryptosporidium parvum human genotype parasites. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. (Suppl.):24S-27S.
25. Tumwine, J. K., A. Kekitiinwa, S. Bakeera-Kitaka, G. Ndeezi, R. Downing, X. Feng, D. E. Akiyoshi, and S. Tzipori. 2005. Cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in Ugandan children with persistent diarrhea with and without concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73:921-925.
26. Wade, S. E., H. O. Mohammed, and S. L. Schaaf. 2000. Prevalence of Giardia sp., Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris (C. andersoni) in 109 dairy herds in five counties of south-eastern New York. Vet. Parasitol. 93:1-11.
27. Xiao, L., and U. M. Ryan. 2004. Cryptosporidiosis: An update in molecular epidemiology. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 17:483-490.
28. Zhu, G., M. J. Marchewka, J. G. Ennis, and J. S. Keithly. 1998. Direct isolation of DNA from patient stools for polymerase chain reaction detection of Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Infect. Dis. 177:1443-1446.