Modularity, noise, and natural selection

Evolution

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1506-1524

  Marroig, Gabriel ^a   Melo, Diogo A R ^a   Garcia, Guilherme ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Models simulations; Morphological evolution; Pleiotropy; Quantitative genetics; Selection natural

Indexed keywords

COVARIANCE ANALYSIS; DATABASE; ERROR ANALYSIS; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; GENETIC VARIATION; MATRIX; NATURAL SELECTION; NOISE; PLEIOTROPY; PRIMATE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RECONSTRUCTION; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CEBIDAE; EVOLUTION; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; HISTOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SAMPLE SIZE; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SKULL;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; CEBIDAE; GENETIC VARIATION; MODELS, GENETIC; SAMPLE SIZE; SELECTION, GENETIC; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; SKULL;

PLATYRRHINI;

EID: 84860139147     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01555.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Anderson, T. W. 2003. An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ
2. Berg, R. L. 1960. The ecological significance of correlation pleiades. Evolution 14:171-180.
3. Boag, P. T. 1983. The heritability of external morphology in Darwin's ground finches (Geospiza) on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos. Evolution 37:877-894.
4. Bookstein, F. L., B. Chernoff, R. Elder, G. Humphries Smith, and R. Strauss 1985. Morphometrics in evolutionary biology. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
5. Caswell, H. 2001. Matrix Population Models: construction, analyses and interpretation. Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, MA
6. Caswell, H. 2008. Perturbation analysis of nonlinear matrix population models. Demogr. Res. 18:59-116.
7. Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., and A. Piazza 1975. Analysis of evolution: evolutionary rates, independence, and treeness. Theor. Pop. Biol. 8:127-165.
8. Cheverud, J. M. 1988. A comparison of genetic and phenotypic correlations. Evolution 42:958-968.
9. Cheverud, J. M. 1995. Morphological integration in the saddle-back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) cranium. Am. Nat. 145:63-89.
10. Cheverud, J. M. 1996. Quantitative genetic analysis of cranial morphology in the cotton-top (Saguinus oedipus) and saddle-back (S. fuscicollis) tamarins. J. Evol. Biol. 9:5-42.
11. Dochtermann, N. A. 2011. Testing Cheverud's conjecture for behavioral correlations and behavioral syndromes. Evol. 65:1814-1820.
12. Efron, B. 1982. Maximum likelihood and decision theory. Ann. Stat. 10:340-356.
13. Falconer, D. S., and Mackay, T. F. C. 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex
14. Grant, P. R., and Grant, B. R. 1995. Predicting microevolutionary responses to directional selection on heritable variation. Evolution 49:241-251.
15. Hayden, A. F., and E. R. Twede 2002. Observations on the relationship between eigenvalues, instrument noise and detection. Proc. SPIE 4816:355-362.
16. Hill, W. G., and R. Thompson 1978. Probabilities of non-positive definite between-group or genetic covariance matrices. Biometrics 34:429-439.
17. Hine, E., and M. W. Blows 2006. Determining the effective dimensionality of the genetic variance-covariance matrix. Genetics 173:1135-1144.
18. Horn, J. L. 1965. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika 30:179-185.
19. Kelly, J. K. 2009. Connecting QTLs to the G-matrix of evolutionary quantitative genetics. Evolution 63:813-825.
20. Klingenberg, C. P. 2008. Morphological integration and developmental modularity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 39:115-132.
21. Lande, R. 1979. Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution applied to brain: body size allometry. Evolution 33:402-416.
22. Lande, R., and S. J. Arnold 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37:1210-1226.
23. Ledoit, O., and M. Wolf 2003. Improved estimation of the covariance matrix of stock returns with an application to portfolio selection. J. Empir. Finance 10:603-621.
24. Lofsvold, D. 1988. Quantitative genetics of morphological differentiation in peromyscus. II. Analysis of selection and drift. Evolution 42:54-67.
25. Lynch, M., and B. Walsh 1998. Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
26. Marroig, G., and J. M. Cheverud 2001. A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology, and ontogeny during cranial evolution of new world monkeys. Evolution 55:2576-2600.
27. Marroig, G., and J. M. Cheverud 2004. Did natural selection or genetic drift produce the cranial diversification of neotropical monkeys? Am. Nat. 163:417-428.
28. Marroig, G., and J. M. Cheverud 2005. Size as a line of least evolutionary resistance: diet and adaptive morphological radiation in new world monkeys. Evolution 59:1128-1142.
29. Marroig, G., and J. M. Cheverud 2010. Size as a line of least resistance II: direct selection on size or correlated response due to constraints? Evolution 64:1470-1488.
30. Marroig, G., L. Shirai, A. Porto, F. de. Oliveira, and V. de. Conto 2009. The evolution of modularity in the mammalian skull II: evolutionary consequences. Evol. Biol. 36:136-148.
31. Mayr, E. 1982. The growth of biological thought: diversity, evolution and inheritance. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA
32. McGuigan, K., and M. W. Blows 2010. Evolvability of individual traits in a multivariate context: partitioning the additive genetic variance into common and specific components. evolution 64:1899-1911.
33. Meyer, K., and Kirkpatrick, M. 2008. Perils of parsimony: properties of reduced-rank estimates of genetic covariance matrices. Genetics 180:1153-1166.
34. Mezey, J. G., and D. Houle 2005. The dimensionality of genetic variation for wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 59:1027-1038.
35. Mousseau, T. A., and D. A. Roff 1987. Natural selection and the heritability of fitness components. Heredity 59:181-197.
36. Nowick, K., T. Gernat, E. Almaas, and L. Stubbs 2009. Differences in human and chimpanzee gene expression patterns define an evolving network of transcription factors in brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106:22358-22363.
37. Oldham, M. C., S. Horvath, and D. H. Geschwind 2006. Conservation and evolution of gene coexpression networks in human and chimpanzee brains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103:17973-17978.
38. Oliveira, F. B., A. Porto, and G. Marroig 2009. Covariance structure in the skull of Catarrhini: a case of pattern stasis and magnitude evolution. J. Hum. Evol. 56:417-430.
39. Olson, E., and R. Miller 1958. Morphological integration. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
40. Pavlicev, M., J. M. Cheverud, and G. P. Wagner 2009a. Measuring morphological integration using eigenvalue variance. Evol. Biol. 36:157-170.
41. Pavlicev, M., G. P. Wagner, and J. M. Cheverud 2009b. Measuring evolutionary constraints through the dimensionality of the phenotype: adjusted bootstrap method to estimate rank of phenotypic covariance matrices. Evol. Biol. 36:339-353.
42. Porto, A., F. B. Oliveira, L. T. Shirai, V. de Conto, and G. Marroig 2009. The evolution of modularity in the mammalian skull I: morphological integration patterns and magnitudes. Evol. Biol. 36:118-135.
43. Reusch, T., and W. U. Blanckenhorn 1998. Quantitative genetics of the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea: Cheverud's conjecture revisited. Heredity 81:111-119.
44. Roff, D. A. 1995. The estimation of genetic correlations from phenotypic correlations: a test of Cheverud's conjecture. Heredity 74:481-490.
45. Schafer, J., and K. Strimmer 2005. A shrinkage approach to large-scale covariance matrix estimation and implications for functional genomics. Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. 4:1-32.
46. Shaw, R. G. 1987. Maximum-likelihood approaches applied to quantitative genetics of natural populations. Evolution 41:812-826.
47. Shaw, R. G. 1991. The comparison of quantitative genetic parameters between populations. Evolution 45:143-151.
48. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W. H. Freeman, New York
49. Stein, C. 1956. Inadmissibility of the usual estimator for the mean of a multivariate distribution. Proc. Berk. Symp. Math. Stat. Prob. 1:197-206.
50. Twede, E. R., and A. F. Hayden 2004. Refinement and generalization of the extension method of covariance matrix inversion by regularization for spectral filtering optimization imaging. Proc. SPIE 5159:299-306.
51. Wagner, G. P. 1984. On the eigenvalue distribution of genetic and phenotypic dispersion matrices: evidence for a nonrandom organization of quantitative character variation. J. Math. Biol. 21:77-95.
52. Wagner, G. P., M. Pavlicev, and J. M. Cheverud, 2007. The road to modularity. Nature reviews. Genetics 8:921-931.
53. Waitt, D. E., and D. A. Levin, 1998. Genetic and phenotypic correlations in plants: a botanical test of Cheverud's conjecture. Heredity 80:310-319.
54. Wildman, D. E., N. M. Jameson, J. C. Opazo, and S. V. Yi 2009. A fully resolved genus level phylogeny of neotropical primates (Platyrrhini). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 53:694-702.
55. Young, N. M., G. P. Wagner, and B. Hallgrímsson 2010. Development and the evolvability of human limbs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107:3400-3405.