Systemic shigellosis in South Africa

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 54, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1448-1454

  Keddy, Karen H ^a,b   Sooka, Arvinda ^a   Crowther Gibson, Penny ^a   Quan, Vanessa ^a   Meiring, Susan ^a   Cohen, Cheryl ^a,b   Nana, Trusha ^b,c   Sriruttan, Charlotte ^b,c   Seetharam, Sharona ^b,c   Hoosen, Anwar ^c,d   Naicker, Preneshni ^c,e   Elliott, Eugenne ^c,f   Haffejee, Sumayya ^c,g   Whitelaw, Andrew ^c,h   Klugman, Keith P ^i,j  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^c NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH   (South Africa)

^f UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

^g University of KwaZulu Natal Faculty of Health Sciences   (South Africa)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

ⁱ EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPICILLIN; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE; NALIDIXIC ACID; STREPTOMYCIN; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; TETRACYCLINE; TRIMETHOPRIM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BLOOD CULTURE; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; FATALITY; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROTYPE; SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; SHIGELLOSIS; SOUTH AFRICA; SYSTEMIC DISEASE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTEREMIA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DYSENTERY, BACILLARY; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MIDDLE AGED; SHIGELLA; SOUTH AFRICA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84860259456     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis224     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Sansonetti PJ. Rupture, invasion, and inflammatory destruction of the intestinal barrier by Shigella: the yin and yang of innate immunity. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2006; 17:117-19.
2. Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, et al. Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull World Health Organ 1999; 77:651-66.
3. Talukder KA, Dutta DK, Safa A, et al. Altering trends in the dominance of Shigella flexneri serotypes and emergence of serologically atypical S. flexneri strains in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3757-9.
4. Niyogi SK, Mitra U, Dutta P. Changing patterns of serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Shigella species isolated from children in Calcutta, India. Jpn J Infect Dis 2001; 54:121-2.
5. Niyogi SK. Shigellosis. J Microbiol 2005; 43:133-43.
6. Reddy EA, Shaw AV, Crump JA. Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10:417-32.
7. Davies NE, Karstaedt AS. Shigella bacteraemia over a decade in Soweto, South Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102:1269-73.
8. De Mol P, Brasseur D, Schatteman E, Kassam S. Shigella and shigellaemia. Scand J Infect Dis 1981; 13:75-7.
9. Bennish ML, Harris JR, Wojtyniak BJ, Struelens M. Death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis 1990; 161:500-6.
10. Chagla AH, Haque KN, Kambal AM. Shigella flexneri bacteraemia. J Infect 1985; 10:68-70.
11. Huskins WC, Griffiths JK, Faruque AS, Bennish ML. Shigellosis in neonates and young infants. J Pediatr 1994; 125:14-22.
12. Struelens MJ, Patte D, Kabir I, Salam A, Nath SK, Butler T. Shigella septicemia: prevalence, presentation, risk factors, and outcome. J Infect Dis 1985; 152:784-90.
13. Whitfield C, Humphries JM. Meningitis and septicemia due to shigellae in a newborn infant. J Pediatr 1967; 70:805-6.
14. Scragg JN, Rubidge CJ, Appelbaum PC. Shigella infection in African and Indian children with special reference to Shigella septicemia. J Pediatr 1978; 93:796-7.
15. Amadi B, Kelly P, Mwiya M, et al. Intestinal and systemic infection, HIV, and mortality in Zambian children with persistent diarrhea and malnutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001; 32:550-4.
16. Baskin DH, Lax JD, Barenberg D. Shigella bacteremia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82:338-41.
17. Daskalakis DC, Blaser MJ. Another perfect storm: Shigella, men who have sex with men, and HIV. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:335-7.
18. Glupczynski Y, Hansen W, Jonas C, Deltenre M. Shigella flexneri bacteraemia in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Acta Clin Belg 1985; 40:388-90.
19. Huebner J, Czerwenka W, Gruner E, von Graevenitz A. Shigellemia in AIDS patients: case report and review of the literature. Infection 1993; 21:122-4.
20. Kristjansson M, Viner B, Maslow JN. Polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia with Shigella in a patient with AIDS. Scand J Infect Dis 1994; 26:411-16.
21. Mandell W, Neu H. Shigella bacteremia in adults. JAMA 1986; 255:3116-17.
22. Nelson MR, Shanson DC, Hawkins D, Gazzard BG. Shigella in HIV infection. AIDS 1991; 5:1031-2.
23. Trevett AJ, Ogunbanjo BO, Naraqi S, Igo JD. Shigella bacteraemia in adults. Postgrad Med J 1993; 69:466-8.
24. Dronda F, Parras F, Martinez JL, Baquero F. Shigella sonnei bacteremia in an elderly diabetic patient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7:404-5.
25. Albert MJ, Hossain MA, Alam K, Kabir I, Neogi PK, Tzipori S. A fatal case associated with shigellosis and Vibrio fluvialis bacteremia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 14:509-10.
26. Blaser MJ, Hale TL, Formal SB. Recurrent shigellosis complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection: failure of pre-existing antibodies to confer protection. Am J Med 1989; 86:105-7.
27. Hawkins C, Taiwo B, Bolon M, Julka K, Adewole A, Stosor V. Shigella sonnei bacteremia: two adult cases and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 2007; 39:170-3.
28. Langman G. Shigella sonnei meningitis. S Afr Med J 1996; 86:91-2.
29. Martin T, Habbick BF, Nyssen J. Shigellosis with bacteremia: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Pediatr Infect Dis 1983; 2:21-6.
30. Morduchowicz G, Huminer D, Siegman-Igra Y, Drucker M, Block CS, Pitlik SD. Shigella bacteremia in adults: a report of five cases and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147:2034-7.
31. National Department of Health. 2008 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV & Syphilis Prevalence Survey. National Department of Health, 2009. Available at: http://www.doh.gov.za. Accessed 5 November 2010.
32. Cohen C, Crowther P, du Plessis D, et al. Group for Enteric Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Surveillance in South Africa. GERMS-SA Annual report 2007. 2008. Available at: http://www.nicd.ac.za. Accessed 5 November 2010.
33. Makubalo L, L Mahlasela L, du Plessis R, et al. Group for Enteric Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Surveillance in South Africa. GERMS-SA Annual report 2006. 2007. Available at: http://www.nicd. ac.za. Accessed 5 November 2010.
34. Cheong HS, Kang CI, Kwon KT, et al. Clinical significance of healthcare-associated infections in community-onset Escherichia coli bacteraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:1355-60.
35. Daikos GL, Kosmidis C, Tassios PT, et al. Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections: presence of integrons, risk factors, and outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2366-72.
36. Feldman C, Alanee S, Yu VL, et al. Severity of illness scoring systems in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: implications for the intensive care unit care. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:850-7.
37. Dean AD, Dean JA, Burton JH. EpiInfo v6.04: a word processing, database and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996.
38. Greenberg D, Marcu S, Melamed R, Lifshitz M. Shigella bacteremia: a retrospective study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2003; 42:411-15.
39. Pithie AD, Malin AS, Robertson VJ. Salmonella and Shigella bacteraemia in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1993; 39:110-12.
40. Whimbey E, Gold JW, Polsky B, et al. Bacteremia and fungemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104:511-14.
41. Orr D, Hedderwick S. Shigella flexneri bacteraemia in an immunocompetent male treated with oral ciprofloxacin. J Infect 2002; 45:275.
42. Prieto E, Trevino M, Rajo MC, et al. Shigella flexneri bacteremia in a middle-aged immunocompetent woman. Scand J Infect Dis 2000; 32:578.
43. Hickey MM, Shanson DC. Septicaemia in patients with and without AIDS at Westminster Hospital, London. J Infect 1993; 27:243-50.
44. Anglaret X, Dakoury-Dogbo N, Bonard D, et al. Causes and empirical treatment of fever in HIV-infected adult outpatients, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AIDS 2002; 16:909-18.
45. Nelson MR, Shanson DC, Hawkins DA, Gazzard BG. Salmonella, Campylobacter and Shigella in HIV-seropositive patients. AIDS 1992; 6:1495-8.
46. Johnson MP, Bender BS. Shigella bacteremia. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148:754, 756.
47. Harrison D. An overview of health and health care in South Africa 1994-2010: priorities, progress and prospects for new gains. Department of Health, 2010 . Available at: http://www.doh.gov.za. Accessed 5 November 2010.
48. Huang DB, Zhou J. Effect of intensive handwashing in the prevention of diarrhoeal illness among patients with AIDS: a randomized controlled study. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:659-63.
49. Walensky RP, Wood R, Weinstein MC, et al. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: the impact of speed on survival. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1324-32.
50. Ford N, Mills E, Calmy A. Rationing antiretroviral therapy in Africa-treating too few, too late. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1808-10.
51. Ashkenazi S, Levy I, Kazaronovski V, Samra Z. Growing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51:427-9.
52. Dutta S, Rajendran K, Roy S, et al. Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995-2000. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129:235-43.
53. Hirose K, Terajima J, Izumiya H, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella sonnei isolates in Japan and molecular analysis of S. sonnei isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1203-5.
54. Kuo CY, Su LH, Perera J, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella isolates in eight Asian countries, 2001-2004. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2008; 41:107-11.
55. Tau NP, Smith AM, Sooka A, Keddy KH. for GERMS-SA. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Shigella isolates from humans in South Africa, 2003-2009. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:162-4.
56. Levine MM. Enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directions. Vaccine 2006; 24:3865-73.