Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 301-312

  Thompson, Richard S ^a   Parish, Jolyon C ^b   Maidment, Susannah C R ^a   Barrett, Paul M ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ankylosauridae; Cladistic analysis; Dinosaur; Evolution; Nodosauridae; Phylogeny; Polacanthid

Indexed keywords

CLADISTICS; CRETACEOUS; DINOSAUR; JURASSIC; PALEOBIOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY;

ANKYLOSAURIA; ANKYLOSAURIDAE; DINOSAURIA; NODOSAURIDAE; ORNITHISCHIA; SCELIDOSAURUS; STEGOSAURIA;

EID: 84860441797     PISSN: 14772019     EISSN: 14780941     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2011.569091     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Arbour, V. M., Burns, M. E. & Sissons, R. L. 2009. A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus Parks 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29, 1117-1135.
2. Averianov, A. O. 2002. An ankylosaurid (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) braincase from the Upper Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 72, 97-110. (Pubitemid 34271544)
3. Barrett, P. M., You, H.-L., Upchurch, P. & Burton, A. C. 1998. A new ankylosaurian dinosaur (Ornithiscia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 376-384.
4. Blows, W. T. 1987. The armoured dinosaur Polacanthus foxi from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight. Palaeontology, 30, 557-580.
5. Blows, W. T. 1996. A new species of Polacanthus (Ornthischia; Ankylosauria) from the LowerCretaceous of Sussex, England. Geological Magazine, 133, 671-681.
6. Butler, R. J., Upchurch, P. & Norman, D. B. 2008. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6, 1-40. (Pubitemid 351651087)
7. Carpenter, K. 1990. Ankylosaur systematics: an example using Panoplosaurus and Edmontonia (Ankylosauria: Nodosauridae). Pp. 281-297 in K. Carpenter & P. J. Currie (eds) Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
8. Carpenter, K. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria. Pp. 455-483 in K. Carpenter (ed.) The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
9. Carpenter, K. 2004. Redescription of Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908 (Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 41, 961-986. (Pubitemid 39384269)
10. Carpenter, K. & Kirkland, J. I. 1998. Review of Lower and Middle Cretaceous ankylosaurs for North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 14, 249-270.
11. Carpenter, K., Miles, C. & Cloward, K. 1998. Skull of a Jurassic ankylosaur (Dinosauria). Nature, 393, 782-783. (Pubitemid 28299487)
12. Carpenter K., Kirkland J. I., Burge D. & Bird J. 2001. Disarticulated skull of a new primitive ankylosaurid from the Lower Cretaceous of eastern Utah. Pp. 211-238 in K. Carpenter (ed.) The Armored Dinosaurs. IndianaUniversity Press, Bloomington.
13. Carpenter, K., Bartlett, J., Bird, J. & Barrick, R. 2008. Ankylosaurs from the Price River quarries, Cedar Mountain formation (Lower Cretaceous), east-central Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 1089-1101.
14. Coombs, W. P. 1971 The Ankylosauria. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 487 pp.
15. Coombs, W. P. 1978. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Palaeontology, 21, 143-170.
16. Coombs, W. P. & Maryanska, T. 1990. Ankylosauria. Pp. 456-483 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds) The Dinosauria. 1st edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
17. Dong, Z.-M. 1993. An ankylosaur (ornithischian dinosaur) from the Middle Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 31, 258-265, pls 1-4.
18. Galton, P. M. 1983. Armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of Europe. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 182, 1-25, pls 1-6.
19. Goloboff, P. A., Farris, J. S. & Nixon, K. C. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24, 774-786.
20. Heath, T. A., Hedtke, S.M. & Hillis, D.M. 2008. Taxon sampling and the accuracy of phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 46, 239-257.
21. Hill, R.V., Witmer, L. M. & Norell, M. A. 2003. Anewspecimen of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia: ontogeny and phylogeny of ankylosaurs. American Museum Novitates, 3395, 1-29.
22. Hulke, J.W. 1881. Polacanthus foxii, a large undescribed dinosaur from the Wealden formation in the Isle of Wight. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 172, 653-662.
23. Ketchum, H. F. & Benson, R. B. J. 2010. Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analysis. Biological Reviews, 85, 361-392.
24. Kirkland, J. I. 1998. A polacanthine ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Dinosauria) from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of eastern Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 14, 271-281.
25. Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L., Humphries, C. J. & Williams, D. M. 1998. Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 228 pp.
26. Lee, M. S. Y. & Camens, A. B. 2009. Strong morphological support for the molecular evolutionary tree of placental mammals. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 22, 2243-2257.
27. Lee, Y.-N. 1996. A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Paw Paw Formation (Late Albian) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, 232-245.
28. Lü, J.-C., Ji, Q., Gao, Y. & Yi, Z. 2007a. A new species of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Crichtonsaurus (Ankylosauridae: Ankylosauria) from the Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 883-897.
29. Lü, J.-C., Jin, X., Sheng, Y., Li, Y., Wang, G. & Azuma, Y. 2007b. New nodosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 334-350.
30. Maddison, D.R. & Maddison, W. P. 2000. MacClade 4: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
31. Maidment, S. C. R., Norman, D. B., Barrett, P. M. & Upchurch, P. 2008. Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6, 367-407.
32. Mantell, G. A. 1833. The Geology of the South East of England. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown Green and Longman, London, 415 pp.
33. Miles, C. A. & Miles, C. J. 2009. Skull of Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani, a new Cretaceous ankylosaur from the Gobi Desert. Current Science, 96, 65-70.
34. Molnar, R. E. 1980. An ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Reptilia) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 20, 77-87.
35. Molnar, R. E. 1996. Preliminary report on a new ankylosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 39, 653-668.
36. Norman, D. B. 1984. A systematic reappraisal of the reptile order Ornithischia. Pp. 157-162 in W.-E. Reif & F. Westphal (eds) Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short papers. Attempto Verlag, Tubingen.
37. Norman, D. B., Witmer, L. M. & Weishampel, D. B. 2004. Basal Thyreophora. Pp. 335-342 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds) The Dinosauria, 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
38. Os̈i, A. 2005. Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25, 370-383. (Pubitemid 41057636)
39. Os̈i, A. & Makad́i, L. 2009. New remains of Hungarosaurus tormai (Ankylosauria, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary: skeletal reconstruction and body mass estimation. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 83, 227-245.
40. Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 11, 60-204.
41. Owen, R. 1858. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden formations. Part IV (Hylaeosaurus). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 10(43), 8-26, pls 4-11.
42. Parish, J. 2003. Evolutionary history of the Ankylosauria (Dinosauria, Ornithischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23(3 Suppl.), 85A.
43. Parish J. C. 2005. The Evolution and Palaeobiology of the Armoured Dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria). Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Oxford, 471 pp.
44. Parish, J. C. & Barrett, P. M. 2004. A reappraisal of the ornithischian dinosaur Amtosaurus magnus Kurzanov and Tumanova 1978, with comments on the status of A. archibaldi Averianov 2002. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 41, 299-306. (Pubitemid 38587502)
45. Parsons, W. L. & Parsons, K. M. 2009. A new ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of central Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 46, 721-738.
46. Pereda-Suberbiola, X. 1993. Hylaeosaurus, Polacanthus and the systematics and stratigraphy of Wealden armoured dinosaurs. Geology Magazine, 130, 767-780.
47. Pereda-Suberbiola, X. 1994. Polacanthus (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria), a transatlantic armoured dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and North America. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 232, 133-159.
48. Pereda-Suberbiola, J. & Galton, P. M. 1994. A revision of the cranial features of the dinosaur Struthiosaurus austriacus Bunzel (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 191, 173-200.
49. Salgado, L. & Gasparini, Z. 2006. Reappraisal of an ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of James Ross Island (Antarctica). Geodiversitas, 28, 119-135.
50. Seeley, H.G. 1892. Onthe os pubis of Polacanthus foxii. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 48, 81-95.
51. Sereno, P.C. 1986. Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia). National Geographic Research, 2, 234-256.
52. Sereno, P. C. 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 210, 41-83. (Pubitemid 128688097)
53. Sereno, P. C. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science, 284, 2137-2147. (Pubitemid 29297468)
54. Sereno, P. C. 2007. Logical basis for morphological characters in phylogenetics. Cladistics, 23, 565-578.
55. Sullivan, R. M. 1999. Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis, gen. et sp nov., a new ankylosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (Upper Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19, 126-139.
56. Thiele, K. 1993. The holy grail of the perfect character: the cladistic treatment of morphometric data. Cladistics, 9, 275-304.
57. Thorley, J. L. Page, R. D. M. 2000. RadCon: phylogenetic tree comparison and consensus. Bioinformatics, 16, 486-487. (Pubitemid 30487971)
58. Tumanova, T. A. 1983. The first ankylosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. Transactions from the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, 24, 110-118 (in Russian with English summary).
59. Tumanova, T. A. 1987. The armoured dinosaurs of Mongolia. Transactions of the joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, 32, 1-76 (in Russian with English summary).
60. Tumanova, T. A. 2000. Armoured dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. Pp. 517-532 in M. J. Benton, M.A. Shishkin, D. M. Unwin & E. N. Kurochkin (eds) The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
61. Upchurch, P. & Barrett, P. M. 2000. The taxonomic status of Shanxia tianzhenensis (Ornithischia: Ankylosauridae); a response to Sullivan (1999). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20, 216-217.
62. Vickaryous, M. K., Russell, A. P., Currie, P. J. & Zhao, X.-J. 2001. A new ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of China, with comments on ankylosaurian relationships. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38, 1767-1780. (Pubitemid 34054422)
63. Vickaryous, M. K., Maryanska, T. & Weishampel, D. B. 2004. Ankylosauria. Pp. 363-392 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds) The Dinosauria, 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
64. Weishampel, D. B., Barrett, P. M., Coria, R. A., Le Loeuff, J., Xu, X., Zhao, X.-J., Sahni, A., Gomani, E. M. P. & Noto, C.R. 2004. Dinosaur Distribution. Pp. 517-606 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds) TheDinosauria, 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
65. Wieland, G. R. 1911. Notes on the armored Dinosauria. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 31, 112-124.
66. Wilkinson, M. 1994. Common cladistic information and its consensus representation: reduced Adams and reduced cladistic consensus trees and profiles. Systematic Biology, 43, 343-368. (Pubitemid 24976651)
67. Wilkinson, M. 1995. More on reduced consensus methods. Systematic Biology, 44, 435-439. (Pubitemid 126005889)
68. Wilkinson, M. 2001. TAXEQ3: software and documentation. Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London.
69. Wilkinson, M., Upchurch, P., Barrett, P. M., Gower, D. J. & Benton M. J. 1998. Robust dinosaur phylogeny? Nature, 396, 423-424.
70. Xu, L., Lu. J., Zhang, X., Jia. S., Hu, W., Zhang. J., Wu, Y. & Ji, Q. 2007. A new nodosaurid dinosaur fossil from the Cretaceous of Ruyang, Henan. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 433-438. (Pubitemid 47288677)
71. Xu, X., Wang, X.-L. & You, H.-L. 2001. A juvenile ankylosaur from China. Naturwissenschaften, 88, 297-300. (Pubitemid 32721510)