Statins improve myocardial perfusion in metabolic syndrome patients who have perfusion defects on myocardial perfusion imaging and angiographically normal coronary arteries

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 328-334

  Ulus, T ^a   Parspour, A ^a   Cavusoglu, Y ^a   Entok, E ^a   Uslu, I ^a   Demirustu, C ^a  

^a ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Metabolic syndrome; Myocardial perfusion; Statins

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIPID; METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE TECHNETIUM TC 99M;

ADULT; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EPICARDIUM; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC VOLUME; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE VOLUME; HEART MUSCLE PERFUSION; HEART STROKE VOLUME; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; LIPID ANALYSIS; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; PATIENT SELECTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REST; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; STRESS; SUMMED DIFFERENCE SCORE; SUMMED REST SCORE; SUMMED STRESS SCORE; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY CIRCULATION; CORONARY DISEASE; CORONARY VESSELS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; LIPIDS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; MYOCARDIUM; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED, SINGLE-PHOTON;

EID: 84859905696     PISSN: 11283602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. GIRMAN CJ, RHODES T, MERCURI M, PYÖRÄLÄ K, KJEKSHUS J, PEDERSEN TR, BEERE PA, GOTTO AM, CLEARFIELD M; 4S Group and the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am J Cardiol 2004;93:136-141. (Pubitemid 38058719)
2. FORD ES. Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1769-1778. (Pubitemid 40923091)
3. GALASSI A, REYNOLDS K, HE J. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2006;119:812-819. (Pubitemid 44415613)
4. GAMI AS, WITT BJ, HOWARD DE, ERWIN PJ, GAMI LA, SOMERS VK, MONTORI VM. Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:403-414. (Pubitemid 46135879)
5. TERAGAWA H, MITSUBA N, NISHIOKA K, UEDA K, KONO S, HIGASHI Y, CHAYAMA K, KIHARA Y. Impaired coronary microvascular endothelial function in men with metabolic syndrome. World J Cardiol 2010;2:205-210.
6. KNUDSON JD, DINCER UD, BRATZ IN, STUREK M, DICK GM, TUNE JD. Mechanisms of coronary dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance. Microcirculation 2007;14:317-338. (Pubitemid 47050025)
7. SERNÉ EH, DE JONGH RT, ERINGA EC, IJZERMAN RG, STEHOUWER CD. Microvascular dysfunction: a potential pathophysiological role in the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2007;50:204-211. (Pubitemid 46986042)
8. TERAGAWA H, MORITA K, SHISHIDO H, OTSUKA N, HIROKAWA Y, CHAYAMA K, TAMAKI N, KIHARA Y. Impaired myocardial blood flow reserve in subjects with metabolic syndrome analyzed using positron emission tomography and N-13 labeled ammonia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37:368-376.
9. PIRAT B, BOZBAS H, SIMSEK V, YILDIRIR A, SADE LE, GURSOY Y, ALTIN C, ATAR I, MUDERRISOGLU H. Impaired coronary flow reserve in patients with metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2008;201:112-116.
10. DEVARAJ S, SIEGEL D, JIALAL I. Statin therapy in metabolic syndrome and hypertension post-JUPITER: What is the value of CRP? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2011;13:31-42.
11. JIALAL I, DEVARAJ S. Statin therapy for the metabolic syndrome: the evidence base. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009;7:393-396.
12. DEVARAJ S, ROGERS J, JIALAL I. Statins and biomarkers of inflammation. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2007;9:33-41. (Pubitemid 46075737)
13. ECKEL RH, ALBERTI KG, GRUNDY SM, ZIMMET PZ. T he metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2010;375:181-183.
14. TOUSOULIS D, ANTONIADES C, BOSINAKOU E, KOTSOPOULOU M, PITSAVOS C, VLACHOPOULOS C, PANAGIOTAKOS D, STEFANADIS C. Effects of atorvastatin on reactive hyperemia and inflammatory process in patients with congestive heart failure. Atherosclerosis 2005;178:359-363. (Pubitemid 40193452)
15. MAACK C, KARTES T, KILTER H, SCHÄFERS HJ, NICKENIG G, BÖHM M, LAUFS U. Oxygen free radical release in human failing myocardium is associated with increased activity of rac1-GTPase and represents a target for statin treatment. Circulation 2003;108:1567-1574. (Pubitemid 37187782)
16. ICHIKI T, TAKEDA K, TOKUNOU T, IINO N, EGASHIRA K, SHIMOKAWA H, HIRANO K, KANAIDE H, TAKESHITA A. Downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by hydrophobic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1896-1901. (Pubitemid 34219738)
17. MOSTAZA JM, GOMEZ M V, GALLARDO F, SALAZAR ML, MARTÍN-JADRAQUE R, PLAZA-CELEMÍN L, GONZALEZ-MAQUEDA I, MARTÍN-JADRAQUE L. Cholesterol reduction improves myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease and average cholesterol levels. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:76-82. (Pubitemid 30061263)
18. MANFRINI O, PIZZI C, MORGAGNI G, FONTANA F, BUGIARDINI R. Effect of pravastatin on myocardial perfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:1391-1393. (Pubitemid 38692468)
19. SCHWARTZ RG, PEARSON TA, KALARIA VG, MACKIN ML, WILLIFORD DJ, AWASTHI A, SHAH A, RAINS A, GUIDO JJ. Prospective serial evaluation of myocardial perfusion and lipids during the first six months of pravastatin therapy: coronary artery disease regression single photon emission computed tomography monitoring trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:600-610. (Pubitemid 37000172)
20. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-3421.
21. MATTHEWS DR, HOSKER J P, RUDENSKI AS, NAYLOR BA, TREACHER D F, TURNER RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412-419. (Pubitemid 15018832)
22. KLOCKE FJ, BAIRD MG, LORELL BH, BATEMAN TM, MESSER J V, BERMAN DS, O'GARA PT, CARABELLO BA, RUSSELL RO JR, CERQUEIRA MD, ST JOHN SUTTON MG, DEMARIA AN, UDELSON JE, KENNEDY JW, VERANI MS, WILLIAMS KA, ANTMAN EM, SMITH SC JR, ALPERT JS, GREGORATOS G, ANDERSON JL, HIRATZKA L F, FAXON D P, HUNT SA, FUSTER V, JACOBS AK, GIBBONS RJ, RUSSELL RO. American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association; American Society for Nuclear Cardiology. ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1318-1333. (Pubitemid 37188362)
23. BERMAN DS, KIAT H, FRIEDMAN JD, WANG F P, VAN TRAIN K, MATZER L, MADDAHI J, GERMANO G. Separate acquisition rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography: a clinical validation study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:1455-1464. (Pubitemid 23316373)
24. GERMANO G, KIAT H, KAVANAGH PB, MORIEL M, MAZZANTI M, SU HT, VAN TRAIN K F, BERMAN DS. Automatic quantification of ejection fraction from gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Med 1995;36:2138-2147.
25. TURHAN H, ERBAY AR, YASAR AS, BICER A, SASMAZ H, YETKIN E. Impaired coronary blood flow in patients with metabolic syndrome: documented by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Am Heart J 2004;148:789-794.
26. PERTICONE F, CERAVOLO R, CANDIGLIOTA M, VENTURA G, IACOPINO S, SINOPOLI F, MATTIOLI PL. Obesity and body fat distribution induce endothelial dysfunction by oxidative stress: protective effect of vitamin C. Diabetes 2001;50:159-165. (Pubitemid 32047995)
27. KAWASHIMA S, YOKOYAMA M. Dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:998-1005. (Pubitemid 38737823)
28. CHEN H, MONTAGNANI M, FUNAHASHI T, SHIMOMURA I, QUON MJ. Adiponectin stimulates production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2003;278:45021-45026. (Pubitemid 37377262)
29. LAUFS U, LA FATA V, PLUTZKY J, LIAO JK. Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation 1998;97:1129-1135. (Pubitemid 28152885)
30. KOH KK. Effects of statins on vascular wall: vasomotor function, inflammation, and plaque stability. Cardiovasc Res 2000;47:648-657.
31. ROSENSON RS, TANGNEY CC, CASEY LC. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by pravastatin. Lancet. 1999;353:983-984. (Pubitemid 29132615)
32. REZAIE-MAJD A, MACA T, BUCEK RA, VALENT P, MÜLLER MR, HUSSLEIN P, KASHANIPOUR A, MINAR E, BAGHESTANIAN M. Simvastatin reduces expression of cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1194-1199. (Pubitemid 34764873)
33. ROMANO M, MEZZETTI A, MARULLI C, CIABATTONI G, FEBO F, DI IENNO S, ROCCAFORTE S, VIGNERI S, NUBILE G, MILANI M, DAVÌ G. Fluvastatin reduces soluble P-selectin and ICAM-1 levels in hypercholesterolemic patients: role of nitric oxide. J Investig Med 2000;48:183-189.
34. TOUSOULIS D, ANTONIADES C, BOSINAKOU E, KOTSOPOULOU M, TSIOUFIS C, TENTOLOURIS C, TRIKAS A, PITSAVOS C, STEFANADIS C. Effects of atorvastatin on reactive hyperaemia and the thrombosis-fibrinolysis system in patients with heart failure. Heart 2005;91:27-31. (Pubitemid 39664987)
35. LANDMESSER U, SPIEKERMANN S, DIKALOV S, TATGE H, WILKE R, KOHLER C, HARRISON DG, HORNIG B, DREXLER H. Vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure: role of xanthine-oxidase and extracellular superoxide dismutase. Circulation 2002;106:3073-3078. (Pubitemid 35440291)
36. LANDMESSER U, BAHLMANN F, MUELLER M, SPIEKERMANN S, KIRCHHOFF N, SCHULZ S, MANES C, FISCHER D, DE GROOT K, FLISER D, FAULER G, MÄRZ W, DREXLER H. Simvastatin versus ezetimibe: pleiotropic and lipid-lowering effects on endothelial function in humans. Circulation 2005;111:2356-2363. (Pubitemid 40647072)
37. RIDKER PM, WILSON PW, GRUNDY SM. Should C-reactive protein be added to metabolic syndrome and to assessment of global cardiovascular risk? Circulation 2004;109:2818-2825. (Pubitemid 38780294)
38. PENNY W F, BEN-YEHUDA O, KUROE K, LONG J, BOND A, BHARGAVA V, PETERSON J F, MCDANIEL M, JULIANO J, WITZTUM JL, ROSS J JR, PETERSON KL. Improvement of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction with lipidlowering therapy: heterogeneity of segmental response and correlation with plasma-oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:766-774. (Pubitemid 32202443)
39. SHAW LJ, BERMAN DS, HENDEL RC, ALAZRAKI N, KRAWCZYNSKA E, BORGES-NETO S, MADDAHI J, CERQUEIRA M. Cardiovascular disease risk stratification with stress single-photon emission computed tomography technetium-99m tetrofosmin imaging in patients with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:1538-1544.
40. ENTOK E, UNALIR A, CAVUSOGLU Y, TIMURALP B, VARDARELI E. Long-term effects of antilipidaemic therapy on left ventricular function in patients with dyslipidaemia: multigated radionuclide ventriculography study. Nucl Med Commun 2005;26:773-779. (Pubitemid 41215761)