The window hypothesis: Haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of β-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease

Gut

Volumn 61, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 967-969

  Krag, Aleksander ^a,b   Wiest, Reiner ^c   Albillos, Agustín ^d   Gluud, Lise Lotte ^b  

^a HVIDOVRE HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b GENTOFTE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^d HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

BACTERIAL PERITONITIS; BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESOPHAGUS VARICES BLEEDING; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; INTESTINE FLORA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; NONHUMAN; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES; FIBROSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMANS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84859884061     PISSN: 00175749     EISSN: 14683288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301348     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Berg RD, Garlington AW. Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model. Infect Immun 1979;23:403-11.
2. Wiest R, Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005;41:422-33.
3. Albillos A, de-la-Hera A, varez-Mon M. Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein prediction of severe bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Lancet 2004;363:1608-10.
4. Zapater P, Frances R, Gonzalez-Navajas JM, et al. Serum and ascitic fluid bacterial DNA: a new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2008;48:1924-31.
5. Terg R, Fassio E, Guevara M, et al. Ciprofloxacin in primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Hepatol 2008;48:774-9.
6. de Franchis R. Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2010;53:762-8.
7. Albillos A, Banares R, Gonzalez M, et al. Value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient to monitor drug therapy for portal hypertension: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1116-26.
8. Senzolo M, Cholongitas E, Burra P, et al. Betablockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis. Liver Int 2009;29:1189-93.
9. D'Amico G, Garcia-Pagan JC, Luca A, et al. Hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction and prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a systematic review. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1611-24.
10. Abraldes JG, Tarantino I, Turnes J, et al. Hemodynamic response to pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension and long-term prognosis of cirrhosis. Hepatology 2003;37:902-8.
11. Serste T, Melot C, Francoz C, et al. Deleterious effects of beta-blockers on survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Hepatology 2010;52:1017-22.
12. Serste T, Francoz C, Durand F, et al. Beta-blockers cause paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a crossover study. J Hepatol 2011;55:794-9.
13. Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, et al. Betablockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2254-61.
14. Krag A, Wiest R, Gluud LL. Reduced mortality with non-selective beta-blockers compared to banding is not related to prevention of bleeding or bleeding related mortality: systematic review of randomized trials. J Hepatol 2011;54:S72.
15. Freestone PP, Williams PH, Haigh RD, et al. Growth stimulation of intestinal commensal Escherichia coli by catecholamines: a possible contributory factor in trauma-induced sepsis. Shock 2002;18:465-70.
16. Green BT, Lyte M, Chen C, et al. Adrenergic modulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence to the colonic mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004;287:G1238-46.
17. Sanders VM, Straub RH. Norepinephrine, the betaadrenergic receptor, and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2002;16:290-332.
18. Worlicek M, Knebel K, Linde HJ, et al. Splanchnic sympathectomy prevents translocation and spreading of E coli but not S aureus in liver cirrhosis. Gut 2010;59:1127-34.
19. Perez-Paramo M, Munoz J, Albillos A, et al. Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Hepatology 2000;31:43-8.
20. Qamar AA, Groszmann RJ, Grace ND, et al. Lack of effect of non-selective beta-blockers on the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in patients with mild portal hypertension: a tale of two studies. Hepatology 2010;52:1020A.
21. Wiest R, Groszmann RJ. The paradox of nitric oxide in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: too much, not enough. Hepatology 2002;35:478-91.
22. Garcia-Tsao G, Lee FY, Barden GE, et al. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Gastroenterology 1995;108:1835-41.
23. Cirera I, Bauer TM, Navasa M, et al. Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2001;34:32-7.
24. Ruiz-del-Arbol L, Monescillo A, Arocena C, et al. Circulatory function and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005;42:439-47.
25. Ruiz-del-Arbol L, Urman J, Fernandez J, et al. Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 2003;38:1210-18.
26. Krag A, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH, et al. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut 2010;59:105-10.
27. Straub RH, Wiest R, Strauch UG, et al. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in intestinal inflammation. Gut 2006;55:1640-9.
28. Yotti R, Bermejo J, Desco MM, et al. Doppler-derived ejection intraventricular pressure gradients provide a reliable assessment of left ventricular systolic chamber function. Circulation 2005;112:1771-9.
29. Ripoll C, Yotti R, Rincon D, et al. Increased baseline systolic function in patients with cirrhosis is associated with greater decrease in stress situations. Hepatology 2011;54:1246A.
30. Krag A, Bendtsen F, Mortensen C, et al. Effects of a single terlipressin administration on cardiac function and perfusion in cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22:1085-92.
31. Krag A, Bendtsen F, Kjaer A, et al. Cardiac function studied by dobutamin stress MRI in patients with mild cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2009;50:S277.