Influence of the national trauma data bank on the study of trauma outcomes: Is it time to set research best practices to further enhance its impact?

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

Volumn 214, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 756-768

  Haider, Adil H ^a   Saleem, Taimur ^a   Leow, Jeffrey J ^a   Villegas, Cassandra V ^a   Kisat, Mehreen ^a   Schneider, Eric B ^a   Haut, Elliott R ^a   Stevens, Kent A ^a   Cornwell III, Edward E ^c   MacKenzie, Ellen J ^b   Efron, David T ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c HOWARD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ARTICLE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INJURY; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM;

BENCHMARKING; DATABASES, FACTUAL; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH DESIGN; HUMANS; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; LENGTH OF STAY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; REGISTRIES; RISK ADJUSTMENT; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84860224751     PISSN: 10727515     EISSN: 18791190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.013     Document Type: Article

References (144)

1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Injury Control Homepage http://www.cdc.gov/injury/ Accessed May 12, 2011
2. NCHS National hospital discharge survey: 2007 summary National health statistics reports, no. 29 2010 Atlanta, GA
3. E.A. Finkelstein, P.S. Corso, T.R. Miller Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States 2006 Oxford University Press New York, NY
4. National Trauma Data Standard Data Dictionary 2011 Admissions http://www.ntdsdictionary.org/dataElements/documents/NTDS2011-Final3.pdf Accessed May 12, 2011
5. B. Roudsari, C. Field, R. Caetano Clustered and missing data in the US National Trauma Data Bank: implications for analysis Inj Prev 14 2008 96 100
6. NTDB Annual Report 2010 http://www.facs.org/trauma/ntdb/ ntdbannualreport2010.pdf Accessed May 12, 2011
7. T.A. Oyetunji, D.C. Chang, J.G. Crompton, W.R. Greene, D.T. Efron, E.R. Haut Redefining hypotension in the elderly: Normotension is not reassuring Arch Surg 146 2011 865 869
8. A.H. Haider, J.G. Crompton, D.C. Chang Evidence of hormonal basis for improved survival among females with trauma-associated shock: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 69 2010 537 540
9. O.B. Bolorunduro, C. Villegas, T.A. Oyetunji Validating the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in different populations: ISS predicts mortality better among Hispanics and females J Surg Res 166 2011 40 44
10. T. Oyetunji, J.G. Crompton, D.T. Efron Simplifying physiologic injury severity measurement for predicting trauma outcomes J Surg Res 159 2010 627 632
11. A.H. Haider, D.C. Chang, E.R. Haut Mechanism of injury predicts patient mortality and impairment after blunt trauma J Surg Res 153 2009 138 142
12. F.H. Millham, W.W. LaMorte Factors associated with mortality in trauma: re-evaluation of the TRISS method using the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 56 2004 1090 1096 (Pubitemid 38788738)
13. J.J. DuBose, T. Browder, K. Inaba Effect of trauma center designation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury Arch Surg 143 2008 1213 1217 discussion 1217
14. D. Demetriades, M. Martin, A. Salim Relationship between American College of Surgeons trauma center designation and mortality in patients with severe trauma (Injury Severity Score > 15) J Am Coll Surg 202 2006 212 215 (Pubitemid 43112478)
15. D. Demetriades, M. Martin, A. Salim The effect of trauma center designation and trauma volume on outcome in specific severe injuries Ann Surg 242 2005 512 517 discussion 517-519
16. L.G. Glance, T.M. Osler, A. Dick The relation between trauma center outcome and volume in the National Trauma Databank J Trauma 56 2004 682 690 (Pubitemid 38523726)
17. L.G. Glance, T.M. Osler, A.W. Dick The Survival Measurement and Reporting Trial for Trauma (SMARTT): background and study design J Trauma 68 2010 1491 1497
18. A.B. Nathens, W. Xiong, S. Shafi Ranking of trauma center performance: the bare essentials J Trauma 65 2008 628 635
19. J.G. Crompton, K.M. Pollack, T. Oyetunji Racial disparities in motorcycle-related mortality: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank Am J Surg 200 2010 191 196
20. W. Hakmeh, J. Barker, S.M. Szpunar Effect of race and insurance on outcome of pediatric trauma Acad Emerg Med 17 2010 809 812
21. R.S. Maybury, O.B. Bolorunduro, C. Villegas Pedestrians struck by motor vehicles further worsen race- and insurance-based disparities in trauma outcomes: the case for inner-city pedestrian injury prevention programs Surgery 148 2010 202 208
22. W.R. Greene, T.A. Oyetunji, U. Bowers Insurance status is a potent predictor of outcomes in both blunt and penetrating trauma Am J Surg 199 2010 554 557
23. H. Rosen, F. Saleh, S. Lipsitz Downwardly mobile: the accidental cost of being uninsured Arch Surg 144 2009 1006 1011
24. H. Rosen, F. Saleh, S.R. Lipsitz Lack of insurance negatively affects trauma mortality in US children J Pediatr Surg 44 2009 1952 1957
25. A.H. Haider, D.C. Chang, D.T. Efron Race and insurance status as risk factors for trauma mortality Arch Surg 143 2008 945 949
26. R.A. Falcone Jr, C. Martin, R.L. Brown Despite overall low pediatric head injury mortality, disparities exist between races J Pediatr Surg 43 2008 1858 1864
27. S. Shafi, C.M. de la Plata, R. Diaz-Arrastia Ethnic disparities exist in trauma care J Trauma 63 2007 1138 1142 (Pubitemid 350098542)
28. S.M. Bowman, D.P. Martin, S.R. Sharar Racial disparities in outcomes of persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury Med Care 45 2007 686 690
29. A.A. Kon, R.K. Pretzlaff, J.P. Marcin The association of race and ethnicity with rates of drug and alcohol testing among US trauma patients Health Policy 69 2004 159 167 (Pubitemid 38798439)
30. J.P. Marcin, R.K. Pretzlaff, H.L. Whittaker Evaluation of race and ethnicity on alcohol and drug testing of adolescents admitted with trauma Acad Emerg Med 10 2003 1253 1259 (Pubitemid 37377283)
31. R. Nirula, G. Nirula, L.M. Gentilello Inequity of rehabilitation services after traumatic injury J Trauma 66 2009 255 259
32. K.C. Sihler, M.R. Hemmila Injuries in nonurban areas are associated with increased disability at hospital discharge J Trauma 67 2009 903 909
33. R.F. Alban, C. Berry, E. Ley Does health care insurance affect outcomes after traumatic brain injury? Analysis of the National Trauma Databank Am Surg 76 2010 1108 1111
34. K.M. Bennett, S. Vaslef, T.N. Pappas The volume-outcomes relationship for United States Level I trauma centers J Surg Res 167 2011 19 23
35. S. Shafi, J. Parks, C. Ahn More operations, more deaths? Relationship between operative intervention rates and risk-adjusted mortality at trauma centers J Trauma 69 2010 70 77
36. S. Shafi, J. Parks, C. Ahn Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services quality indicators do not correlate with risk-adjusted mortality at trauma centers J Trauma 68 2010 771 777
37. S. Shafi, C. Ahn, J. Parks Quality of care within a trauma center is not altered by injury type J Trauma 68 2010 716 720
38. L.G. Glance, D.B. Mukamel, W. Meredith Hospital performance in caring for injured patients: does the type of injury make a difference? Arch Surg 144 2009 1121 1126
39. K.L. Sherwood, R.R. Price, T.W. White A role in trauma care for advanced practice clinicians JAAPA 22 2009 33 36 41
40. S. Shafi, A.B. Nathens, J. Parks Trauma quality improvement using risk-adjusted outcomes J Trauma 64 2008 599 604 discussion 604-606 (Pubitemid 351366875)
41. M.R. Hemmila, J.L. Jakubus, W.L. Wahl Detecting the blind spot: complications in the trauma registry and trauma quality improvement Surgery 142 2007 439 448 discussion 448-449
42. M.R. Hemmila, A.B. Nathens, S. Shafi The Trauma Quality Improvement Program: pilot study and initial demonstration of feasibility J Trauma 68 2010 253 262
43. K. Huseynova, W. Xiong, J.G. Ray Venous thromboembolism as a marker of quality of care in trauma J Am Coll Surg 208 2009 547 552 552.e1
44. E.R. Haut, D.C. Chang, C.A. Pierce Predictors of posttraumatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT): hospital practice versus patient factors-an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) J Trauma 66 2009 994 999 discussion 999-1001
45. C.A. Pierce, E.R. Haut, S. Kardooni Surveillance bias and deep vein thrombosis in the National Trauma Data Bank: the more we look, the more we find J Trauma 64 2008 932 936 discussion 936-937 (Pubitemid 351521880)
46. K.J. Brasel, H.J. Lim, R. Nirula Length of stay: an appropriate quality measure? Arch Surg 142 2007 461 465 discussion 465-466 (Pubitemid 46799802)
47. H.J. Lim, R. Hoffmann, K. Brasel Factors influencing discharge location after hospitalization resulting from a traumatic fall among older persons J Trauma 63 2007 902 907 (Pubitemid 350287314)
48. D. Gomez, B. Haas, M. Hemmila Hips can lie: impact of excluding isolated hip fractures on external benchmarking of trauma center performance J Trauma 69 2010 1037 1041
49. S. Shafi, S. Barnes, D. Nicewander Health care reform at trauma centers-mortality, complications, and length of stay J Trauma 69 2010 1367 1371
50. R. Nirula, K. Brasel Do trauma centers improve functional outcomes: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis? J Trauma 61 2006 268 271 (Pubitemid 44265800)
51. J.J. Dubose, B. Putty, P.G. Teixeira The relationship between post-traumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia outcomes and American College of Surgeons trauma centre designation Injury 42 2011 40 43
52. G. Recinos, J.J. DuBose, P.G. Teixeira ACS trauma centre designation and outcomes of post-traumatic ARDS: NTDB analysis and implications for trauma quality improvement Injury 40 2009 856 859
53. J. Parks, L.M. Gentilello, S. Shafi Financial triage in transfer of trauma patients: a myth or a reality? Am J Surg 198 2009 e35 e38
54. K.J. Koval, C.W. Tingey, K.F. Spratt Are patients being transferred to level-I trauma centers for reasons other than medical necessity? J Bone Joint Surg Am 88 2006 2124 2132 (Pubitemid 44536773)
55. F. Millham, N.B. Jain Are there racial disparities in trauma care? World J Surg 33 2009 23 33
56. G.E. Ryb, C. Cooper Race/ethnicity and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a National Trauma Data Bank study J Natl Med Assoc 102 2010 865 869
57. B.R. Taira, H. Meng, M.S. Goodman Does "off-hours" admission affect burn patient outcome? Burns 35 2009 1092 1096
58. C.A. Morrison, M.M. Wyatt, M.M. Carrick Impact of the 80-hour work week on mortality and morbidity in trauma patients: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Surg Res 154 2009 157 162
59. J.G. Crompton, T. Oyetunji, K.A. Stevens Motorcycle helmets save lives, but not limbs: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis of functional outcomes after motorcycle crash J Surg Res 158 2010 1 5
60. J.A. London, F.D. Battistella Testing for substance use in trauma patients: are we doing enough? Arch Surg 142 2007 633 638 (Pubitemid 47080441)
61. J.C. Hundley, P.D. Kilgo, P.R. Miller Non-helmeted motorcyclists: a burden to society? A study using the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 57 2004 944 949 (Pubitemid 39579276)
62. M.A. Croce, B.L. Zarzaur, L.J. Magnotti Impact of motorcycle helmets and state laws on society's burden: a national study Ann Surg 250 2009 390 394
63. T. O'Keeffe, S. Shafi, J.L. Sperry The implications of alcohol intoxication and the Uniform Policy Provision Law on trauma centers; a National Trauma Data Bank analysis of minimally injured patients J Trauma 66 2009 495 498
64. S.M. Bowman, M.E. Aitken, J.C. Helmkamp Impact of helmets on injuries to riders of all-terrain vehicle Inj Prev 15 2009 3 7
65. J.S. Cummins, K.J. Koval, R.V. Cantu Risk of injury associated with the use of seat belts and air bags in motor vehicle crashes Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 66 2008 290 296
66. K.J. Koval, M. Cooley, R.V. Cantu The effects of alcohol on in-hospital mortality in drivers admitted after motor vehicle accidents Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 66 2008 27 34 (Pubitemid 351419163)
67. L. Boulanger, A.V. Joshi, B.J. Tortella Excess mortality, length of stay, and costs associated with serious hemorrhage among trauma patients: findings from the National Trauma Data Bank Am Surg 73 2007 1269 1274 (Pubitemid 351396505)
68. R. Nirula, L.M. Gentilello Futility of resuscitation criteria for the "young" old and the "old" old trauma patient: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis J Trauma 57 2004 37 41 (Pubitemid 39079225)
69. T. Lustenberger, K. Inaba, P. Talving Bicyclists injured by automobiles: relationship of age to injury type and severity-a National Trauma Databank analysis J Trauma 69 2010 1120 1125
70. T. Lustenberger, P. Talving, G. Barmparas Skateboard-related injuries: not to be taken lightly A National Trauma Databank Analysis J Trauma 69 2010 924 927
71. S.P. Acierno, G.J. Jurkovich, A.B. Nathens Is pediatric trauma still a surgical disease? Patterns of emergent operative intervention in the injured child J Trauma 56 2004 960 964 discussion 965-966
72. G. Barmparas, K. Inaba, P. Talving Pediatric vs adult vascular trauma: a National Trauma Databank review J Pediatr Surg 45 2010 1404 1412
73. D.E. Clark, F.L. Lucas, L.M. Ryan Predicting hospital mortality, length of stay, and transfer to long-term care for injured patients J Trauma 62 2007 592 600 (Pubitemid 46568856)
74. E.R. Haut, B.T. Kalish, D.T. Efron Spine immobilization in penetrating trauma: more harm than good? J Trauma 68 2010 115 120 discussion 120-121
75. B. Sangthong, D. Demetriades, M. Martin Management and hospital outcomes of blunt renal artery injuries: analysis of 517 patients from the National Trauma Data Bank J Am Coll Surg 203 2006 612 617 (Pubitemid 44648772)
76. S. Shafi, L. Gentilello Pre-hospital endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation is associated with hypotension and decreased survival in hypovolemic trauma patients: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 59 2005 1140 1145 discussion 1145-1147
77. Y.J. Kim Night admission to the emergency department: a factor delaying time to surgery in patients with head injury J Clin Nurs 19 2010 2763 2770
78. M.M. Knudson, D.G. Ikossi, L. Khaw Thromboembolism after trauma: an analysis of 1602 episodes from the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank Ann Surg 240 2004 490 496 discussion 496-498
79. A.M. Deladisma, W. Parker, R. Medeiros All-terrain vehicle trauma in the elderly: an analysis of a national database Am Surg 74 2008 767 769
80. C.B. Irvin, S. Szpunar, L.A. Cindrich Should trauma patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 be intubated prior to hospital arrival? Prehosp Disaster Med 25 2010 541 546
81. K. Spaniolas, J.D. Cheng, M.L. Gestring Ground level falls are associated with significant mortality in elderly patients J Trauma 69 2010 821 825
82. A.H. Haider, J.G. Crompton, T. Oyetunji Females have fewer complications and lower mortality following trauma than similarly injured males: a risk adjusted analysis of adults in the National Trauma Data Bank Surgery 146 2009 308 315
83. R.L. George, G. McGwin Jr, J. Metzger The association between gender and mortality among trauma patients as modified by age J Trauma 54 2003 464 471 (Pubitemid 36383742)
84. R.L. George, G. McGwin Jr, M.G. Schwacha The association between sex and mortality among burn patients as modified by age J Burn Care Rehabil 26 2005 416 421 (Pubitemid 41433681)
85. C. Berry, E.J. Ley, A. Tillou The effect of gender on patients with moderate to severe head injuries J Trauma 67 2009 95 103
86. A.M. Ingraham, W. Xiong, M.R. Hemmila The attributable mortality and length of stay of trauma-related complications: a matched cohort study Ann Surg 252 2010 358 362
87. K.M. Bennett, S.N. Vaslef, M.L. Shapiro Does intent matter? The medical and societal burden of self-inflicted injury J Trauma 67 2009 841 847
88. A. Salim, E.J. Ley, H.G. Cryer Positive serum ethanol level and mortality in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury Arch Surg 144 2009 865 871
89. G. Bauz, W.W. Lamorte, P.A. Burke High mortality in elderly drivers is associated with distinct injury patterns: analysis of 187,869 injured drivers J Trauma 64 2008 304 310 (Pubitemid 351640432)
90. M. Crandall, F. Luchette, T.J. Esposito Attempted suicide and the elderly trauma patient: risk factors and outcomes J Trauma 62 2007 1021 1027 discussion 1027-1028 (Pubitemid 46624245)
91. W. Li, M. D'Ayala, A. Hirshberg Comparison of conservative and operative treatment for blunt carotid injuries: analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Vasc Surg 51 2010 593 599 599.e1-2
92. C.A. Morrison, M.M. Wyatt, M.M. Carrick Effects of human immunodeficiency virus status on trauma outcomes: a review of the national trauma database Surg Infect (Larchmt) 11 2010 41 47
93. P.G. Teixeira, K. Inaba, D. Oncel Blunt cardiac rupture: a 5-year NTDB analysis J Trauma 67 2009 788 791
94. M. Crandall, M.B. Shapiro, M.A. West Does splenectomy protect against immune-mediated complications in blunt trauma patients? Mol Med 15 2009 263 267
95. Z.M. Arthurs, B.W. Starnes, V.Y. Sohn Functional and survival outcomes in traumatic blunt thoracic aortic injuries: An analysis of the National Trauma Databank J Vasc Surg 49 2009 988 994
96. S. Morshed, T. Miclau 3rd, O. Bembom Delayed internal fixation of femoral shaft fracture reduces mortality among patients with multisystem trauma J Bone Joint Surg Am 91 2009 3 13
97. J.J. DuBose, K. Inaba, P.G. Teixeira Pyloric exclusion in the treatment of severe duodenal injuries: results from the National Trauma Data Bank Am Surg 74 2008 925 929
98. S.H. O'Brien, S.D. Candrilli In the absence of a central venous catheter, risk of venous thromboembolism is low in critically injured children, adolescents, and young adults: Evidence from the National Trauma Data Bank Pediatr Crit Care Med 12 2011 251 256
99. B.C. Reuben, M.G. Whitten, M. Sarfati Increasing use of endovascular therapy in acute arterial injuries: analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Vasc Surg 46 2007 1222 1226
100. M.J. Martin, J.M. McDonald, P.S. Mullenix Operative management and outcomes of traumatic lung resection J Am Coll Surg 203 2006 336 344 (Pubitemid 44247745)
101. P.S. Mullenix, S.R. Steele, C.A. Andersen Limb salvage and outcomes among patients with traumatic popliteal vascular injury: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Vasc Surg 44 2006 94 100 (Pubitemid 43975269)
102. R.S. Martin, P.D. Kilgo, P.R. Miller Injury-associated hypothermia: an analysis of the 2004 National Trauma Data Bank Shock 24 2005 114 118 (Pubitemid 41105507)
103. D.G. Ikossi, A.A. Lazar, D. Morabito Profile of mothers at risk: an analysis of injury and pregnancy loss in 1,195 trauma patients J Am Coll Surg 200 2005 49 56 (Pubitemid 41583115)
104. J.M. Santaniello, F.A. Luchette, T.J. Esposito Ten year experience of burn, trauma, and combined burn/trauma injuries comparing outcomes J Trauma 57 2004 696 700 dicussion 700-701
105. G.M. Howell, A.B. Peitzman, R. Nirula Delay to therapeutic interventional radiology postinjury: time is of the essence J Trauma 68 2010 1296 1300
106. B.L. Zarzaur, M.A. Croce, L.J. Magnotti Identifying life-threatening shock in the older injured patient: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 68 2010 1134 1138
107. M.A. Bjurlin, R.J. Fantus, M.M. Mellett Genitourinary injuries in pelvic fracture morbidity and mortality using the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 67 2009 1033 1039
108. S. Shafi, R. Diaz-Arrastia, C. Madden Intracranial pressure monitoring in brain-injured patients is associated with worsening of survival J Trauma 64 2008 335 340 (Pubitemid 351640438)
109. G. McGwin Jr, R.L. George, J.M. Cross Improving the ability to predict mortality among burn patients Burns 34 2008 320 327 (Pubitemid 351391900)
110. J.K. Parks, A.C. Elliott, L.M. Gentilello Systemic hypotension is a late marker of shock after trauma: a validation study of Advanced Trauma Life Support principles in a large national sample Am J Surg 192 2006 727 731 (Pubitemid 44872992)
111. L.S. Kao, S.R. Todd, F.A. Moore The impact of diabetes on outcome in traumatically injured patients: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank Am J Surg 192 2006 710 714 (Pubitemid 44854812)
112. R.S. Burd, T.S. Jang, S.S. Nair Predicting hospital mortality among injured children using a national trauma database J Trauma 60 2006 792 801
113. R.S. Friese, S. Shafi, L.M. Gentilello Pulmonary artery catheter use is associated with reduced mortality in severely injured patients: a National Trauma Data Bank analysis of 53,312 patients Crit Care Med 34 2006 1597 1601 (Pubitemid 43810036)
114. J.K. Kuan, J.L. Wright, A.B. Nathens American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale for kidney injuries predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in patients with blunt injury and nephrectomy for penetrating injuries J Trauma 60 2006 351 356
115. J.L. Wright, A.B. Nathens, F.P. Rivara Renal and extrarenal predictors of nephrectomy from the National Trauma Data Bank J Urol 175 2006 970 975 discussion 975
116. A. Cook, S. Shackford, T. Osler Use of vena cava filters in pediatric trauma patients: data from the National Trauma Data Bank J Trauma 59 2005 1114 1120 (Pubitemid 43060966)
117. S. Shafi, A.C. Elliott, L. Gentilello Is hypothermia simply a marker of shock and injury severity or an independent risk factor for mortality in trauma patients? Analysis of a large national trauma registry J Trauma 59 2005 1081 1085 (Pubitemid 43060961)
118. S. Shafi, L. Gentilello Hypotension does not increase mortality in brain-injured patients more than it does in non-brain-injured Patients J Trauma 59 2005 830 834 discussion 834-835
119. M.J. Martin, J. Weng, D. Demetriades Patterns of injury and functional outcome after hanging: analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank Am J Surg 190 2005 836 840 (Pubitemid 41674608)
120. A. Hawkins, P.A. Maclennan, G. McGwin Jr The impact of combined trauma and burns on patient mortality J Trauma 58 2005 284 288 (Pubitemid 40256104)
121. G. McGwin Jr, P.A. MacLennan, J.B. Fife Preexisting conditions and mortality in older trauma patients J Trauma 56 2004 1291 1296 (Pubitemid 38901843)
122. M.R. Hemmila, S. Arbabi, S.A. Rowe Delayed repair for blunt thoracic aortic injury: is it really equivalent to early repair? J Trauma 56 2004 13 23 (Pubitemid 38182156)
123. K.D. Baldwin, P. Ohman-Strickland, S. Mehta Scapula fractures: a marker for concomitant injury? A retrospective review of data in the National Trauma Database J Trauma 65 2008 430 435
124. G. Barmparas, J. DuBose, P.G. Teixeira Risk factors for empyema after diaphragmatic injury: results of a National Trauma Databank analysis J Trauma 66 2009 1672 1676
125. B.C. Branco, D. Plurad, D.J. Green Incidence and clinical predictors for tracheostomy after cervical spinal cord injury: A National Trauma Databank review J Trauma 7-0 2011 111 115
126. R.F. Cestero, D. Plurad, D. Green Iliac artery injuries and pelvic fractures: a national trauma database analysis of associated injuries and outcomes J Trauma 67 2009 715718
127. S.R. Heckman, S.Z. Trooskin, R.S. Burd Risk factors for blunt thoracic aortic injury in children J Pediatr Surg 40 2005 98 102 (Pubitemid 40143539)
128. A.B. Nathens, F.P. Rivara, C.D. Mack Variations in rates of tracheostomy in the critically ill trauma patient Crit Care Med 34 2006 2919 2924 (Pubitemid 44808732)
129. T.J. Stone, P.J. Riesenman, A.G. Charles Red blood cell transfusion within the first 24 hours of admission is associated with increased mortality in the pediatric trauma population: a retrospective cohort study J Trauma Manag Outcomes 2 2008 9
130. S.J. Pocock, S.E. Assmann, L.E. Enos, L.E. Kasten Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: Current practice and problems Stat Med 21 2002 2917 2930
131. D.B. Rubin Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys 1987 J Wiley & Sons New York
132. T.A. Oyetunji, J.G. Crompton, I.D. Ehanire Multiple imputation in trauma disparity research J Surg Res 165 2011 e37 e41
133. M. Huberman, B. Langholz Application of the missing-indicator method in matched case-control studies with incomplete data Am J Epidemiol 150 1999 1340
134. NTDB User Manual 7.2 http://www.facs.org/trauma/ntdb/usermanual72.pdf Accessed May 12, 2011
135. American College of Surgeons Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient 2006 American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma Chicago, IL
136. H.R. Champion, W.S. Copes, W.J. Sacco The Major Trauma Outcome Study: establishing national norms for trauma care J Trauma 30 1990 1356 1365
137. L.G. Glance, T.M. Osler, D.B. Mukamel Expert consensus vs empirical estimation of injury severity: effect on quality measurement in trauma Arch Surg 144 2009 326 332 discussion 332
138. B. Roudsari, C. Field, R. Caetano Clustered and missing data in the US National Trauma Data Bank: implications for analysis Inj Prev 14 2008 96 100
139. S. Kardooni, E.R. Haut, D.C. Chang Hazards of benchmarking complications with the National Trauma Data Bank: numerators in search of denominators J Trauma 64 2008 273 277 discussion 277-279 (Pubitemid 351640425)
140. G.M. O'Reilly, D.J. Jolley, P.A. Cameron Missing in action: a case study of the application of methods for dealing with missing data to trauma system benchmarking Acad Emerg Med 17 2010 1122 1129
141. L. Moore, J.A. Hanley, A.F. Turgeon A multiple imputation model for imputing missing physiologic data in the national trauma data bank J Am Coll Surg 209 2009 572 579
142. L. Moore, J.A. Hanley, A. Lavoie, A. Turgeon Evaluating the validity of multiple imputation for missing physiological data in the national trauma data bank J Emerg Trauma Shock 2 2009 73 79
143. P.M. Reilly, C.W. Schwab, D.R. Kauder The invisible trauma patient: emergency department discharges J Trauma 58 2005 675 683 discussion 683-685
144. L. Moore, D.E. Clark The value of trauma registries Injury 39 2008 686 695