Evaluation of the effect of ammonia on nicotine pharmacokinetics using rapid arterial sampling

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 586-595

  McKinney, Diana L ^a   Gogova, Maria ^a   Davies, Bruce D ^a   Ramakrishnan, Viswanathan ^b   Fisher, Kelly ^b   Carter, W Hans ^b   Karnes, H Thomas ^c   Garnett, William R ^c   Iyer, Sunil S ^c   Somani, Amit A ^c   Kobal, Gerd ^a   Barr, William H ^c  

^a Altria Client Services Inc   (United States)

^b Solveritas LLC   (United States)

^c VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; NICOTINE;

ADULT; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTERIAL BLOOD; ARTERY CATHETERIZATION; ARTICLE; BIOEQUIVALENCE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INJECTION SITE DISCOMFORT; INJECTION SITE REACTION; MALE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKIN REDNESS; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION;

EID: 84860535376     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: 1469994X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr257     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Adams, L., Lee, C., Rawbone, R., & Guz, A. (1983). Patterns of smoking: Measurement and variability in asymptomatic smokers. Clinical Science (Oxford), 65, 383-392.
2. Allen, E. V. (1929). Thromboangiitis obliterans: Methods of diagnosis of chronic occlusive arterial lesions distal to the wrist with illustrative cases. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 178, 237-244. doi:10.1097/00000441-192908000-00009.
3. Armitage, A. K., Dixon, M., Frost, B. E., Mariner, D. C., & Sinclair, N. M. (2004). The effect of tobacco blend additives on the retention of nicotine and solanesol in the human respiratory tract and on subsequent plasma nicotine concentrations during cigarette smoking. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 17, 537-544. doi:10.1021/tx0340753.
4. Benowitz, N. L. (1999). Nicotine addiction. Primary Care, 26, 611-631. doi:10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70120-2.
5. Berridge, M. S., Apana, S. M., Nagano, K. K., Berridge, C. E., Leisure, G. P., & Boswell, M. V. (2010). Smoking produces rapid rise of [11C] nicotine in human brain. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 209, 383-394. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1809-8.
6. Byrd, G. D., Davis, R. A., & Ogden, M. W. (2005). A rapid LC-MS-MS method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in serum and saliva samples from smokers: Validation and comparison with a radioimmunoassay method. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 43, 133-140. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pres/jcs;jsessionid=adl9f8dhkka4h.victoria.
7. Callicutt, C. H., Cox, R. H., Hsu, F., Kinser, R. D., Laffoon, S. W., Lee, P., et al. (2006). The role of ammonia in the transfer of nicotine from tobacco to mainstream smoke. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 46, 1-17. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.008.
8. Chow, S.-C., & Liu, J.-P. (2009). Design and analysis of bioavailability and bioequivalence studies (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (Taylor & Francis).
9. Counts, M. E., Hsu, F. S., & Tewes, F. J. (2006). Development of a commercial cigarette " market map" comparison methodology for evaluating new or non-conventional cigarettes. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 46, 225-242. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.07.002.
10. Davis, D. L., & Nielsen, M. T. (Eds.) (1999). Tobacco: Production, chemistry and technology (pp. 377-379), Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
11. Dixon, M., Lambing, K., & Seeman, J. I. (2000). On the transfer of nicotine from tobacco to the smoker: A brief review of ammonia and " pH' factors. Contributions to Tobacco Research, 19, 103-113. Retrieved from http://www.itrust.de/btfi/pdf/2000-19-02-103.pdf.
12. Gibaldi, M., & Perrier, D. (Eds.). (1982). Pharmacokinetics: Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences v.1. (2nd ed., pp. 41-42, 433-444). New York: Marcel Dekker.
13. Gourlay, S. G., & Benowitz, N. L. (1997). Arteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray and intravenous nicotine. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 62, 453-463. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v62/n4/abs/clpt1997142a.html.
14. Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119-1127. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x.
15. Henningfield, J. E., & Keenan, R. (1993). Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 743-750. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.61.5.743.
16. Henningfield, J. E., Pankow, J. F., & Garrett, B. E. (2004). Ammonia and other chemical base tobacco additives and cigarette nicotine delivery: Issues and research needs. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 199-205. doi:10.1080/1462220042000202472.
17. Henningfield, J. E., Stapleton, J. M., Benowitz, N. L., Grayson, R. F., & London, E. D. (1993). Higher levels of nicotine in arterial than in venous blood after cigarette smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 33, 23-29. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90030-T.
18. Lauterbach, J. H., Bao, M., Joza, P. J., & Rickert, W. S. (2010). Free-base nicotine in tobacco products. Part I. Determination of free-base nicotine in the particulate phase of mainstream cigarette smoke and the relevance of these findings to product design parameters. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 58, 45-63. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.05.007.
19. Le Foll, B., & Goldberg, S. R. (2006). Nicotine as a typical drug of abuse in experimental animals and humans. Psychopharmacology, 184, 367-381. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0155-8.
20. McKinney, D. L., Davies, B. D., Gogova, M., Adams, W. M., Lewis, W., Powell, C., et al. (2010). Rapid automated blood sampling system for pharmacokinetics studies of cigarette smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12, 319-325. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp190.
21. Moreyra, A. E., Lacy, C. R., Wilson, A. C., Kumar, A., & Kostis, J. B. (1992). Arterial blood nicotine concentration and coronary vasoconstrictive effect of low-nicotine cigarette smoking. American Heart Journal, 124, 392-397. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(92)90603-S.
22. Pankow, J. F. (2001). A consideration of the role of gas/particle partitioning in the deposition of nicotine and other tobacco smoke compounds in the respiratory tract. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 14, 1465-1481. doi:10.1021/tx0100901.
23. Pankow, J. F., Mader, B. T., Isabelle, L. M., Luo, W., Pavlick, A., & Liang, C. (1997). Conversion of nicotine in tobacco smoke to its volatile and available free-base form through the action of gaseous ammonia. Environmental Science & Technology, 31, 2428-2433. doi:10.1021/es970402f.
24. Pankow, J. F., Tavakoli, A. D., Luo, W., & Isabelle, L. M. (2003). Percent free base nicotine in the tobacco smoke particulate matter of selected commercial and reference cigarettes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 16, 1014-1018. doi:10.1021/tx0340596.
25. Rose, J. E., Behm, F. M., Westman, E. C., & Coleman, R. E. (1999). Arterial nicotine kinetics during cigarette smoking and intravenous nicotine administration: Implications for addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 56, 99-107. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00025-3.
26. Rose, J. E., Lokitz, S. J., Gang, S., Turkington, T. G., Minton, R. C., Smith, H. C., et al. (2006, October). Highly dependent cigarette smokers show slower brain uptake of nicotine than less dependent smokers. Presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA.
27. Rose, J. E., Mukhin, A. G., Lokitz, S. J., Turkington, T. G., Herskovic, J., Behm, F. M., et al. (2010). Kinetics of brain nicotine accumulation in dependent and nondependent smokers assessed with PET and cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 5190-5195. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909184107.
28. Royal College of Physicians. (2000). Nicotine addiction in Britain: A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London, UK: Author.
29. Russell, M. A. H., & Feyeraband, C. (1978). Cigarette smoking: A dependence on high-nicotine boli. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 8, 29-57. doi:10.3109/03602537808993776.
30. Schuirmann, D. J. (1987). A comparison of the two one-sided tests procedure and the power approach for assessing the equivalence of average bioavailability. Journal of Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics, 15, 657-680. doi:10.1007/BF01068419.
31. Seeman, J. I. (2007). Possible role of ammonia on the deposition, retention and absorption of nicotine in humans while smoking. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 44, 326-343. doi:10.1021/tx600290v.
32. Seeman, J. I., & Carchman, R. A. (2008). The possible role of ammonia toxicity on the exposure, deposition, retention, and the bioavailability of nicotine during smoking. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 1863-1881. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.02.021.
33. Seeman, J. I., Lipowicz, P. J., Piade, J.-J., Poget, L., Sanders, E. B., Snyder, J. P., et al. (2004). On the deposition of volatiles and semivolatiles from cigarette smoke aerosols: Relative rates of transfer of nicotine and ammonia from particles to the gas phase. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 17, 1020-1037. doi:10.1021/tx0300333.
34. Stolerman, I. P., & Jarvis, M. J. (1995). The scientific case that nicotine is addictive. Psychopharmacology, 117, 2-10. doi:10.1007/BF02245088.
35. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1988). Nicotine addiction: A report of the Surgeon General (DHHS Publication no. CDC 88-8406). Rockville, MD: Office on Smoking and Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health. Retrieved from http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/NNBBZD.pdf.
36. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (1995). Regulations restricting the sale and distribution of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products to protect children and adolescents; proposed rule analysis regarding FDA's jurisdiction over nicotine-containing cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. Proposed rule. 21 CFR pt. 801, 803, 804, and 897. [Docket No. 95N-0253]. Federal Register, 60, 41314-41792. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1995-08-11/pdf/95-20051.pdf.
37. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2000). Bioavailability and bioequivalence requirements. Federal Register. 21 CFR, 320(revised),185-199. Retrieved from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=320.
38. van Amsterdam, J., Sleijffers, A., van Spiegel, P., Blom, R., Witte, M., van de Kassteele, J., et al. (2011). Effect of ammonia in cigarette tobacco on nicotine absorption in human smokers. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49, 3025-3030. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.037.
39. Westman, E. C., Levin, E. D., & Rose, J. E. (1992). Smoking while wearing the nicotine patch: Is smoking satisfying or harmful? Clinical Research, 40, 871A.
40. Willems, E. W., Rambali, B., Vleeming, W., Opperhuizen, A., & van Amsterdam, J. G. C. (2006). Significance of ammonium compounds on nicotine exposure to cigarette smokers. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44, 678-688. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.09.007.
41. Zacny, J. P., Stitzer, M. L., Brown, F. J., Yingling, J. E., & Griffiths, R. R. (1987). Human cigarette smoking: Effects of puff and inhalation parameters on smoke exposure. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 240, 554-564. Retrieved from http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/240/2/554.short.
42. Zubieta-Calleja, G. R., Zubieta-Castillo, G., Paulev, P.-E., & Zubieta-Calleja, L. (2005). Non-invasive measurement of circulation time using pulse oximetry during breath holding in chronic hypoxia. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56(Suppl. 4), 251-256. Retrieved from http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/09_05_s4/pdf/251_09_05_s4_article.pdf.