메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 149-163

Age estimation, growth and age-related mortality of Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus

Author keywords

Age estimation; Conservation; Endangered species; Growth layer groups; Mediterranean monk seal; Monachus monachus; Mortality; Teeth

Indexed keywords

AGE DETERMINATION; AGE STRUCTURE; ENDANGERED SPECIES; GROWTH; MORTALITY; PINNIPED; SPECIES CONSERVATION; TOOTH;

EID: 84859877841     PISSN: 18635407     EISSN: 16134796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/esr00392     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 84860182497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3
    • Aguilar A, Lowry L (2008) Monachus monachus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. Available at www.iucnredlist.org
    • (2008) Monachus monachus
    • Aguilar, A.1    Lowry, L.2
  • 2
    • 33847350710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactation and mother-pup behaviour in the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus: an unusual pattern for a phocid
    • Aguilar A, Cappozzo LH, Gazo M, Pastor T, Forcada J, Grau E (2007) Lactation and mother-pup behaviour in the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus: an unusual pattern for a phocid. J Mar Biol Assoc U K 87: 93-99
    • (2007) J Mar Biol Assoc U K , vol.87 , pp. 93-99
    • Aguilar, A.1    Cappozzo, L.H.2    Gazo, M.3    Pastor, T.4    Forcada, J.5    Grau, E.6
  • 5
    • 0027047148 scopus 로고
    • Aging live Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals
    • Arnbom TA, Lunn NJ, Boyd IL, Barton T (1992) Aging live Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals. Mar Mamm Sci 8: 37-43
    • (1992) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.8 , pp. 37-43
    • Arnbom, T.A.1    Lunn, N.J.2    Boyd, I.L.3    Barton, T.4
  • 7
    • 0026290933 scopus 로고
    • Modeling age-specific mortality for marine mammal populations
    • Barlow J, Boveng P (1991) Modeling age-specific mortality for marine mammal populations. Mar Mamm Sci 7: 50-65
    • (1991) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.7 , pp. 50-65
    • Barlow, J.1    Boveng, P.2
  • 8
    • 0029803906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age estimation of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) using incisors
    • Bernt KE, Hammill MO, Kovacs KM (1996) Age estimation of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) using incisors. Mar Mamm Sci 12: 476-482
    • (1996) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.12 , pp. 476-482
    • Bernt, K.E.1    Hammill, M.O.2    Kovacs, K.M.3
  • 9
    • 0000803009 scopus 로고
    • Age and growth parameters of the long-finned pilot whale off the Faroe Islands
    • Donovan GP, Lockyer C, Martin AR (eds), Rep Int Whal Comm Spec
    • Bloch D, Lockyer C, Zachariassen M (1993) Age and growth parameters of the long-finned pilot whale off the Faroe Islands. In: Donovan GP, Lockyer C, Martin AR (eds) Biology of northern hemisphere pilot whales. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Issue 14:163-207
    • (1993) Biology of northern hemisphere pilot whales , Issue.14 , pp. 163-207
    • Bloch, D.1    Lockyer, C.2    Zachariassen, M.3
  • 10
    • 47649104817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating age of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) with incisor teeth and morphometrics
    • Blundell GM, Pendleton GW (2008) Estimating age of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) with incisor teeth and morphometrics. Mar Mamm Sci 24: 577-590
    • (2008) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.24 , pp. 577-590
    • Blundell, G.M.1    Pendleton, G.W.2
  • 11
    • 0030798434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine pollutant levels in Mediterranean monk seals from the western Mediterranean and the Sahara Coast
    • Borrell A, Aguilar A, Pastor T (1997) Organochlorine pollutant levels in Mediterranean monk seals from the western Mediterranean and the Sahara Coast. Mar Pollut Bull 34: 505-510
    • (1997) Mar Pollut Bull , vol.34 , pp. 505-510
    • Borrell, A.1    Aguilar, A.2    Pastor, T.3
  • 12
    • 34249797894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in Mediterranean monk seals (Mo -na chus monachus) from Western Sahara and Greece
    • Borrell A, Cantos G, Aguilar A, Androukaki E, Dendrinos P (2007) Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in Mediterranean monk seals (Mo -na chus monachus) from Western Sahara and Greece. Sci Total Environ 381: 316-325
    • (2007) Sci Total Environ , vol.381 , pp. 316-325
    • Borrell, A.1    Cantos, G.2    Aguilar, A.3    Androukaki, E.4    Dendrinos, P.5
  • 13
    • 0021037842 scopus 로고
    • Validation of age estimation in the harp seal, Phoca groelandica, using dentinal annuli
    • Bowen WD, Sergeant DE, Ørtisland T (1983) Validation of age estimation in the harp seal, Phoca groelandica, using dentinal annuli. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40: 1430-1441
    • (1983) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.40 , pp. 1430-1441
    • Bowen, W.D.1    Sergeant, D.E.2    Ørtisland, T.3
  • 14
    • 0001573860 scopus 로고
    • Mortality patterns in mammals
    • Caughley G (1966) Mortality patterns in mammals. Ecology 47: 906-918
    • (1966) Ecology , vol.47 , pp. 906-918
    • Caughley, G.1
  • 16
    • 58149412516 scopus 로고
    • Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit
    • Cohen J (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull 70: 213-220
    • (1968) Psychol Bull , vol.70 , pp. 213-220
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 20
    • 0016949013 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of growth curves and strategies for altering their shape
    • Fitzhugh HAJ (1976) Analysis of growth curves and strategies for altering their shape. J Anim Sci 42: 1036-1051
    • (1976) J Anim Sci , vol.42 , pp. 1036-1051
    • Fitzhugh, H.A.J.1
  • 21
    • 0033977856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pup survival in the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) colony at Cabo Blanco peninsula (western Sahara-Mauritania)
    • Gazo M, Aparicio F, Cedenilla MA, Layna JF, González LM (2000) Pup survival in the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) colony at Cabo Blanco peninsula (western Sahara-Mauritania). Mar Mamm Sci 16: 158-168
    • (2000) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.16 , pp. 158-168
    • Gazo, M.1    Aparicio, F.2    Cedenilla, M.A.3    Layna, J.F.4    González, L.M.5
  • 22
    • 0036323690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the breeding variables of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) colony of Cabo Blanco peninsula after a mass mortality episode
    • González LM, Cedenilla MA, Larrinoa PF, Layna JF, Aparicio F (2002) Changes in the breeding variables of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) colony of Cabo Blanco peninsula after a mass mortality episode. Mammalia 66: 173-182
    • (2002) Mammalia , vol.66 , pp. 173-182
    • González, L.M.1    Cedenilla, M.A.2    Larrinoa, P.F.3    Layna, J.F.4    Aparicio, F.5
  • 23
    • 40649090856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage by monk seals to gear of the artisanal fishery in the Foça Monk Seal Pilot Conservation Area
    • Güçlüsoy H (2008) Damage by monk seals to gear of the artisanal fishery in the Foça Monk Seal Pilot Conservation Area, Turkey. Fish Res 90: 70-77
    • (2008) Turkey. Fish Res , vol.90 , pp. 70-77
    • Güçlüsoy, H.1
  • 24
    • 0038043721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between monk seals Monachus monachus (Hermann 1779) and marine fish farms in the Turkish Aegean and management of the problem
    • Güçlüsoy H, Savas Y (2003) Interaction between monk seals Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) and marine fish farms in the Turkish Aegean and management of the problem. Aquac Res 34: 777-783
    • (2003) Aquac Res , vol.34 , pp. 777-783
    • Güçlüsoy, H.1    Savas, Y.2
  • 25
    • 35648935005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus (Hermann 1779) in the coastal waters of Turkey
    • Güçlüsoy H, Kiraç CO, Veryeri NO, Savas Y (2004) Status of the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) in the coastal waters of Turkey. EU J Fish Aquat Sci 21: 201-210
    • (2004) EU J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.21 , pp. 201-210
    • Güçlüsoy, H.1    Kiraç, C.O.2    Veryeri, N.O.3    Savas, Y.4
  • 27
    • 0032492891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What killed the monk seals
    • Harwood J (1998) What killed the monk seals? Nature 393: 17-18
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 17-18
    • Harwood, J.1
  • 29
    • 0013382927 scopus 로고
    • Reading between the lines: analysis of age estimation in dolphins
    • Leatherwood S, Reeves R (eds), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Hohn AA (1990) Reading between the lines: analysis of age estimation in dolphins. In: Leatherwood S, Reeves R (eds) The bottlenose dolphin. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, p 575-585
    • (1990) The bottlenose dolphin , pp. 575-585
    • Hohn, A.A.1
  • 30
    • 0032717976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biases in dolphin age structure due to age estimation techniques
    • Hohn A, Fernandez S (1999) Biases in dolphin age structure due to age estimation techniques. Mar Mamm Sci 15: 1124-1132
    • (1999) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.15 , pp. 1124-1132
    • Hohn, A.1    Fernandez, S.2
  • 31
    • 0010835967 scopus 로고
    • Report of the harbour porpoise age determination workshop, Oslo, 21-23 May 1990. Appendix 3. Protocol for obtaining age estimates from harbour porpoise teeth
    • Bjørge A, Donovan GP (eds), Rep Int Whal Comm Spec
    • Hohn AA, Lockyer C (1995) Report of the harbour porpoise age determination workshop, Oslo, 21-23 May 1990. Appendix 3. Protocol for obtaining age estimates from harbour porpoise teeth. In: Bjørge A, Donovan GP (eds) Biology of the phocoenids. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Issue 16:494-496
    • (1995) Biology of the phocoenids , Issue.16 , pp. 494-496
    • Hohn, A.A.1    Lockyer, C.2
  • 33
    • 84859865648 scopus 로고
    • International Union for Conservation of Nature/United Nations Environment Programme (IUCN/UNEP) Reijnders PJH, de Visscher MN, Ries E (eds) Marine mammal action plan series. IUCN, Gland
    • International Union for Conservation of Nature/United Nations Environment Programme (IUCN/UNEP) (1988) The Mediterranean monk seal. In: Reijnders PJH, de Visscher MN, Ries E (eds) Marine mammal action plan series. IUCN, Gland, p 1-59
    • (1988) The Mediterranean monk seal , pp. 1-59
  • 35
    • 0038173554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass tourism and the Mediterranean monk seal
    • Johnson WM, Lavigne DM (1999) Mass tourism and the Mediterranean monk seal. Monachus Guardian 2: 1-30
    • (1999) Monachus Guardian , vol.2 , pp. 1-30
    • Johnson, W.M.1    Lavigne, D.M.2
  • 37
    • 55449125776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing accidental entanglement as a threat to the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus
    • Karamanlidis AA, Androukaki E, Adamantopoulou S, Chatzispyrou A and others (2008) Assessing accidental entanglement as a threat to the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus. Endang Species Res 5: 205-213
    • (2008) Endang Species Res , vol.5 , pp. 205-213
    • Karamanlidis, A.A.1    Androukaki, E.2    Adamantopoulou, S.3    Chatzispyrou, A.4
  • 38
    • 1842403155 scopus 로고
    • Age determination in the Hawaiian monk seal
    • Kenyon KW, Fiscus CH (1963) Age determination in the Hawaiian monk seal. J Mammal 44: 280-282
    • (1963) J Mammal , vol.44 , pp. 280-282
    • Kenyon, K.W.1    Fiscus, C.H.2
  • 39
    • 0038636117 scopus 로고
    • Layers of the hard tissues of mammals as a record of growth rhythms of individuals
    • Perrin WF, Myrick AC (eds), Rep Int Whal Comm Spec
    • Klevezal GA (1980) Layers of the hard tissues of mammals as a record of growth rhythms of individuals. In: Perrin WF, Myrick AC (eds) Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Issue 3:89-94
    • (1980) Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians , Issue.3 , pp. 89-94
    • Klevezal, G.A.1
  • 40
    • 0346612061 scopus 로고
    • Patterns and calibration of layering in tooth cementum of female northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris
    • Klevezal GA, Stewart BS (1994) Patterns and calibration of layering in tooth cementum of female northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. J Mammal 75: 483-487
    • (1994) J Mammal , vol.75 , pp. 483-487
    • Klevezal, G.A.1    Stewart, B.S.2
  • 41
    • 84859865650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species. Version 2010.3
    • Kovacs K (2008) Monachus tropicalis. IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species. Version 2010.3 Available at www. iucnredlist.org
    • (2008) Monachus tropicalis
    • Kovacs, K.1
  • 42
    • 0013944579 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal growth of birds and mammals
    • Laird AK (1966) Postnatal growth of birds and mammals. Growth 30: 349-363
    • (1966) Growth , vol.30 , pp. 349-363
    • Laird, A.K.1
  • 43
    • 36949088072 scopus 로고
    • A new method of age determination in mammals
    • Laws RM (1952) A new method of age determination in mammals. Nature 169: 972-973
    • (1952) Nature , vol.169 , pp. 972-973
    • Laws, R.M.1
  • 44
    • 0343844089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, length and reproductive para -meters of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena (L.) from west Greenland
    • Lockyer C, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Jensen J, Kinze CC, Buus Sørensen T (2001) Age, length and reproductive para -meters of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena (L.) from west Greenland. ICES J Mar Sci 58: 154-162
    • (2001) ICES J Mar Sci , vol.58 , pp. 154-162
    • Lockyer, C.1    Heide-Jørgensen, M.P.2    Jensen, J.3    Kinze, C.C.4    Buus Sørensen, T.5
  • 45
    • 60049092661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age determination in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas): a quest for validation of dentinal layering
    • Lockyer C, Hohh AA, Doidge DW, Heide-Jorgensen MP, Suydam R (2007) Age determination in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas): a quest for validation of dentinal layering. Aquat Mamm 33: 293-304
    • (2007) Aquat Mamm , vol.33 , pp. 293-304
    • Lockyer, C.1    Hohh, A.A.2    Doidge, D.W.3    Heide-Jorgensen, M.P.4    Suydam, R.5
  • 46
    • 84859878286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age determination methods in harbour seals with a review of methods applicable to carnivores
    • Lockyer C, Mackey B, Read F, Härkonen T, Hasselmeier I (2010) Age determination methods in harbour seals with a review of methods applicable to carnivores. NAMMCO Sci Publ 8:245-264
    • (2010) NAMMCO Sci Publ , vol.8 , pp. 245-264
    • Lockyer, C.1    Mackey, B.2    Read, F.3    Härkonen, T.4    Hasselmeier, I.5
  • 47
    • 67349241641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dentine deposition rates in beluga Delphinapterus leucas): an analysis of the evidence
    • Luque SP, Higdon JW, Ferguson SH (2007) Dentine deposition rates in beluga Delphinapterus leucas): an analysis of the evidence. Aquat Mamm 33: 241-245
    • (2007) Aquat Mamm , vol.33 , pp. 241-245
    • Luque, S.P.1    Higdon, J.W.2    Ferguson, S.H.3
  • 48
    • 70350495823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two histological techniques for age de termination in small cetaceans
    • Luque PL, Learmonth JA, Santos MB, Ieno E, Pierce GJ (2009) Comparison of two histological techniques for age de termination in small cetaceans. Mar Mamm Sci 25: 902-919
    • (2009) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.25 , pp. 902-919
    • Luque, P.L.1    Learmonth, J.A.2    Santos, M.B.3    Ieno, E.4    Pierce, G.J.5
  • 50
    • 0026311909 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of age determination in the grey seal Halichoerus grypus of Eastern Canada
    • Mansfield AW (1991) Accuracy of age determination in the grey seal Halichoerus grypus of Eastern Canada. Mar Mamm Sci 7: 44-49
    • (1991) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.7 , pp. 44-49
    • Mansfield, A.W.1
  • 51
    • 84859816077 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur la biologie, l'ecologie et le statut du phoque moine
    • GIS Posidonie Publications, Marseille
    • Marchessaux D (1989) Recherches sur la biologie, l'ecologie et le statut du phoque moine, Monachus monachus. GIS Posidonie Publications, Marseille
    • (1989) Monachus monachus
    • Marchessaux, D.1
  • 52
    • 33748916003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External morphology of the shortbeaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis: growth, allometric relationships and sexual dimorphism
    • Murphy S, Rogan E (2006) External morphology of the shortbeaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis: growth, allometric relationships and sexual dimorphism. Acta Zool 87: 315-329
    • (2006) Acta Zool , vol.87 , pp. 315-329
    • Murphy, S.1    Rogan, E.2
  • 53
    • 69849091495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of biological parameters in assessing the status of Delphinus delphis
    • Murphy S, Winship A, Dabin W, Jepson PD and others (2009) Importance of biological parameters in assessing the status of Delphinus delphis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 388: 273-291
    • (2009) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.388 , pp. 273-291
    • Murphy, S.1    Winship, A.2    Dabin, W.3    Jepson, P.D.4
  • 54
    • 19544386789 scopus 로고
    • Some new and potential uses of dental layers in studying delphinid populations
    • Pryor K, Norris KS (eds), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
    • Myrick AC (1991) Some new and potential uses of dental layers in studying delphinid populations. In: Pryor K, Norris KS (eds) Dolphins societies: discoveries and puzzles. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, p 251-279
    • (1991) Dolphins societies: discoveries and puzzles , pp. 251-279
    • Myrick, A.C.1
  • 55
    • 70350485743 scopus 로고
    • Calibrating dental layers in captive bottlenose dolphins from serial tetracycline labels and tooth extractions
    • Leatherwood S, Reeves R (eds), Academic Press, New York, NY
    • Myrick AC, Cornell LH (1990) Calibrating dental layers in captive bottlenose dolphins from serial tetracycline labels and tooth extractions. In: Leatherwood S, Reeves R (eds) The bottlenose dolphin. Academic Press, New York, NY, p 587-608
    • (1990) The bottlenose dolphin , pp. 587-608
    • Myrick, A.C.1    Cornell, L.H.2
  • 56
    • 0001761333 scopus 로고
    • Calibration of dental layers in seven captive Hawaiian spinner dolphins, Stenella longirostris, based on tetra -cycline labeling
    • Myrick AC, Shallenberger EW, Kang I, MacKay DB (1984) Calibration of dental layers in seven captive Hawaiian spinner dolphins, Stenella longirostris, based on tetra -cycline labeling. Fish Bull 82: 207-225
    • (1984) Fish Bull , vol.82 , pp. 207-225
    • Myrick, A.C.1    Shallenberger, E.W.2    Kang, I.3    MacKay, D.B.4
  • 59
    • 0027427064 scopus 로고
    • The endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus in the Ionian Sea
    • Panou A, Jacobs J, Panos D (1993) The endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus in the Ionian Sea, Greece. Biol Conserv 64: 129-140
    • (1993) Greece. Biol Conserv , vol.64 , pp. 129-140
    • Panou, A.1    Jacobs, J.2    Panos, D.3
  • 60
    • 0037376031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive cycle of the female Mediterranean monk seal in the western Sahara
    • Pastor T, Aguilar A (2003) Reproductive cycle of the female Mediterranean monk seal in the western Sahara. Mar Mamm Sci 19: 318-330
    • (2003) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.19 , pp. 318-330
    • Pastor, T.1    Aguilar, A.2
  • 62
    • 42149166069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation status and priorities of the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus in the archipelago of Madeira
    • Pires R, Neves HC, Karamanlidis AA (2008) Conservation status and priorities of the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus in the archipelago of Madeira. Oryx 42: 278-285
    • (2008) Oryx , vol.42 , pp. 278-285
    • Pires, R.1    Neves, H.C.2    Karamanlidis, A.A.3
  • 64
    • 0343986322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in morphology with age in Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus)
    • Samaranch R, González LM (2000) Changes in morphology with age in Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus). Mar Mamm Sci 16: 141-157
    • (2000) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.16 , pp. 141-157
    • Samaranch, R.1    González, L.M.2
  • 65
    • 0000113439 scopus 로고
    • Growth layers on the teeth of Pinnipedia as an indication of age
    • Scheffer VB (1950) Growth layers on the teeth of Pinnipedia as an indication of age. Science 112: 309-311
    • (1950) Science , vol.112 , pp. 309-311
    • Scheffer, V.B.1
  • 66
    • 0013429445 scopus 로고
    • A review of studies to 1970 of growth layers in the teeth of marine mammals
    • Perrin WF, Myrick AC (eds), Rep Int Whal Comm Spec
    • Scheffer VB, Myrick AC (1980) A review of studies to 1970 of growth layers in the teeth of marine mammals. In: Perrin WF, Myrick AC (eds) Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians. Rep Int Whal Comm Spec Issue 3:51-61
    • (1980) Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians , Issue.3 , pp. 51-61
    • Scheffer, V.B.1    Myrick, A.C.2
  • 67
    • 0002468852 scopus 로고
    • The recent status of Monachus monachus, the Mediterranean monk seal
    • Sergeant D, Ronald K, Boulva J, Berkes F (1978) The recent status of Monachus monachus, the Mediterranean monk seal. Biol Conserv 14: 259-287
    • (1978) Biol Conserv , vol.14 , pp. 259-287
    • Sergeant, D.1    Ronald, K.2    Boulva, J.3    Berkes, F.4
  • 68
    • 0001189990 scopus 로고
    • A competing-risk model for animal mortality
    • Siler W (1979) A competing-risk model for animal mortality. Ecology 60: 750-757
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 750-757
    • Siler, W.1
  • 69
    • 0029663218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counts of growth layer groups in cementum and dentine in ringed seals (Phoca hispida)
    • Stewart REA, Stewart BE, Stirling I, Street E (1996) Counts of growth layer groups in cementum and dentine in ringed seals (Phoca hispida). Mar Mamm Sci 12: 383-401
    • (1996) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.12 , pp. 383-401
    • Stewart, R.E.A.1    Stewart, B.E.2    Stirling, I.3    Street, E.4
  • 70
    • 0036232757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of bottle -nose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian river lagoon system, Florida
    • Stolen MK, Odell DK, Barros NB (2002) Growth of bottle -nose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian river lagoon system, Florida, USA Mar Mamm Sci 18: 348-357
    • (2002) USA Mar Mamm Sci , vol.18 , pp. 348-357
    • Stolen, M.K.1    Odell, D.K.2    Barros, N.B.3
  • 71
    • 0000531867 scopus 로고
    • Metachromatic staining of dental cementum for mammalian age determination
    • Thomas DC (1977) Metachromatic staining of dental cementum for mammalian age determination. J Wildl Manag 41: 207-210
    • (1977) J Wildl Manag , vol.41 , pp. 207-210
    • Thomas, D.C.1
  • 73
    • 0034985562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth in body size of the steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)
    • Winship AJ, Trites AW, Calkins DG (2001) Growth in body size of the steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). J Mammal 82: 500-519
    • (2001) J Mammal , vol.82 , pp. 500-519
    • Winship, A.J.1    Trites, A.W.2    Calkins, D.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.