Impact of war, religiosity and ideology on PTSD and psychiatric disorders in adolescents from Gaza Strip and South Lebanon

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 74, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2005-2011

  Khamis, Vivian ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Economic pressure; Ideology; Lebanon; Palestinian territories; Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); Religiosity; War traumas

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENCE; IDEOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; RELIGION; WAR;

ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; FEMALE; HUMAN; IDEOLOGY; INTERVIEW; LEBANON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL STRESS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIGION; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIOECONOMICS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; WAR;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; CHILD; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; LEBANON; MALE; MIDDLE EAST; RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WAR;

GAZA STRIP; LEBANON; OCCUPIED TERRITORIES;

EID: 84860465367     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.025     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Acierno R., Ruggiero K.J., Galea S., Resnick H.S., Koenen K., Roitzsch J., et al. Psychological sequelae resulting from the 2004 Florida hurricanes: implications for post disaster intervention. American Journal of Public Health 2007, 97:103-108.
2. Alagha J. The shifts in Hizbullah's ideology: Religious ideology, political ideology, and political program 2006, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
3. Amine A., Abouchedid K., Llabre M., Hadi F., Gharzeddine M., Huri, et al. The psychological conditions of children and youth in Lebanon after the July 2006 war 2008, Lebanese Association for Educational Studies, Lebanon.
4. American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 1994, Author, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
5. Bakan D. Disease, pain and sacrifice: Toward a psychology of suffering 1968, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
6. Beck A.T., Ward C.H., Mendelsoh M., Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1961, 4:561-571.
7. Blank A.S. The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder DSM-IV and beyond 1993, 3-22. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC/London. J.R.T. Davidson, E.B. Foa (Eds.).
8. Bonanno G.A., Jost J.T. Conservative shift among high-exposure survivors of the September 11th terrorist attacks. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2006, 28:311-323.
9. Bryant R.A., Harvey A.G. Avoidant coping style and post-traumatic stress following motor vehicle accidents. Behavior Research and Therapy 1995, 33:631-635.
10. Cairns E. Children and political violence 1996, Blackwell, Oxford.
11. Cook D. Martyrdom in Islam 2007, Cambridge University Press, New York.
12. Davidson J. Issues in the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder: A clinical review 1994, 1-15. Sidran Press, Lutherville, MD. R.S. Pynoos (Ed.).
13. van Deth J., Abendschön S., Vollmar M. Children and politics: an empirical reassessment of early political socialization. Political Psychology 2011, 32:147-173.
14. Ehntholt K.A., Yule W. Practitioner review: assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2006, 47:1197-1210.
15. Ellison C.G. Race, religious involvement and depressive symptomatology in a southeastern U.S. community. Social Science & Medicine 1991, 40:1561-1572.
16. Erikson E. Youth, fidelity and diversity. The challenge of youth 1965, 1-28. Anchor Books, New York. E. Erikson (Ed.).
17. Erikson E.H. Identity: Youth and crisis 1968, Norton, New York.
18. Exline J.J., Rose E. Religious and spiritual struggles. The handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality 2005, 315-330. Guilford, New York. R.F. Paloutzian, C.L. Park (Eds.).
19. Fitchett G., Rybarczyk B.D., DeMarco G.A., Nicholas J.J. The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: a longitudinal study. Rehabilitation Psychology 1999, 44:333-353.
20. Hobfoll S.E. The ecology of stress 1988, Hemisphere, Washington, DC.
21. Hobfoll S.E. Stress, culture and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress 1998, Plenum Press, New York, NY.
22. Hosmer D.W., Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression 1989, Wiley, New York.
23. Jensen M. The political ideology of Hamas: A grassroots perspective 2009, I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, UK, London.
24. Jones L. Adolescent understandings of political violence and psychological well-being: a qualitative study from Boznia-Herzegovina. Social Science & Medicine 2002, 55:1351-1371.
25. Kanagaratnam P., Raundalen M., Asbjornsen A.E. Ideological commitment and posttraumatic stress in former Tamil child soldiers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2005, 46:511-520.
26. Khamis V. Political violence and the Palestinian family: Implications for mental health and well-being 2000, Haworth Press, New York.
27. Khamis V. Posttraumatic stress disorder among school-age Palestinian children. Child Abuse & Neglect 2005, 29:81-95.
28. Khamis V. Post-traumatic stress and psychiatric disorders in Palestinian adolescents following intifada-related injuries. Social Science & Medicine 2008, 67:1199-1207.
29. Kleinbaum D.G., Kupper L.L., Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic research: Principles and quantitative methods 1982, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
30. Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatry 1980/1981, 46:437-457.
31. Laor N., Wolmer L., Alon M., Siev J., Samuel E., Toren P. Risk and protective factors mediating psychological symptoms and ideological commitment of adolescents facing continuous terrorism. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 2006, 194:279-286.
32. Loughry M., Ager A., Flouri E., Khamis V., Afana A., Quota S. The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2006, 47:1211-1218.
33. Maton K.I. The stress-buffering role of spiritual support: cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 1989, 28:310-323.
34. Muldoon O., Downes C. Social identification and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-conflict Northern Ireland. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 191:146-149.
35. Nelson C.J., Rosenfeld B., Breitbart W., Galietta M. Spirituality, religion, and depression in the terminally ill. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry 2002, 43:213-220.
36. Oren L., Possick C. Is ideology a risk factor for PTSD symptom severity among Israeli political evacuees?. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2010, 23:483-490.
37. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.(PCBS) Educational institutions census 2010, Ramallah.
38. Palestinian Centre for Human Rights.(PCHR) PCHR fact sheet 2010.
39. Pargament K.I. Spiritual integrated psychotherapy. Understanding and addressing the sacred 2007, The Guilford Press, New York, NY, USA.
40. Pargament K.I., Smith B.W., Koenig H.G., Perez L. Positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 1998, 37:710-724.
41. Park C.L. Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress. Journal of Social Issues 2005, 61:707-729.
42. Peltonen K., Punamäki R. Preventive interventions among children exposed to trauma of armed conflict: a literature review. Aggressive Behavior 2010, 36:95-116.
43. Punamäki R.L. Can ideological commitment protect children's psychological well- being in situations of political violence?. Child Development 1996, 67:55-69.
44. Punamäki R.L., Salo J., Komproe I., Qouta S., El- Masri M., De Jong J.T.V.M. Dispositional and situational coping and mental health among Palestinian political ex-prisoners. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 2008, 18:1-22.
45. Reynolds C.R., Richmond B.O. Revised children's manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS) 1990, Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, CA.
46. Roff L.L., Durkin D., Sun F., Klemmack D.L. Widowhood, religiousness, and self-assessed well-being among older adults. Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Aging 2007, 19:43-59.
47. Roussos A., Goenjian A.K., Steinberg A.M., Sotiropoulou C., Kakaki M., Kabakos C., et al. Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 162:530-537.
48. Shamai M. Parents' perceptions of their children in a context of shared political uncertainty: the case of Jewish settlers in the West Bank before and after the Oslo peace agreement. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 2002, 19:57-75.
49. Smith T.B., McCullough M.E., Poll J. Religiousness and depression: evidence for a main effect and the moderating influence of stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin 2003, 129:614-636.
50. Steel Z., Chey T., Silove D., Marnane C., Bryant R.A., van Ommeren M. Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 2009, 302(5):537-549.
51. Sutker P.B., Davis J.M., Uddo M., Ditta S.R. War zone stress, personal resources, and PTSD in Persian Gulf War returnees. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1995, 104:444-452.
52. Thabet A., Abed Y., Vostanis P. Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2004, 45:533-542.
53. Tix A.P., Frazier P.A. Mediation and moderation of the relationship between intrinsic religiousness and mental health. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2005, 31:295-306.
54. Zwirs B., Burger H., Schulpen T., Wiznitzer M., Fedder H., Buitelaar J. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children of different ethnic origin. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2007, 35:556-566.