The development of fine-grained sensitivity to eye contact after 6years of age

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

Volumn 112, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 243-256

  Vida, Mark D ^a   Maurer, Daphne ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cone of gaze; Dyadic gaze; Eye contact; Eye gaze; Face perception; Gaze following; Mutual gaze

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; EMOTION; EYE MOVEMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; MALE; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; PERCEPTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ATTENTION; CHILD; CUES; EMOTIONS; EYE MOVEMENTS; FEMALE; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; MALE; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 84859777894     PISSN: 00220965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adams R.A., Courage M.L. Using a single test to measure human contrast sensitivity from early childhood to maturity. Vision Research 2002, 42:1205-1210.
2. Akechi H., Senju A., Kikuchi Y., Tojo Y., Osanai H., Hasegawa T. Does gaze direction modulate facial expression processing in children with autism spectrum disorder?. Child Development 2009, 80:1134-1146.
3. Ando S. Perception of gaze direction based on luminance ratio. Perception 2004, 33:1173-1183.
4. Anstis S.M., Mayhew J.W., Morley T. The perception of where a face or television "portrait" is looking. American Journal of Psychology 1969, 82:474-489.
5. Argyle M., Cook M. Gaze and mutual gaze 1976, Cambridge University Press, New York.
6. Baron-Cohen S. The eye direction detector (EDD) and the shared attention mechanism (SAM): Two cases for evolutionary psychology. Joint attention: Its origins and role in development 1995, 41-59. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. C. Moore, P.J. Dunham (Eds.).
7. Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Hill J., Raste Y., Plumb I. The reading the mind in the eyes test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2001, 42:241-251.
8. Bindemann M.A., Burton M., Langton S.R.H. How do eye gaze and expression interact?. Visual Cognition 2007, 16:708-733.
9. Bock S.W., Dicke P., Thier P. How precise is gaze following in humans?. Vision Research 2008, 48:946-957.
10. Brainard D.H. The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision 1997, 10:433-436.
11. Caldara R., Zhou X., Miellet S. Putting culture under the "spotlight" reveals universal information use for face recognition. Public Library of Science One 2010, 5:e9708.
12. Dahl C.D., Wallraven C., Bülthoff H.H., Logothetis N.K. Humans and macaques employ similar face-processing strategies. Current Biology 2010, 19:509-513.
13. Dalgaard P. Introductory statistics with R 2008, Springer, New York.
14. Doherty M.J., Anderson J.R., Howieson L. The rapid development of gaze judgment ability at 3 years. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2009, 104:296-312.
15. Einav S., Hood B.M. Tell-tale eyes: Children's attribution of gaze aversion as a lying cue. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44:1655-1667.
16. Ellemberg D., Lewis T.L., Liu C.H., Maurer D. Development of spatial and temporal vision during childhood. Vision Research 1999, 39:2325-2333.
17. Emery N.J. The eyes have it: The neuroethology, function, and evolution of social gaze. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2000, 24:581-604.
18. Ewbank M.P., Jennings C., Calder A. Why are you angry with me? Facial expressions of threat influence perception of gaze direction. Journal of Vision 2009, 9:1-7.
19. Farroni T., Csibra G., Simion F., Johnson M.H. Eye contact detection in humans from birth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2002, 99:9602-9605.
20. Farroni T., Johnson M.H., Csibra G. Mechanisms of eye gaze perception during infancy. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2004, 16:1320-1326.
21. Farroni T., Mansfield E.M., Lai C., Johnson M.H. Infants perceiving and acting on the eyes: Tests of an evolutionary hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2003, 85:199-212.
22. Gamer M., Hecht H. Are you looking at me? Measuring the cone of gaze. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2007, 33:705-715.
23. Gibson J.T., Pick A.D. Perception of another person's looking behavior. American Journal of Psychology 1963, 76:386-394.
24. Hains S.M.J., Muir D.W. Infant sensitivity to adult eye direction information. Child Development 1996, 67:1940-1951.
25. Hietanen J.K., Leppänen J.M., Peltola M.J., Linna-Aho K., Ruuhiala H.J. Seeing direct and averted gaze activates the approach-avoidance motivational brain systems. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:2423-2430.
26. Kendon A. Some functions of gaze-direction in social interaction. Acta Psychologica 1967, 26:22-63.
27. Lawson R.P., Clifford C.W.G., Calder A.J. A real head-turner: Horizontal and vertical head directions are multichannel coded. Journal of Vision 2011, 11:1-17.
28. Lord C. The perception of eye contact in children and adults. Child Development 1974, 45:1113-1117.
29. Lord C., Haith M.M. The perception of eye contact. Perception and Psychophysics 1974, 16:413-416.
30. Macrae C.N., Hood B.M., Milne A.B., Rowe A.C., Mason M.F. Are you looking at me? Eye gaze and person perception. Psychological Science 2002, 13:460-464.
31. McCarthy A., Lee K. Children's knowledge of deceptive gaze cues and its relation to their actual lying behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2009, 103:117-134.
32. McCullagh P., Nelder J. Generalized linear models 1989, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 2nd ed.
33. Senju A., Csibra G. Gaze following in human infants depends on communicative signals. Current Biology 2008, 18:668-671.
34. Senju A., Johnson M.H. The eye contact effect: Mechanisms and development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2009, 13:127-134.
35. Senju A., Kikuchi Y., Hasegawa T., Tojo Y., Osanai H. Is anyone looking at me? Direct gaze detection in children with and without autism. Brain and Cognition 2008, 67:127-139.
36. Smith A.D., Hood B.M., Hector K. Eye remember you: Gaze direction modulates face recognition in a developmental study. Developmental Science 2006, 9:465-472.
37. Symons L., Hains S.M.J., Muir D.W. Look at me: Five-month-old infants' sensitivity to very small deviations in eye-gaze during social interactions. Infant Behavior and Development 1998, 21:531-536.
38. Symons L.A., Lee K., Cedrone C.C., Nishimura M. What are you looking at? Acuity for triadic eye gaze. Journal of General Psychology 2004, 131:451-469.
39. Thayer S. Children's detection of on-face and off-face gazes. Developmental Psychology 1977, 13:673-674.
40. Vida M.D., Maurer D. Gradual improvement in fine-grained sensitivity to triadic gaze after 6years of age. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2012, 11:299-318.
41. Zeifman D., Delaney S., Blass E.M. Sweet taste, looking, and calm in 2- and 4-week-old infants: The eyes have it. Developmental Psychology 1996, 32:1090-1099.