Recent Changes in Patch Characteristics and Plant Communities in the Jalca Grasslands of the Peruvian Andes

Biotropica

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 321-330

  Tovar, Carolina ^a   Duivenvoorden, Joost F ^b   Sánchez Vega, Isidoro ^c   Seijmonsbergen, Arie C ^b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA   (Peru)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CAJAMARCA   (Peru)

Author keywords

Cajamarca; Fragmentation; Land use change; Paramo; Peru; Plant species diversity; Tropical Andes

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CANONICAL ANALYSIS; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION PLANNING; GRASSLAND; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT LOSS; LAND COVER; LAND USE CHANGE; MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT; PATCH SIZE; PLANT COMMUNITY; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TROPICAL REGION;

ANDES; CAJAMARCA; PERU;

TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 84860580833     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: 17447429     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00820.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Andrén, H. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71: 355-366.
2. Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., E. Pineda, F. Escobar, and J. Benítez-Malvido 2009. Value of small patches in the conservation of plant-species diversity in highly fragmented rainforest. Conserv. Biol. 23: 729-739.
3. Baatz, M., and A. Schäpe 2000. Multiresolution segmentation - an optimization approach for high quality multi-scale image segmentation. In J. Strobl, T. Blaschke, and G. Griesebner (Eds.). Angewandte Geographische Informationsverarbeitung XII, pp. 12-23. Wichmann Verlag, Salzburg.
4. Benz, U., P. Hofmann, G. Willhauck, I. Lingenfelder, and M. Heynen 2004. Multi-resolution, object-oriented fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS-ready information. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 58: 239-258.
5. Borcard, D., P. Legendre, and P. Drapeau 1992. Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology 73: 1045-1055.
6. ter Braak, C. J. F., and P. Smilauer 2002. CANOCO Reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5) Microcomputer Power. New York.
7. Bruun, H. H. 2000. Patterns of species richness in dry grassland patches in an agricultural landscape. Ecography 23: 641-650.
8. Burel, F. 1992. Effect of landscape structure and dynamics on species diversity in hedgerow networks. Landsc. Ecol. 6: 161-174.
9. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference. A practical information-theoretic approach (2nd Edition). Springer-Verlag, New York.
10. Buytaert, W., R. Célleri, B. De Bièvre, F. Cisneros, G. Wyseure, J. Deckers, and R. Hofstede 2006. Human impact on the hydrology of the Andean páramos. Earth Sci. Rev. 79: 53-72.
11. Collins, C. D., R. D. Holt, and B. L. Foster 2009. Patch size effects on plant species decline in an experimentally fragmented landscape. Ecology 90: 2577-2588.
12. Congalton, R. G. 1991. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sens. Environ. 37: 35-46.
13. Cooper, H. D., E. C. Wolf, C. Colson, W. Vering, A. Granda, and M. Meyer 2010. Alpine peatlands of the Andes, Cajamarca, Peru. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 42: 19-33.
14. Definiens, A. G. 2007. Definiens Developer, München, Germany: Definiens A.G. Available at: (accessed 4 December 2008).
15. Dingle Robertson, L., and D. King 2011. Comparison of pixel- and object-based classification in land cover change mapping. Int. J. Remote Sens. 32: 1505-1529.
16. Dirnböck, T., S. Dullinger, and G. Grabherr 2003. A regional impact assessment of climate and land-use change on alpine vegetation. J. Biogeogr. 30: 401-417.
17. Eriksson, A., O. Eriksson, and H. Berglund 1995. Species abundance patterns of plants in Swedish semi-natural pastures. Ecography 18: 310-317.
18. Ewers, R. M., and R. K. Didham 2006. Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation. Biol. Rev. 81: 117-142.
19. Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 34: 487-515.
20. Guirado, M., J. Pino, and F. Roda 2007. Comparing the role of site disturbance and landscape properties on understory species richness in fragmented periurban Mediterranean forests. Landsc. Ecol. 22: 117-129.
21. Gustafson, E. J. 1998. Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? Ecosystems 1: 143-156.
22. Gustafson, E. J., and G. R. Parker 1992. Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern. Landsc. Ecol. 7: 101-110.
23. van der Hammen, T. 1979. Historia y tolerancia de ecosistemas parameros. In M. L. Salgado-Labouriau (Ed.). El Medio Ambiente Páramo, pp. 55-66. Ediciones Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Mérida, Colombia.
24. Helm, A., I. Hanski, and M. Partel 2006. Slow response of plant species richness to habitat loss and fragmentation. Ecol. Lett. 9: 72-77.
25. Hess, C. 1990. "Moving up-Moving down": agro-Pastoral land-use patterns in the Ecuadorian Paramos. Mt. Res. Dev. 10: 333-342.
26. Hijmans, R. J., S. E. Cameron, J. L. Parra, P. G. Jones, and A. Jarvis 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 25: 1965-1978.
27. Hodgson, J., A. Moilanen, and C. D. Thomas 2009. Metapopulation responses to patch connectivity and quality are masked by successional habitat dynamics. Ecology 90: 1608-1619.
28. Hooghiemstra, H., and T. van der Hammen 2004. Quaternary Ice-Age dynamics in the Colombian Andes: developing an understanding of our legacy. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 359: 173-181.
29. Janzen, D. H. 1973. Rate of regeneration after a tropical high elevation fire. Biotropica 5: 117-122.
30. Jules, E. S., and P. Shahani 2003. A broader ecological context to habitat fragmentation: why matrix habitat is more important than we thought. J. Veg. Sci. 14: 459-464.
31. Laurance, W. F., L. V. Ferreira, J. M. Rankin-de Merona, and S. G. Laurance 1998. Rain forest fragmentation and the dynamics of Amazonian tree communities. Ecology 79: 2032-2040.
32. Laurance, W. F., D. Pérez-Salicrup, P. Delamonica, P. Fearnside, S. D'Angelo, A. Jerozolinski, L. Pohl, and T. E. Lovejoy 2001. Rain forest fragmentation and the structure of Amazonian liana communities. Ecology 82: 105-116.
33. Legendre, P., and L. Legendre 1998. Numerical ecology (2nd Edition). Elservier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
34. López Sandoval, M. F. 2004. Agricultural and Settlement frontiers in the tropical andes: the paramo belt of northern Ecuador, 1960-1990. Institut für Geographie and der Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
35. Luteyn, J. L. 1992. Paramos: why study them? In H. Balslev, and J. L. Luteyn (Eds.). Paramo: an andean ecosystem under human influence, pp. 1-14. Academic Press Limited, U.K.
36. Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. New York Botanical Garden Press, The Bronx.
37. Martinuzzi, S., W. A. Gould, and O. M. Ramos González 2007. Creating cloud-free Landsat ETM+ Data sets in tropical landscapes: cloud and cloud-shadow removal. United States Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon.
38. McGarigal, K., and S. A. Cushman 2002. Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects. Ecol. Appl. 12: 335-345.
39. McGarigal, K., and B. J. Marks 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon.
40. McGarigal, K., and W. C. McComb 1995. Relationships between landscape structure and breeding birds in the Oregon Coast Range. Ecol. Monogr. 65: 235-260.
41. Melcher, I., F. Bouman, and A. Cleef 2000. Seed dispersal in páramo plants: epizoochorous and hydrochorous taxa. Plant Biol. 2: 40-52.
42. Peterson, D. L., E. G. Schreiner, and N. M. Buckingham 1997. Gradients, vegetation and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in the Olympic Mountains, U.S.A. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 6: 7-17.
43. Prugh, L., K. Hodges, A. Sinclair, and J. Brashares 2008. Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations. PNAS 105: 20770-20775.
44. R Development Core Team. 2008. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: (accessed 15 September 2010).
45. Ramsay, P. M., and E. R. B. Oxley 2001. An assessment of aboveground net primary productivity in Andean grasslands of central Ecuador. Mt. Res. Dev. 21: 161-167.
46. Ricketts, T. H. 2001. The matrix matters: effective isolation in fragmented landscapes. Am. Nat. 158: 87-99.
47. Sanchez, P. E. 2003. Perú. In R. Hofstede, P. Segarra, and P. Mena (Eds.). Los páramos del mundo. Proyecto Atlas Mundial de los Páramos, pp. 159-204. Global Peatlands Initiative/NC-IUCN/EcoCiencia, Quito, Ecuador.
48. Sánchez-Vega, I., M. Cabanillas, A. Miranda, W. Poma, J. Díaz, F. Terrones, and H. Bazán 2005. La Jalca, el ecosistema frío del noroeste peruano - Fundamentos biológicos y Ecológicos (1st Edition). Yanacocha - Geográfica EIRL, Lima, Perú.
49. Shannon, C. E. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27: 379-423.
50. Tilman, D., R. M. May, C. Lehmann, and M. A. Nowak 1994. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 371: 65-66.
51. Turner, M. G. 2005. Landscape Ecology: what is the state of the Science? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 36: 319-344.
52. Venables, W. N. 1998. Exegeses on Linear Models. Paper presented at S-PLUS User's Conference, pp. 1-26, Washington, DC.
53. Vuille, M., R. Bradley, M. Werner, and F. M. Keimig 2003. 20th century climate change in the Tropical Andes: observations and model results. Clim. Change 59: 75-99.
54. Walter, V. 2004. Object-based classification for remote sensing data for change detection. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 58: 225-238.
55. Weberbauer, A. 1945. El mundo vegetal de los Andes peruanos. UNALM, Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima, Peru.
56. Weigend, M. 2002. Observations on the biogeography of the Amotape-Huancabamba zone in northern Peru. Bot. Rev. 68: 38-54.
57. Whittingham, M. J., P. A. Stephens, R. B. Bradbury, and R. P. Freckleton 2006. Why do we still use stepwise modelling in ecology and behaviour? J. Anim. Ecol. 75: 1182-1189.
58. Whittingham, M. J., R. D. Swetnam, J. D. Wilson, D. E. Chamberlain, and R. P. Freckleton 2005. Habitat selection by yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella on lowland farmland at two spatial scales: implications for conservation management. J. Appl. Ecol. 42: 270-280.
59. Williams, N., J. Morgan, M. McCarhy, and M. McDonnell 2006. Local extinction of grassland plants: the landscape matrix is more important than patch attributes. Ecology 87: 3000-3006.
60. Young, K. R. 2009. Andean land use and biodiversity: humanized landscapes in a time of change. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 492-507.