메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 233-245

A survey of the attitudes of stakeholders in the zoo industry towards the husbandry requirements of captive Great Apes

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Great ape; Husbandry; Stakeholder; Survey; Zoo

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMAL WELFARE; APE; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CONSENSUS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; ONLINE ANALYSIS; ORANG UTAN; SCIENTIST; STAFF; VETERINARY MEDICINE; ZOO ANIMAL;

EID: 84860116911     PISSN: 09627286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7120/09627286.21.2.233     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (63)
  • 4
    • 0032721850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the animal needs index (ANI) for the assessment of animals' well-being in the housing systems for Austrian proprietary products and legislation
    • Bartussek H 1999 A review of the animal needs index (ANI) for the assessment of animals' well-being in the housing systems for Austrian proprietary products and legislation. Livestock Production Science 61: 179-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301- 6226(99)00067-6
    • (1999) Livestock Production Science , vol.61 , pp. 179-192
    • Bartussek, H.1
  • 5
    • 33845645912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals
    • Bassett L and Buchanan-Smith HM 2007 Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102: 223-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim. 2006.05.029
    • (2007) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.102 , pp. 223-245
    • Bassett, L.1    Buchanan-Smith, H.M.2
  • 6
    • 2342642831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of a camouflage net barrier on the behaviour, welfare and public perceptions of zoohoused gorillas
    • Blaney E and Wells D 2004 The influence of a camouflage net barrier on the behaviour, welfare and public perceptions of zoohoused gorillas. Animal Welfare 13: 111-118
    • (2004) Animal Welfare , vol.13 , pp. 111-118
    • Blaney, E.1    Wells, D.2
  • 7
    • 22944442414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social management of captive chimpanzees
    • Brent L (ed) American Society of Primatologists: San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Bloomsmith MA and Baker KC 2001 Social management of captive chimpanzees. In Brent L (ed) The Care and Management of Captive Chimpanzees pp 205-242. American Society of Primatologists: San Antonio, TX, USA
    • (2001) The Care and Management of Captive Chimpanzees , pp. 205-242
    • Bloomsmith, M.A.1    Baker, K.C.2
  • 9
    • 84987214002 scopus 로고
    • Several examinations on the reproductive status of lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) at Hannover Zoo
    • Bö?er M 1983 Several examinations on the reproductive status of lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) at Hannover Zoo. Zoo Biology, 2: 267-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430020403
    • (1983) Zoo Biology , vol.2 , pp. 267-280
    • Böer, M.1
  • 11
    • 0000587490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term use of televisions, balls, and mirrors as enrichment for paired and singly caged chimpanzees
    • Brent L and Stone A 1996 Long-term use of televisions, balls, and mirrors as enrichment for paired and singly caged chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology 39: 139-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)39: 2〈139::AIDAJP5〉 3.0.CO;2-#
    • (1996) American Journal of Primatology , vol.39 , pp. 139-145
    • Brent, L.1    Stone, A.2
  • 12
    • 0001070013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of captivity on the behavior of wild mammals
    • Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson KV and Lumpkin A (eds) The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USA
    • Carlstead K 1996 Effects of captivity on the behavior of wild mammals In: Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson KV and Lumpkin A (eds) Wild Mammals in Captivity pp 317-332. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USA
    • (1996) Wild Mammals in Captivity , pp. 317-332
    • Carlstead, K.1
  • 13
    • 84995172057 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and adrenocortical responses to environmental changes in leopard cats ( Felis bengalensis )
    • Carlsted K, Brown JL and Seidensticker J 1993 Behavioral and adrenocortical responses to environmental changes in leopard cats ( Felis bengalensis ). Zoo Biology 12: 321-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430120403
    • (1993) Zoo Biology , vol.12 , pp. 321-331
    • Carlsted, K.1    Brown, J.L.2    Seidensticker, J.3
  • 14
    • 42549161023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of a new vertical structure in mitigating aggressive behaviour in a large group of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Caws CE, Wehnelt S and Aureli F 2008 The effect of a new vertical structure in mitigating aggressive behaviour in a large group of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animal Welfare 17: 149-154
    • (2008) Animal Welfare , vol.17 , pp. 149-154
    • Caws, C.E.1    Wehnelt, S.2    Aureli, F.3
  • 16
    • 79958756395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental enrichment for monkeys using plants
    • Chamove AS 2005 Environmental enrichment for monkeys using plants. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 44: 1-5
    • (2005) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.44 , pp. 1-5
    • Chamove, A.S.1
  • 17
    • 0029446458 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural responses of long-tailed macaques to different cage sizes and common laboratory experiences
    • Crockett CM, Bowers CL, Shimoji M, Leu M, Bowden DM and Sackett GP 1995 Behavioural responses of long-tailed macaques to different cage sizes and common laboratory experiences. Journal of Comparative Psychology 109: 368-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.109.4.368
    • (1995) Journal of Comparative Psychology , vol.109 , pp. 368-383
    • Crockett, C.M.1    Bowers, C.L.2    Shimoji, M.3    Leu, M.4    Bowden, D.M.5    Sackett, G.P.6
  • 18
    • 0033775641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior, appetite, and urinary cortisol responses by adult female pigtailed macaques to cage size, cage level, room change, and ketamine sedation
    • Crockett CM, Shimoii M and Bowden DM 2000 Behavior, appetite, and urinary cortisol responses by adult female pigtailed macaques to cage size, cage level, room change, and ketamine sedation. American Journal of Primatology 52: 63-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2345(200010)52:2〈63::AIDAJP1〉 3.0.CO;2-K
    • (2000) American Journal of Primatology , vol.52 , pp. 63-80
    • Crockett, C.M.1    Shimoii, M.2    Bowden, D.M.3
  • 19
    • 0002716081 scopus 로고
    • Differential rearing of the chimpanzee: A project survey
    • Bourne GH (ed) Karger: Basel, Switzerland
    • Davenport RK and Rogers CM 1970 Differential rearing of the chimpanzee: a project survey. In Bourne GH (ed) The Chimpanzee pp 337-360. Karger: Basel, Switzerland
    • (1970) The Chimpanzee , pp. 337-360
    • Davenport, R.K.1    Rogers, C.M.2
  • 21
    • 84860188297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques that promote the psychological wellbeing of captive primates and their application in the husbandry and management of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Lincoln Park Zoo and at Lester E Fisher Great Ape House
    • Elsner R 2002 Techniques that promote the psychological wellbeing of captive primates and their application in the husbandry and management of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Lincoln Park Zoo and at Lester E Fisher Great Ape House. Animal Keeper's Forum 29: 66-84
    • (2002) Animal Keeper's Forum , vol.29 , pp. 66-84
    • Elsner, R.1
  • 22
    • 0002042178 scopus 로고
    • Strangers in a strange land: Abnormal behaviors or abnormal environments?
    • Erwin J, Maple T and Mitchell G (eds) Van Nostrand Reinhold Co: New York, USA
    • Erwin J and Deni R 1979 Strangers in a strange land: abnormal behaviors or abnormal environments? In: Erwin J, Maple T and Mitchell G (eds) Captivity and Behavior pp 1-28. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co: New York, USA
    • (1979) Captivity and Behavior , pp. 1-28
    • Erwin, J.1    Deni, R.2
  • 23
    • 0001502095 scopus 로고
    • Science, values and animal welfare: Exploring the inextricable connection
    • Fraser D 1995 Science, values and animal welfare: exploring the inextricable connection. Animal Welfare 4: 103-117
    • (1995) Animal Welfare , vol.4 , pp. 103-117
    • Fraser, D.1
  • 25
    • 0017289194 scopus 로고
    • The effects of control over high intensity noise on plasma cortisol levels in rhesus monkeys
    • Hanson JD, Larson ME and Snowden CT 1976 The effects of control over high intensity noise on plasma cortisol levels in rhesus monkeys. Behavioral Biology 16: 333-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6773(76)91460-7
    • (1976) Behavioral Biology , vol.16 , pp. 333-340
    • Hanson, J.D.1    Larson, M.E.2    Snowden, C.T.3
  • 26
    • 33947681168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance allows bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a cooperative task
    • Hare B, Melis AP, Woods V, Hastings S and Wrangham R 2007 Tolerance allows bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a cooperative task. Current Biology 17: 619-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.040
    • (2007) Current Biology , vol.17 , pp. 619-623
    • Hare, B.1    Melis, A.P.2    Woods, V.3    Hastings, S.4    Wrangham, R.5
  • 27
    • 0034353945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orangutan use of vertical space in an innovative habitat
    • Hebert P and Bard K 2000 Orangutan use of vertical space in an innovative habitat. Zoo Biology 19: 239-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2361(2000)19: 4〈239::AIDZOO2〉 3.0.CO;2-7
    • (2000) Zoo Biology , vol.19 , pp. 239-251
    • Hebert, P.1    Bard, K.2
  • 28
    • 32444438730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and physiological aspects of stress and aggression in nonhuman primates
    • Honess PE and Marin CM 2006 Behavioural and physiological aspects of stress and aggression in nonhuman primates. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 30: 390-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.003
    • (2006) Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.30 , pp. 390-412
    • Honess, P.E.1    Marin, C.M.2
  • 29
    • 84860180008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 20 September 2010
    • International Species Information System (ISIS) 2010 ISIS Species Holdings. http://app.isis.org/abstracts/abs.asp. (Accessed 20 September 2010)
    • (2010) ISIS Species Holdings
  • 30
    • 0001349611 scopus 로고
    • Trade-off analysis of consumer values
    • Johnson R 1974 Trade-off analysis of consumer values. Journal of Marketing Research May: 121-127. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2307/3150548
    • (1974) Journal of Marketing Research May , pp. 121-127
    • Johnson, R.1
  • 32
    • 0002266761 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cage size and environmental enrichment on the behavioral and physiological responses of rhesus macaques to the stress of daily events
    • Novak MA and Petto AJ (eds) American Psychological Association: Washington DC, USA
    • Line SW, Markowitz H, Morgan KN and Strong S 1991 Effects of cage size and environmental enrichment on the behavioral and physiological responses of rhesus macaques to the stress of daily events. In: Novak MA and Petto AJ (eds) Through the Looking Glass: Issues of Psychological Well-being in Captive Nonhuman Primates pp 160-179. American Psychological Association: Washington DC, USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10080-016
    • (1991) Through the Looking Glass: Issues of Psychological Well-being in Captive Nonhuman Primates , pp. 160-179
    • Line, S.W.1    Markowitz, H.2    Morgan, K.N.3    Strong, S.4
  • 33
    • 0000157794 scopus 로고
    • Increased cage size does not alter heart rate or behavior in female rhesus monkeys
    • Line SW, Morgan KN, Markowitz H and Strong S 1990 Increased cage size does not alter heart rate or behavior in female rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 20: 107-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350200205
    • (1990) American Journal of Primatology , vol.20 , pp. 107-113
    • Line, S.W.1    Morgan, K.N.2    Markowitz, H.3    Strong, S.4
  • 34
    • 0003144709 scopus 로고
    • Uprooted trees facilitate the psychological well-being of captive chimpanzees
    • Maki S and Bloomsmith MA 1989 Uprooted trees facilitate the psychological well-being of captive chimpanzees. Zoo Biology 8: 79-88. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1002/zoo.1430080110
    • (1989) Zoo Biology , vol.8 , pp. 79-88
    • Maki, S.1    Bloomsmith, M.A.2
  • 35
    • 0036399712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early life experiences: Activity levels and abnormal behaviours in re-socialised chimpanzees
    • Martin J 2002 Early life experiences: activity levels and abnormal behaviours in re-socialised chimpanzees. Animal Welfare 11: 419-436
    • (2002) Animal Welfare , vol.11 , pp. 419-436
    • Martin, J.1
  • 36
    • 0002449095 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between anxiety, lack of control and loss of control
    • Steptoe A and Appels A (eds) John Wiley & Sons Ltd: Chichester, UK
    • Mineka S and Kelly KA 1989 The relationship between anxiety, lack of control and loss of control. In: Steptoe A and Appels A (eds) Stress, Personal Control and Health. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: Chichester, UK
    • (1989) Stress, Personal Control and Health
    • Mineka, S.1    Kelly, K.A.2
  • 37
    • 84990156514 scopus 로고
    • Orangutan activity budgets: Monthly variations and effect of body size, parturition, and sociality
    • Mitani JC 1989 Orangutan activity budgets: monthly variations and effect of body size, parturition, and sociality. American Journal of Primatology 18: 87-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ ajp.1350180203
    • (1989) American Journal of Primatology , vol.18 , pp. 87-100
    • Mitani, J.C.1
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0034826881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral responses of an infant gorilla to maternal separation in a captive social group of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
    • Nakamichi M, Silldorff A and Sexton P 2001 Behavioral responses of an infant gorilla to maternal separation in a captive social group of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Primates 42: 245-252. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1007/BF02629640
    • (2001) Primates , vol.42 , pp. 245-252
    • Nakamichi, M.1    Silldorff, A.2    Sexton, P.3
  • 41
    • 0003091870 scopus 로고
    • A room with a view for captive primates: Issues, goals, related research and strategies
    • Segal EF (ed), Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, NJ, USA
    • O'Neill P 1989 A room with a view for captive primates: issues, goals, related research and strategies. In Segal EF (ed), Housing, Care, and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates pp 135-160. Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, NJ, USA
    • (1989) Housing, Care, and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates , pp. 135-160
    • O'Neill, P.1
  • 42
    • 84995132132 scopus 로고
    • Variables that influence the activity of captive orangutans
    • Perkins LA 1992 Variables that influence the activity of captive orangutans. Zoo Biology 11: 177-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430110306
    • (1992) Zoo Biology , vol.11 , pp. 177-186
    • Perkins, L.A.1
  • 43
    • 0032542897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments
    • Perneger TV 1998 What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. British Medical Journal 316: 1236-1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236
    • (1998) British Medical Journal , vol.316 , pp. 1236-1238
    • Perneger, T.V.1
  • 44
    • 68349145965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of the importance of different welfare issues in livestock production in Australia
    • Phillips CJC, Wojciechowska J, Meng J and Cross N 2009 Perceptions of the importance of different welfare issues in livestock production in Australia. Animal 3: 1152-1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731109004479
    • (2009) Animal , vol.3 , pp. 1152-1166
    • Phillips, C.J.C.1    Wojciechowska, J.2    Meng, J.3    Cross, N.4
  • 45
    • 36048939437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on indoor and outdoor housing preferences of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
    • Pines MK, Kaplan G and Rogers LJ 2007 A note on indoor and outdoor housing preferences of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 108: 348-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.12.001
    • (2007) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.108 , pp. 348-353
    • Pines, M.K.1    Kaplan, G.2    Rogers, L.J.3
  • 46
    • 0029016215 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines and legal codes for the welfare of non-human primates in biomedical research
    • Poole TB 1995 Guidelines and legal codes for the welfare of non-human primates in biomedical research. Laboratory Animals 29: 244-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367795781088379
    • (1995) Laboratory Animals , vol.29 , pp. 244-249
    • Poole, T.B.1
  • 47
    • 0040773657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition
    • Ogden J and Wharton D (eds) Gorilla Species Survival Plan and the Atlanta/Fulton County Zoo Inc: Atlanta, GA, USA
    • Popovich DG and Dierenfeld ES 1997 Nutrition. In: Ogden J and Wharton D (eds) Management of Gorillas in Captivity pp 138- 146). Gorilla Species Survival Plan and the Atlanta/Fulton County Zoo Inc: Atlanta, GA, USA
    • (1997) Management of Gorillas in Captivity , pp. 138-146
    • Popovich, D.G.1    Dierenfeld, E.S.2
  • 48
    • 84995132399 scopus 로고
    • Reactions of zoo visitors to free-ranging monkeys
    • Price EC, Ashmore LA and McGivern AM 1994 Reactions of zoo visitors to free-ranging monkeys. Zoo Biology 13: 355-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo. 1430130409
    • (1994) Zoo Biology , vol.13 , pp. 355-373
    • Price, E.C.1    Ashmore, L.A.2    McGivern, A.M.3
  • 49
    • 33847114801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group size: Determinants in the wild and implications for the captive housing of wild mammals in zoos
    • Price EE and Stoinski TS 2007 Group size: determinants in the wild and implications for the captive housing of wild mammals in zoos. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 103: 255-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.021
    • (2007) Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol.103 , pp. 255-264
    • Price, E.E.1    Stoinski, T.S.2
  • 50
    • 33847771887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation of research chimpanzees: Stress and coping after long-term isolation
    • Reimersa M, Schwarzenbergera F and Preuschoft S 2007 Rehabilitation of research chimpanzees: stress and coping after long-term isolation. Hormones and Behavior 51: 428-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.12.011
    • (2007) Hormones and Behavior , vol.51 , pp. 428-435
    • Reimersa, M.1    Schwarzenbergera, F.2    Preuschoft, S.3
  • 51
    • 0001959765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control and complexity in novel object enrichment
    • Sambrook TD and Buchanan-Smith HM 1997 Control and complexity in novel object enrichment. Animal Welfare 6: 207-216
    • (1997) Animal Welfare , vol.6 , pp. 207-216
    • Sambrook, T.D.1    Buchanan-Smith, H.M.2
  • 52
    • 84860190769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition of Gorilla gorilla graueri in captivity
    • Savini T and Bigatti MP 2000 Nutrition of Gorilla gorilla graueri in captivity. Folia Primatologica 71: 292
    • (2000) Folia Primatologica , vol.71 , pp. 292
    • Savini, T.1    Bigatti, M.P.2
  • 53
    • 84995137614 scopus 로고
    • Effect of food preparation on feeding behavior of lion-tailed macaques
    • Smith A, Lindburg DG and Vehrencamp S 1989 Effect of food preparation on feeding behavior of lion-tailed macaques. Zoo Biology 8: 57-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430080108
    • (1989) Zoo Biology , vol.8 , pp. 57-66
    • Smith, A.1    Lindburg, D.G.2    Vehrencamp, S.3
  • 54
    • 33845776092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attempting to reduce regurgitation and reingestion in a captive chimpanzee through increased feeding opportunities: A case study
    • Struck K, Videan EN, Fritz J and Murphy J 2007 Attempting to reduce regurgitation and reingestion in a captive chimpanzee through increased feeding opportunities: a case study. Laboratory Animals 36: 35-38. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1038/laban0107-35
    • (2007) Laboratory Animals , vol.36 , pp. 35-38
    • Struck, K.1    Videan, E.N.2    Fritz, J.3    Murphy, J.4
  • 55
    • 8544275852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted enrichment for zoo-housed orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
    • Tarou L, Kuhar C, Adcock D, Bloomsmith M and Maple T 2004 Computer-assisted enrichment for zoo-housed orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Animal Welfare 13: 445-453
    • (2004) Animal Welfare , vol.13 , pp. 445-453
    • Tarou, L.1    Kuhar, C.2    Adcock, D.3    Bloomsmith, M.4    Maple, T.5
  • 56
    • 84987166849 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of space by adult and juvenile groups of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Traylor-Holzer K and Fritz P 1985 Utilization of space by adult and juvenile groups of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biology 4: 115-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430040205
    • (1985) Zoo Biology , vol.4 , pp. 115-127
    • Traylor-Holzer, K.1    Fritz, P.2
  • 57
    • 0003781493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service/Animal Care (USDA-APHIS- AC) Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Care: Riverdale, MD, USA
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service/Animal Care (USDA-APHIS- AC) 1999 Final Report on Environment Enhancement to Promote the Psychological Wellbeing of Non-Human Primates. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Care: Riverdale, MD, USA
    • (1999) Final Report on Environment Enhancement to Promote the Psychological Wellbeing of Non-Human Primates
  • 59
    • 0032384644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among environmental enrichment, viewing crowds, and zoo chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Wood W 1998 Interactions among environmental enrichment, viewing crowds, and zoo chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biology 17: 211-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098- 2361(1998)17:3〈211::AID-ZOO5〉3. 0.CO;2-C
    • (1998) Zoo Biology , vol.17 , pp. 211-230
    • Wood, W.1
  • 60
    • 0024588470 scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental condition on the psychological well-being of primates. A review of the literature
    • Woolverton WL, Ator NA, Beardsley PM and Carroll ME 1989 Effects of environmental condition on the psychological well-being of primates. A review of the literature. Life Sciences 44: 901-917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024- 3205(89)90489-X
    • (1989) Life Sciences , vol.44 , pp. 901-917
    • Woolverton, W.L.1    Ator, N.A.2    Beardsley, P.M.3    Carroll, M.E.4
  • 62
    • 83155169770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The investigations concerning an evaluation great apes exhibits in selected European zoological gardens
    • Zubkowicz R and Kaleta T 2005 The investigations concerning an evaluation great apes exhibits in selected European zoological gardens. Annals of Warsaw University, SGGW, Animal Science 43: 47-53
    • (2005) Annals of Warsaw University, SGGW, Animal Science , vol.43 , pp. 47-53
    • Zubkowicz, R.1    Kaleta, T.2
  • 63
    • 33847159414 scopus 로고
    • Adult male-offspring play interactions within a captive group of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
    • Zucker EL, Mitchell G and Maple T 1978 Adult male-offspring play interactions within a captive group of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Primates 19: 379-384
    • (1978) Primates , vol.19 , pp. 379-384
    • Zucker, E.L.1    Mitchell, G.2    Maple, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.