Thermal sensation: A mathematical model based on neurophysiology

Indoor Air

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 253-262

  Kingma, B R M ^a   Schellen, L ^b   Frijns, A J H ^b   van Marken Lichtenbelt, W D ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Building design; Mathematical model; Neural integration; Neurophysiology; Thermal reception; Thermal sensation

Indexed keywords

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; THERMAL COMFORT;

BUILDING DESIGN; EXPOSED TO; NEURAL INTEGRATION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MODEL; SKIN AND CORES; THERMAL; THERMAL RECEPTION; THERMAL SENSATIONS; TRANSIENT CONDITIONS; YOUNG ADULTS;

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 84860228260     PISSN: 09056947     EISSN: 16000668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00758.x     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Arens, E., Zhang, H. and Huizenga, C. (2006) Partial- and whole-body thermal sensation and comfort - Part II: non-uniform environmental conditions, J. Therm. Biol., 31, 60-66.
2. ASHRAE (2004) Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, ASHRAE.
3. Benzinger, T.H. (1969) Heat regulation: homeostasis of central temperature in man, Physiol. Rev., 49, 671-759.
4. Boerstra, A., Opt Veld, P. and Eijdems, H. (2000) The Health, Safety and Comfort Advantages of Low Temperature Heating Systems - A Literature Review, Healthy Buildings, Espoo, Finland.
5. Boulant, J.A. (2006) Neuronal basis of Hammel's model for set-point thermoregulation, J. Appl. Physiol., 100, 1347-1354.
6. Cabanac, M. (2006) Adjustable set point: to honor Harold T. Hammel, J. Appl. Physiol., 100, 1338-1346.
7. Chatonnet, J., Thiers, H., Cabanac, M. and Pasquier, J. (1966) On the origin of conscious impression of thermal comfort, Lyon Med., 216, 1387-1392.
8. Craig, A.D., Chen, K., Bandy, D. and Reiman, E.M. (2000) Thermosensory activation of insular cortex, Nat. Neurosci., 3, 184-190.
9. de Dear, R. (2011) Revisiting an old hypothesis of human thermal perception: alliesthesia, Building Res. Inf., 39, 108-117.
10. de Dear, R. and Brager, G.S. (2001) The adaptive model of thermal comfort and energy conservation in the built environment, Int. J. Biometeorol., 45, 100-108.
11. de Dear, R., Ring, J.W. and Fanger, P.O. (1993) Thermal sensations resulting from sudden ambient temperature changes, Indoor Air, 3, 181-192.
12. Dodt, E. and Zotterman, Y. (1952) Mode of action of warm receptors, Acta Physiol. Scand., 26, 345-357.
13. ECBCS (2007) Available online at, accessed on February, 2011.
14. Fanger, P.O. (1970) Thermal comfort, PhD Thesis, Copenhagen, Danish Technical University.
15. Fiala, D. (1998) Dynamic Simulation of Human Heat Transfer and Thermal Comfort. Ph. D. thesis, Stuttgart, De Montfort University, Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development.
16. Foda, E., Almesri, I., Awbi, H.B. and Siren, K. (2011) Models of human thermoregulation and the prediction of local and overall thermal sensations, Build. Environ., 46, 2023-2032.
17. Hensel, H. (1981) Thermoreception and Temperature Regulation, London, Academic Press Inc Ltd.
18. Hensel, H. and Kenshalo, D.R. (1969) Warm receptors in the nasal region of cats, J. Physiol., 204, 99-112.
19. Humphreys, M.A. and Hancock, M. (2007) Do people like to feel 'neutral'? Exploring the variation of the desired sensation on the ASHRAE scale, Energy Build., 39, 867-874.
20. Juusela, M.A. (2003) Guidebook to IEA ECBCS Annex 37. Heating and Cooling with Focus on Increased Energy Efficiency and Improved Comfort, Espoo, VTT Building and Transport.
21. Johnson, F., Mavroggiani, A., Ucci, M., Vidal-Puig, A. and Wardle, J. (2011) Could increased time spent in a thermal comfort zone contribute to population increases in obesity?, Obes. Rev., 12, 543-551.
22. Kingma, B.R., Frijns, A.J., Saris, W.H., Van Steenhoven, A.A. and Van Marken Lichtenbelt, W.D. (2011) Increased systolic blood pressure after mild cold and rewarming: relation to cold-induced thermogenesis and age, Acta physiol., 203, 419-427.
23. Mayer, E. (1993) Objective criteria for thermal comfort, Build. Environ., 28, 399-403.
24. Mekjavic, I.B. and Morrison, J.B. (1985) A model of shivering thermogenesis based on the neurophysiology of thermoreception, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 32, 407-417.
25. Morrison, S.F. (2011) 2010 Carl Ludwig distinguished lectureship of the APS neural control & autonomic regulation section: central neural pathways for thermoregulatory cold defense, J. Appl. Physiol., 5, 1137-1149.
26. Nakano, J., Tanabe, S. and Kimura, K. (2002) Differences in perception of indoor environment between Japanese and non-Japanese workers, Energy Build., 34, 615-621.
27. Parsons, K. (2002) The effects of gender, acclimation state, the opportunity to adjust clothing and physical disability on requirements for thermal comfort, Energy Build., 34, 593-599.
28. Parsons, K. (2003) Human Thermal Environments, London, Taylor & Francis.
29. Romanovsky, A.A. (2007) Thermoregulation: some concepts have changed. Functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 292, R37-R46.
30. Schellen, L., Van Marken Lichtenbelt, W.D., Loomans, M.G., Toftum, J. and De Wit, M.H. (2010) Differences between young adults and elderly in thermal comfort, productivity, and thermal physiology in response to a moderate temperature drift and a steady-state condition, Indoor Air, 20, 273-283.
31. Sessler, D.I. (2000) Perioperative heat balance, Anesthesiology, 92, 578-596.
32. Severens, N.M., Van Marken Lichtenbelt, W.D., Van Leeuwen, G.M., Frijns, A.J., Van Steenhoven, A.A., De Mol, B.A., Van Wezel, H.B. and Veldman, D.J. (2007) Effect of forced-air heaters on perfusion and temperature distribution during and after open-heart surgery, Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 32, 888-895.
33. Teunissen, L.P., Klewer, J., De Haan, A., De Koning, J.J. and Daanen, H.A. (2011) Non-invasive continuous core temperature measurement by zero heat flux, Physiol. Meas., 32, 559-570.
34. Van Hoof, J. (2008) Forty years of Fanger's model of thermal comfort: comfort for all?, Indoor Air, 18, 182-201.
35. Van Hoof, J., Mazej, M. and Hensen, J.L. (2010) Thermal comfort: research and practice, Front. Biosci., 15, 765-788.
36. Van Marken Lichtenbelt, W.D., Daanen, H.A., Wouters, L., Fronczek, R., Raymann, R.J., Severens, N.M. and Van Someren, E.J. (2006) Evaluation of wireless determination of skin temperature using iButtons, Physiol. Behav., 88, 489-497.
37. Zhang, H., Arens, E., Huizenga, C. and Han, T. (2010a) Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments, part II: local comfort of individual body parts, Build. Environ., 45, 389-398.
38. Zhang, H., Arens, E., Huizenga, C. and Han, T. (2010b) Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments, part III: Whole-body sensation and comfort, Build. Environ., 45, 399-410.
39. Zhang, H., Arens, E., Huizenga, C. and Han, T. (2010c) Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments: part I: local sensation of individual body parts, Build. Environ., 45, 380-388.
40. Zotterman, Y. (1953) Special senses: thermal receptors, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 15, 357-372.